| 释义 |
mannerism|ˈmænərɪz(ə)m|
[f. manner n.1 + -ism. Cf. F. maniérisme (Littré Suppl.).]
a. Excessive or affected addiction to a distinctive manner or method of treatment, esp. in art and literature. spec. (freq. with capital initial) applied to a style of art which originated in Italy c 1520 and preceded the Baroque, characterized by stylistic exaggeration in figure and composition, etc.
Apart from the generalized use illustrated below, the term has been used (a) of the followers of Michelangelo, Raphael, etc., as Bronzino, Pontormo, the Zuccari, etc. (mainly a 19th-c. use), (b) from c 1920 under the influence of M. Dvořak and W. Friedländer applied without pejorative associations to Italian art, in particular, from c 1520 to c 1590. Sense (b) is first found in English in the 1930s.
1803Edin. Rev. II. 246 Mr. Stewart's style..has character without mannerism, or eccentricity. 1823D'Israeli Cur. Lit. Ser. ii. I. 39 Art..sinks into mannerism, and wantons into affectation. 1845A. Jameson Mem. Early Italian Painters II. vii. 203 Those faults which have rendered many of his [sc. Parmigiano's] works unpleasing, by giving the impression of effort, and of what in art is called mannerism. 1851tr. Kugler's Schools of Painting in Italy (ed. 2) II. v. ix. 469 Many of the painters in question would, fifty years earlier, have done great things; now they fell into repulsive mannerism. 1873Symonds Grk. Poets v. 152 At the time of Pindar poetry was sinking into mannerism. 1891tr. J. Adeline's Art Dict. 249 Mannerism may be defined as manner in a bad sense. Qualities of treatment which when moderately displayed mark individuality of style, when carried to excess and too often repeated degenerate into mannerism. 1937E. K. Waterhouse Baroque Painting in Rome 1 From 1535 until 1590 the history of painting in Rome is the history of Mannerism. 1940A. Blunt Artistic Theory in Italy 1450–1600 v. 76 Those, like Dolce and Aretino..unable to follow Michelangelo as he moved on into Mannerism. 1943Art Bulletin Mar. 87/2 The word mannerism..is currently used either to designate the period between the High Renaissance and the Baroque or else as a name for the anti-classical movement in sixteenth-century art. 1947D. Mahon Stud. Seicento Art & Theory 59 Though the relatively recent understanding of Mannerism as a quite different artistic language from Baroque has somewhat curtailed the original scope of the latter (involving the secession of such figures as Tintoretto and El Greco) the use of the expression Baroque as a general term in its widest sense (such as Gothic), seems to have come to stay. 1961J. D. Rosenberg Darkening Glass (1963) v. 88 What we study as Mannerism he [sc. Ruskin] dismissed as vapidity and affectation. 1962Listener 12 July 54/1 It is to move out of the serene and classical harmony of High Renaissance portraiture into the contrivance of the style that is known as Mannerism. 1965G. Shepherd in P. Sidney Apology for Poetry 66 In the history of the pictorial arts, Lommazo and Zuccaro are spoken of as theorists of a phase of late mannerism. 1972F. Garvie tr. Wundram's Art of Renaissance 42 Architecture in the age of Mannerism played a major part historically by overcoming the static in favor of the movemented.
b. An instance of this excessive or affected addiction; a habitual peculiarity of action, expression, artistic manipulation, etc., characteristic of a person; a ‘trick of manner’.
1819Coleridge in Lit. Rem. (1836) II. 378 Hints obiter are:—not..to permit beauties by repetition to become mannerisms. 1873Black Pr. Thule xi. 178 Her harsh way of saying things..is only a mannerism. 1893Times 29 Apr. 13/3 He has abandoned his mannerisms and been content to make a beautiful picture. |