| 释义 |
maquis|ˈmɑːkiː|
Also macquis, (erron.) maqui.
[Fr., ‘brushwood, scrub’, ad. Corsican It. macchia thicket, macchia, f. L. macula spot.]
1. The dense scrub characteristic of certain Mediterranean coastal regions, esp. in Corsica, often used as a refuge by fugitives. Also applied to similar areas of scrub or brushwood elsewhere.
1858T. Forester Rambles Corsica & Sardinia viii. 65 There are also..several lagoons on the coast, of which the Stagna di Biguglia, near which we turned off into the maquis, is the largest. 1900‘H. S. Merriman’ Isle of Unrest xxii. 246 It is..usual for a man to take to the macquis the moment that he finds himself involved in some trouble. 1906Conrad Mirror of Sea xlii. 259 Dominic's brother had to go into the maquis, into the bush on the wild mountain-side. 1913A. Huxley Let. 30 July (1969) 52 The maquis..is thicker than anything I've ever seen before, oak, hazel, maple, wild cherry and a pine or two in the more open spaces. 1923Nature 24 Feb. 268/2 These types of vegetation, like the Mediterranean ‘maqui’, develop in regions of winter rains and long dry summers. 1932Forestry VI. 173 The nature of the undergrowth—dense shrubby maquis. 1945G. Millar Maquis xi. 226 Boulaya met us with a long face in the Maquis. 1957J. Braine Room at Top xv. 136 The village ends abruptly..beyond it is nothing but the moors..and a solitary farm⁓house a mile west. That too has a military air; the moors are Gilden's maquis and behind its walls are planned the sudden raid..the ambush. 1966J. Berrisford Wild Garden 167 The Jerusalem Sage..may be used to form a ground-smothering maquis in conjunction with cistuses, lavenders, rosemary and other sun-loving shrubs. 1973Daily Tel. 13 Oct. 9/6 We were..standing in a hillside garden in the Alpes Maritimes. Around us spread the maquis for unending miles. 1975Islander (Victoria, B.C.) 9 Feb. 5/2 Most of the vegetation [in Corsica] is not forest as we know it..but a tangled growth called maquis.
2. transf. A secret army of patriots in France during the German occupation in the war of 1939–45, so named from their being conceived as hiding in country of this kind; also, a member of this army. Also in extended use (applied to similar groups) and attrib.
1944Ann. Reg. 1943 230 The patriots of the ‘maquis’ fought with admirable courage. 1944New Statesman 27 May 346/2 The Italian Maquis, whose guerrilla operations..are now being co-ordinated and encouraged by the Allied Command. 1944Hutchinson's Pict. Hist. War 12 Apr.–26 Sept. 523 (caption) Field-Marshal Montgomery stops his car to have a word with a Maquis guard. 1945W. S. Churchill Victory (1946) 7 The tributes which are paid to the heroic French or Belgian Maquis. 1951N. Annan Leslie Stephen iv. 160 Victorian thinkers..appeared to be unaware of the spiritual maquis burrowing underground in Europe. 1965B. Sweet-Escott Baker St. Irreg. vii. 205 If it had still been considered important to raise a maquis in Hungary, it might well have been worth exploring. 1966M. R. D. Foot SOE in France xi. 365 A large group of maquis known to exist in the Auvergne mountains.
3. attrib. and Comb.
1937Brit. Birds Sept. 98 Small parties were seen..flying about the maquis-covered slopes. 1944Times 24 Apr. 5/6 The maquis country is usually thought of as confined to Haute-Savoie. It is in fact much more extensive. 1971Homes & Gardens Sept. 89/1 Panoramic vistas of maquis-covered foothills merging into the stark blue inland peaks of over 2,500 feet. 1974J. Thomson Long Revenge ii. 22 The Maquis radio operator..contacted us.
Hence maquisard |mɑːkiːˈzɑː(r)|, a member of the maquis. Also transf. and attrib.
1944Times 24 Apr. 5/7 Often enough the maquisards have had to fight against heavy odds... Today..the situation is better. Arms are reaching the maquis in growing volume. 1945G. Millar Maquis v. 85 The grey-headed Maquisard, a local railway worker in peace-time. 1959Economist 3 Jan. 23/2 He has always insisted that, except for a tiresome band of maquisards in the eastern extremity of the island [Cuba], everything was under control. 1963N. Freeling Gun before Butter ii. 103 During the war presumably, he had got acquainted with the border. Maquisard formation, doubtless. 1967‘E. Peters’ Black is Colour viii. 152 The moustache that would have done credit to a Corsican maquisard. 1973Times 18 Jan. 19/6 The German onslaught..was disastrous to the maquisards who stayed and fought. |