| 释义 |
Miami, n. and a.|maɪˈæmɪ|
[a. Fr. Miami f. Illinois miamioua.
Hodge (1907) posited a speculative derivation from Chippewa (Ojibwa) omaumeg lit. ‘people who live on the peninsula’.]
A. n.
1. (A member of) an Algonquian people formerly resident in the north-eastern United States (principally in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin) and, in more recent times, inhabiting areas of Ohio, Kansas, and Oklahoma.
1698tr. Hennepin's New Discovery Amer. xxxv. 141 The Miamis arriv'd much about that time, and danced the Calumet with the Illinois. 1771Smollett Humph. Cl. 26 Oct., A little traffic he drove in peltry during his sachemship among the Miamis. 1877L. H. Morgan Anc. Society II. vi. 169 The Shawnees had a practice, common also to the Miamis and Sauks and Foxes, of naming children into the gens of the father or of the mother or any other gens. 1907F. W. Hodge Handbk. Amer. Indians I. 853/2 According to the early French explorers the Miamis were distinguished for polite manners, mild, affable, and sedate character, and their respect for and perfect obedience to their chiefs. 1970B. Anson Miami Indians 11 The Miami had no legends or myths of previous migrations. 1992A. W. Eckert Sorrow in our Heart Prologue 11 The Miamis, though currently the most powerful tribe in the northwest, suddenly found themselves..being attacked on the west by their mortal enemies, the Sioux, and now threatened in the east by the Iroquois.
2. The (now extinct) Algonquian language of this people, a dialect of the same language as that spoken by the Illinois, sometimes referred to jointly as Miami-Illinois.
1804C. F. Volney View of Soil & Climate U.S.A. 430 (heading) Miami after the French Orthography. 1845R. G. Latham in Trans. Philol. Soc. II. xxviii. 33/1 English ear... Miami tawakeh. 1899Amer. Anthropologist I. 156 The form iníni is represented in Peoria, Miami, and other dialects also, but not as a substantive. 1938C. F. Voegelin Shawnee Stems 63 Comparative evidence..suggests that Miami contains some pre-aspiration and vocalic length not recorded in the manuscript. The manuscript dictionary is given in the order English-Miami. 1992I. Goddard in W. Bright Internat. Encycl. Linguistics I. 44 [The Algonkian family includes] several languages whose speakers have moved south and west from the Upper Great Lakes in the historical period, namely Potawatomi, Fox-Kickapoo, Shawnee, and Miami-Illinois.
B. attrib. or as adj. Of or pertaining to the Miami or their language.
1792G. Imlay Topogr. Descrip. W. Territory N. Amer. 68 The vigorous measures which their depredations have obliged Congress to adopt, must end with a permanent peace, or in a few years their provocations will lead to the extirpation of the whole of the Miami and Illinois tribes. 1804C. F. Volney View of Soil & Climate U.S.A. 427, I shall here add a vocabulary of the Miami tongue. 1818M. Birkbeck Notes Journey Amer. 100 One young man.., of the Miami nation, had a clear light blue cotton vest with sleeves. 1907F. W. Hodge Handbk. Amer. Indians I. 853/1 There was a Miami village at Detroit in 1703. 1938C. F. Voegelin Shawnee Stems (Indiana Hist. Soc.) 63 Since contrastive forms are generally lacking, I do not attempt an editorial analysis of Miami compounds. 1989Encycl. Brit. VIII. 88/3 The staple of the Miami diet was a particular type of maize (corn) that was considered superior to that cultivated by their neighbours. |