| 释义 |
anthropology|-ˈɒlədʒɪ|
[f. Gr. ἄνθρωπο-ς man + -logy. Gr. had ἀνθρωπολόγος (Aristotle) treating of man, of which *ἀνθρωπολογία was analogically the abst. n. Anthropologia occurs as mod.L. in 1595, and anthropologie as mod.Fr.]
1. The science of man, or of mankind, in the widest sense.
This seems to have been the original application of the word in Eng. but for two and a half cent., to c 1860, the term was commonly confined to the restricted sense b. Since that date, it has sometimes been limited, by reaction, to c.
1593R. Harvey Philad. 15 Genealogy or issue which they had, Artes which they studied, Actes which they did. This part of History is named Anthropology. 1656Blount Glossogr., Anthropology, a speaking or discoursing of men.
b. The science of the nature of man, embracing Human Physiology and Psychology and their mutual bearing.
The sense in which ἀνθρωπολόγος was used by Aristotle, and Anthropologia by Otto Casmann 1594–5 in his Psychologia Anthropologica, sive Animæ Humanæ Doctrina; and Anthropologia: Pars II. hoc est de fabrica Humani Corporis. This author seems to have first used the term.
[1706J. Drake (title) Anthropologia Nova; or, A new System of Anatomy.] 1706Phillips, Anthropology, a Discourse or Description of Man, or of a Man's Body. 1727–51Chambers Cycl., Anthropology includes the consideration both of the human body and soul, with the laws of their union, and the effects thereof, as sensation, motion, etc. 1810Coleridge Taste in Lect. Shaks. II. 223 The analysis of our senses in the commonest books of anthropology. 1834Penny Cycl. II. 97 Anthropology..considers man as a citizen of the world, and has nothing properly to do with the varieties of the human race.
c. The ‘study of man as an animal’ (Latham). The branch of the science which investigates the position of man zoologically, his ‘evolution,’ and history as a race of animated beings.
1861Hulme Moquin-Tandon Pref. 8 Natural History, or Anthropology..the principal characters of our species, its perfection, its accidental degradations, its unity, its races, and the manner in which it has been classified. 1881Flower in Nature No. 619. 437 The aim of zoological anthropology is to discover a natural classification of man.
†2. A speaking after the manner of men; anthropomorphic language. [The sense in which ἀνθρωπολογέ-ειν was used by Philo.] Obs.
1727–51Chambers Cycl., Anthropology is particularly used in theology, for a way of speaking of God, after the manner of men, by attributing human parts and passions to him. |