| 释义 |
▪ I. maund, n.1|mɔːnd|
Forms: 1 mond, 1, 5–9 mand, 5 mande, mawnde, 5–7 mawnd, maunde, 7 moane, 8 maand, 9 dial. maun, mawn, mound, 5– maund.
[OE. mand, mǫnd fem. = MDu., MLG. mande fem., masc. (Du. mand fem.), mod.G. dial. mand(e. The forms maund(e, mawnd(e, however, represent the OF. mande (mod.F. manne, dial. and techn. mande), adopted from Du. and LG.; it is uncertain whether the mand of some dialects represents the OE. word or the later adoption from OF.; as, however, the word has not been found in Eng. between the 11th and the 15th c., the latter supposition seems more plausible.]
1. A wicker or other woven basket having a handle or handles. Now only local, applied spec. in various districts to denote particular kinds of baskets (see quots. in E.D.D.).
c725Corpus Gloss. C 635 (Hessels) Coffinus, mand. c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xvi. 10 Hu moniᵹ monda [L. sportas]. c1050Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 370/19 Coffinos, manda. 1459Invent. in Paston Lett. I. 481 Item, ij. maundys. a1480Promp. Parv. 330/2 (MS. S.) Mawnd, skype, sportula. 1489Caxton Faytes of A. ii. xxxv. 152 Men may lete doune fro the walles certayn persones in grete maundes by nyght. 1535Coverdale Ecclus. xi. 30 Like as a partrich in a maunde, so is the hert of the proude. 1546Kirton-in-Lindsey Ch. Acc. in Antiquary Dec. (1888) 20 A mand for hully bred. 1597Shakes. Lover's Compl. 36 A thousand favours from a maund she drew Of amber, crystal, and of beaded jet. 1609N. F. Fruiterer's Secr. 13 There must be prouided great baskets, or (as some call them) Maunds, of quarters or halfe quarters. 1615Sandys Trav. 260 Sweete composures Of violets haue I for thee in maunds of Osiers. 1623R. Whitbourne Newfoundland 75 For pots and liuer Mands—li.000 18s. 0d. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 328 A Maund, A Basket, or rather a hand-basket with two lids to carry on ones Arm. 1678H. More Postscr. in Glanvill's Sadducismus (1681) 46 Her own short Cloak, which she used with her maund under her arm to ride to Fairs or Markets in. 1721Perry Daggenham Breach 16 Great Maands, or Baskets, filled with Chalk. 1824Hitchins & Drew Hist. Cornw. II. 471 The pilchards..are invariably carried by men..in large maunds. 1864Blackmore Clara Vaughan (1872) 114 After carrying into the kitchen the mighty maun. 1888W. H. H. Rogers Mem. of the West xiii. 275 A great maund of cabbages..fills up the body of the little vehicle.
b. The contents of a ‘maund’; a basketful.
1869Blackmore Lorna D. viii, I will bring you such a maun of things. Ibid. lxviii, As fine a maund as need be of provisions, and money, and other comfort.
2. A measure of capacity varying with the locality and the commodity to be measured. Now dial.
1545Rates Custom-Ho. a v, Bokes vnbounde the basket or maunde iiiil. Ibid. c viij, Trenchers the maunde or baskete xx.s. 1583Ibid. F iv b, Glouers clippings the maund or fat. 1660Act 12 Chas. II, c. 4 Sched. s.v. Books, Bookes unbound—the basket or maund, containing 8 bales or 2 fats. 1674S. Jeake Arith. Surv. (1696) 66 If the Fish be small; the Maund or Moane, holdeth about a Gallon. 1714Fr. Bk. Rates 38 Coal Stone per Maund 00 04. 1727Switzer Pract. Gard. iii. xxx. 154 They sell them [artichokes] from two..to five shillings per maund, that does not hold above a dozen. 1833J. Bennett Artificer's Lex. 229 Maund, of unbound books, is 6 bales of each 1000 lbs. weight. 1884West. Morn. News 4 Sept. 4/5 Thirty trawlers landed from 4 to 15 maunds of common fish per sloop.
3. dial. A utensil for moving grain in a barn or granary. hop-maund, a vessel used in breweries.
1844Stephens Bk. Farm II. 283 Wechts or maunds for taking up corn are made either of wood or of skin, attached to a rim of wood. 1868Gloss. Sussex Words in Hurst Horsham (1889), Hop-mand.
4. attrib. and Comb., as maund basket, maund form, maund-maker, maund-woman.
c1481Caxton Dialogues 38/19 Ghyselin the mande maker Hath sold his vannes. 1551Recorde Cast. Knowl. (1556) 147 This forme maye be called maundforme, or bellforme, bicause it is like a maunde basket, or a bell. 1678H. More Postscr. in Glanvill's Sadducismus (1681) 47 A Maund⁓womans Cloak. 1843Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. IV. ii. 581 In stacking the oats, I have a maun-basket drawn up the middle.
▪ II. ‖ maund, n.2|mɔːnd|
Forms: 6 mao, mana, 7 maune, mahan, mawn(d, maon, mein, 7, 9 man, 8 maun, 7– maund.
[English pronunciation of Hindī and Persian man.
According to Yule, ultimately from the Accadian mana, whence also the Gr. µνᾶ, the L. mina, and the Heb. maneh. The early form mao is from a Portuguese source, the word having been, by a natural sound-substitution, adopted in Pg. as mão |mãu|, homophonous with the Pg. word for ‘hand’.]
1. A denomination of weight current in India and Western Asia, varying greatly in value according to locality. The standard maund of the Indian empire was = 100 lbs. troy, or 822/7 lbs. avoirdupois.
In India the past and present local values of the maund range from under 19 lbs. to over 163 lbs. avoirdupois. In Persia the maund of Tabriz is nearly 7 lbs., the ‘royal maund’ (man shāhī) is twice that weight.
1584W. Barret in Hakluyt Voy. (1599) II. i. 271 A Mana of Babylon is of Aleppo 1 roue 5 ounces and a halfe: and 68 manas and three seuenth parts, make a quintall of Aleppo, which is 494 li. 8 ounces of London. 1598W. Phillip Linschoten i. xxxv. 69 They [of Goa] haue likewise another wayght called Mao, which is a Hand, and is twelue pounds. 1611H. Middleton in Purchas Pilgrims I. 270 Each maund being three and thirtie pound English weight. 1614W. Hawkins in Purchas Pilgrimage v. xvii. (ed. 2) 545 Which..amounted to threescore maunes in gold, euery maune is fiue and fiftie pound weight. 1625Purchas Pilgrims I. 524 The weights [of Persia] differ in diuers places: two Mahans of Tauris make one of Spahan. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 65 A Mawnd is six pounds. 1665Phil. Trans. I. 104 They now sell us a Maon of 6 pounds for two Rupias. 1678J. Phillips tr. Tavernier's Trav. ii. ii. 128 It [indigo] is sold by the mein which contains.. 513/4 of our pounds. 1681Fryer Acc. E. India & P. iv. vii. (1698) 205 The Surat Maund..is 40 Sear, of 20 Pice the Sear which is 37l. The Maund Pucka at Agra is double as much. 1687Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. ii. 89 The Man of Ispahan is a weight of twelve pounds. 1788Trans. Soc. Arts VI. 124 At the rate of twelve Rupees a Maund of nearly eighty-two pounds avoirdupois. 1863Fawcett Pol. Econ. i. v. 72 Four rupees per maund, of 83 lbs. 1909Chambers's Jrnl. Oct. 665/2 The import of dyeing materials into Kashmir in one year was: Indigo, fourteen maunds, or one thousand one hundred and twenty pounds. 1955Times 12 May 12/5 Throughout the Himalaya the unit of weight for barter is the load a man can carry—a maund, or 80 pounds. 1969Commerce (Bombay) 26 July 188/1 Raw jute arrivals in the last week remained static at the previous level of 30,000 maunds a day. 1972Nat. Geographic Oct. 532/2, I harvested about 33 maunds an acre. At a fraction more than 82 pounds to the maund that is roughly 2,700 pounds. 1975Bangladesh Observer 21 July 7/3 On July 4 Bangladesh Rifles personnel chased an alleged smuggler near the border, but he fled away leaving one maund thirty seers of fertilizer.
2. As a liquid measure: see quot.
1875Bedford Sailor's Pocket Bk. ix. (ed. 2) 323 Liquid measure. Maund = 8 Palli = 9.81 British Imperial Gallons.
▪ III. † maund, n.3 Cant. Obs.
Also mawnd.
[f. maund v.1]
Begging. Also, with prefixed word: A begging imposture of a specified kind.
1610Rowlands Martin Mark-all E 3, What maund doe you beake, what kind of begging vse you? Ile myll your maund, Ile spoyle your begging. a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Footman's Mawnd, an artificial Sore made with unslack'd Lime, Soap and the Rust of old Iron, on the Back of a Begger's hand, as if hurt by the bite or kick of a Horse. Ibid., Rum-mawn'd, one that Counterfeits himself a Fool. Ibid., Souldiers-Mawn'd, a Counterfeit Sore or Wound in the Left Arm. 1785Grose Dict. Vulg. Tongue, Mason's mawnd, a sham sore above the elbow, to counterfeit a broken arm, by a fall from a scaffold.
▪ IV. † maund, v.1 Cant. Obs.
[Of obscure origin: possible sources are F. mendier and quémander to beg. Cf. also Romany mang in the same sense.]
trans. and intr. To beg. to maund it, ‘to go a begging’.
1567Harman Caveat (1869) 84 To maunde, to aske or requyre. Ibid. 85 Yander is the kene, dup the gygger, and maund that is bene shyp. Ibid. 86. 1608 Dekker Lanth. & Candlelight B 2, The Ruffin cly the nab of the Harman beck, If we mawnd Pannam, lap, or Ruff-peck, Or poplars of yarum. 1610Rowlands Martin Mark-all E 2, He maunds Abram, he begs as a madde man. 1618B. Holyday Technogamia ii. vi, Wee had rather Mawnd then Mill to keepe vs from Trining. 1622Fletcher Beggar's Bush ii. i, You must hereafter maund on your own pads, he saies. 1641Brome Joviall Crew iii. Wks. 1873 III. 395 Let me hear how you can Maund when you meet with Passengers. a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Maund-ing, to Beg, Begging. 1720Pennecuik Streams Helicon 67 Ilk an must maund on his awn Pad. 1791–1823 [see quot. s.v. maunding vbl. n.].
▪ V. † maund, v.2 Obs. rare—1.
[f. maund n.1]
trans. To pack in a ‘maund’ or basket.
1609N. F. Fruiterer's Secr. 16 How to packe or maunde apples.
▪ VI. maund(e
variants of mand v. Obs.
1578Whetstone 2nd Pt. Promos & Cass. iv. ii, The King maunded him her strayght to marry.
▪ VII. maund, maunday
obs. ff. mound, maundy. |