| 释义 |
▪ I. kerosene, n.|ˈkɛrəsiːn|
Also kerosine (see note below).
[irreg. f. Gr. κηρός wax + -ene.]
a. A mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, a commercial product of the distillation of petroleum; obtained also from coal and bituminous shale, and extensively used as a lamp-oil. Now important as a fuel for some kinds of internal-combustion engines, esp. jet engines.
First manufactured by Abraham Gesner, shortly after 1846 (1865 Gesner Coal, Petrol. etc. 9), and frequently called kerosene oil. Also commonly known as petroleum, which properly denotes the crude mineral oil from which kerosene is obtained. Kerosene, -ine is now the usual name for paraffin in much of the U.S. (see quot. 19611) and in Australia and New Zealand; in Britain its currency is largely restricted to technical contexts. The spelling kerosine was adopted in 1925 by the Amer. Soc. for Testing Materials and (in Britain) by the Institute of Petroleum; the -ene form remains the usual one in general usage and still occurs in technical contexts.
1854A. Gesner in U.S. Patent Rep. 462 The new product or composition of hydrocarbon for illuminating and other purposes called..Kerocene. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Kerosene, a liquid hydro-carbon obtained from a species of bituminous shale in New Brunswick. 1864E. A. Murray Ella Norman II. 206 He had brought in..a large tin of kerosine, to fill up and light the lamps in the bar. 1881Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. 1509 Illuminating Oil, Petroleum, Kerosene, Paraffin Oil, Refined Paraffin, has a large and increasing consumption for lamps, etc. 1894Dublin Rev. Oct. 434 The American oil gives about 80 per cent. of kerosene. 1925Proc. Amer. Soc. Testing Materials XXV. 287 The sub-committee [on nomenclature] wishes to call particular attention to the spelling of the word ‘kerosine’. This matter was brought to our attention by the Executive Committee of the Standardization Committee of the Institution of Petroleum Technologists, it being pointed out that the ending ‘ene’ is very generally applied to pure hydrocarbons. The suffix ‘ine’ already applied to gasoline is therefore also applied to kerosine. 1933Industr. Chemist IX. 227/2 High sulphur, low quality, off-colour kerosene distillates..may be hydrogenated. 1949Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) IX. 389/2 The word ‘kerosene’..is an alternative name with paraffin oil (British) and coal oil (American). 1950Inst. Petroleum Rev. IV. 9/1 The American Society for Testing Materials and the Institute of Petroleum..desire to reiterate their strong recommendation for international recognition of the spelling kerosine. 1951C. R. Noller Textbk. Org. Chem. iv. 53 Previous to 1910, kerosene was the most important product derived from petroleum. Ibid., The demand for the kerosene fraction is increasing again, since it is being used as the fuel for gas turbines and jet engines. 1954Chem. & Engin. News 5 Apr. 1386/3 ‘Kerosene’ is commoner than ‘kerosine’. The ASTM [sc. American Society for Testing Materials] and ASA [sc. American Standards Association] have preferred ‘kerosine’, probably in order to make it consistent with ‘gasoline’, and CA [sc. Chemical Abstracts] has adopted ‘kerosine’ as the choice of an authoritative group in the petroleum field. 1957Frazer & Eshelman Tractors & Crawlers i. 14 Kerosene and distillate..will burn satisfactorily in engines which are designed for low-grade fuels. 1960B.S.I. News Dec. 25 (heading) Kerosine (paraffin) unflued space heaters. 1961Amer. Speech XXXVI. 27 Fuel for lamps: Kurath found kerosene in general use through the North. The Atlas field interviewer, on the other hand, encountered coal oil in all three Cleveland interviews. Both terms are in widespread use today. 1. The commercial kerosene..increases in frequency with the youth and the cultivation of the informant. 2. Coal oil..appears to find its chief strength among the old and the uncultivated. 1961D. Petrie Petroleum xi. 62 The heavier products condense on the lower trays, and the lighter ones like kerosine and petrol near the top. 1966C. Orr Particulate Technol. ix. 439 Organic liquids like benzene, toluene, kerosine. 1966G. W. Turner Eng. Lang. Austral. & N.Z. i. 22 Trade has given currency to such words as kerosene: an English lady surprised a New Zealand chemist by asking for four gallons of ‘paraffin’ and he surprised her by supplying four gallons of ‘liquid paraffin’. 1967W. A. Gruse Motor Fuels i. 6 The next higher-boiling fraction, kerosene, will cover the range about 180 to 290°C. 1970Sci. Jrnl. Mar. 44/1 Aviation kerosine has a strong and unpleasant odour.
b. attrib. and Comb., as kerosene box, kerosene bucket, kerosene case, kerosene engine, kerosene flare, kerosene lamp, kerosene-manufacturer, kerosene oil, kerosene shale, kerosene spectrum, kerosene stove, kerosene tax, kerosene tin, kerosene works, etc.; kerosene-lit, kerosene-soaked adjs.
1948V. Palmer Golconda x. 76 There was a bookcase made of *kerosene-boxes nailed together.
1929K. S. Prichard Coonardoo xxiv. 235 Coonardoo had *kerosene buckets of water boiling.
1905W. B. Where White Man Treads 304 He invited me to his whare, and seated me in the seat of honour—the slab bunk—while he made shift with the ubiquitous *kerosene case store-all.
1909Westm. Gaz. 3 Feb. 2/2 A gasolene- or *kerosene-engine.
1920D. H. Lawrence Women in Love ix. 125 The market-place was hot with *kerosene flares.
1869Bradshaw's Railway Manual XXI. p. xii (Advt.), Dietz & Co., petroleum and *kerozene lamp manufacturers. 1879Gd. Words. Mar. 164 Pots, pans, vessels of wood, kerosene lamps. 1945Coast to Coast 1944 75 It was a dingy hole all right, with a feeble kerosene-lamp trying to soak up some of the shadows. 1974‘I. Drummond’ Power of Bug viii. 113 The smell of gasoline could not have come from..kerosene lamps.
1932W. Faulkner Light in August v. 107 He saw himself enclosed by cabinshapes, vague, *kerosenelit.
1863Dicey Federal St. I. 21 A store of *Kerozene oil had caught fire. 1896B. M. Croker Village Tales 221 Treasure, which was buried in a kerosene-oil tin.
1908Westm. Gaz. 3 June 12/1 No sooner had the speeches concluded than..a light was set to the stack of *kerosene-soaked pipes.
1889Anthony's Photogr. Bull. II. 395 The color sensitiveness of a photograpic plate..judged by a *kerosene spectrum.
1876Daily News 22 Aug. 6 He lost his *kerosene stove, and his square sail by the upset. 1946Coast to Coast 1945 175 In the shed that had been fitted up with taps and shelves, a sink and an old smoky kerosene stove, Bennie was always happy.
1928Manch. Guardian Weekly 10 Aug. 113/4 Mr. Churchill was deeply chagrined by being compelled to withdraw his proposed *kerosene tax.
1891C. Roberts Adrift Amer. xii. 211 There was no difficulty in cooking it as an old *kerosine tin furnished a pot, and..I soon had it boiling away. 1908E. J. Banfield Confessions of Beachcomber i. i. 48 All convenient vessels available, even to the never-to-be despised kerosene tins, were utilised to store the nectar. 1937Discovery June 169/2 Dozens of boys and girls..came along with calabashes, bags and kerosene tins full of locusts. 1969Coast to Coast 1967–68 18 Kate had been boiling clothes in kerosene tins on the kitchen stove and carrying them outside to be rinsed in big tubs on the back veranda.
▪ II. ˈkerosene, v.
[f. prec. n.]
trans. To saturate with kerosene, esp. in order to render inflammable.
1883Pall Mall Gaz. 20 Mar. 7/1 The cities that are, forsooth, to be kerosened and dynamited. 1894Blackw. Mag. Sept. 394 The cook who strains his master's soup through a much kerosened lamp-cloth. |