| 释义 |
▪ I. manifest, n.|ˈmænɪfɛst|
[a. F. manifeste vbl. n., f. manifester to manifest. Cf. Sp. manifiesto, Pg., It. manifesto, of similar formation, though accidentally coinciding in form with the adj.]
1. gen. A manifestation, indication. Now rare.
1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. ii. viii. 119 He iudgeth that maner of swearing to be a manifest [L. argumentum] of manifest falling from his allegance. c1640J. Smyth Lives Berkeleys (1883) I. 38 For restoring due honor to the dust of this Lord Robert, I present his posteritye with theis tuelue manifests thereof. 1650H. Brooke Conserv. Health 230 To give some manifest of a desire of good to the person we are angry withal. 1883E. C. Stedman in Century Mag. XXV. 873 Such a writer must be judged by..his books;..the parol evidence of no associate can weigh against his written manifest for an instant.
2. A public proclamation or declaration; an open statement; a manifesto.
1618Decl. Demeanour Raleigh 1 But for Actions, that are built vpon sure and solide grounds (such as his Maiesties are), it belongeth to them, to bee published by open manifests. 1641Chas. I, Sp. in Rushw. Hist. Coll. iii. (1692) I. 308 My Nephew, the Prince Elector Palatine..hath desired me..to make a Manifest in my Name. 1667Waterhouse Fire Lond. 126 His Proclamations and Manifests against Prophaneness. 1670Cotton Espernon i. ii. 75 There was printed a Manifest, subscrib'd by the Cardinal of Bourbon, as Head of the League. 1693Dryden Iliad i. 473 But you, authentick Witnesses I bring, Of this my Manifest: That never more This Hand shall combate on the crooked Shore. 1739Col. Rec. Pennsylv. IV. 382 After having laid the Queen's Manifest before the Assembly, declaring her Designs against Canada. 1752Carte Hist. Eng. III. App. 820 Murray and the others..publishing manifests to alarm the nation..were driven..out of the kingdom. 1915A. Huxley Let. Dec. (1969) 87 Meanwhile all is forgiven and forgotten if you subscribe to the Palatine..vide multicoloured manifest thus conceived, which you had better distribute. 1922Glasgow Herald 12 Apr. 11 The annexation itself had been proclaimed by a personal manifest of the Emperor King.
3. The list of a ship's cargo, signed by the master, for the information and use of officers of Customs. Also, a similar list of freight or passengers carried by a train or aeroplane; hence a fast freight train (chiefly U.S.). Also transf.
1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), A Manifest (in Traffick), a Draught of a Master of a Ship's Cargo, shewing what is due to him for Fraight from every Person, to whom the Goods in his Ship belong. c1744in Hanway Trav. (1762) I. v. lxxi. 327 The said commander..shall..make oath, that such..goods..were..put on board..as in the said certificate or manifest is mentioned. 1800Colquhoun Comm. Thames xiv. 399 No Goods shall be imported..unless the Master of the Vessel has on board a Manifest signed by himself, containing the names of all the Ports [etc.]. 1869‘Mark Twain’ in Buffalo Express 21 Aug. 1/3 The doctor is not done taking inventory. He will make out my manifest this evening. 1872in I. M. Tarbell Hist. Standard Oil Co. (1904) I. 286 The party..covenants and agrees..to make manifests or way-bills of all petroleum or its products, transported over any portion of the railroads. 1884Manch. Exam. 21 Mar. 4/6 If the..quantities turned out differ from the manifest by one half package, the merchant is fined, the ship and its cargo confiscated. 1873Act 36 & 37 Vict. c. 88 Sched. I, Such rice..not being entered on the manifest as part of the cargo. 1929Amer. Speech IV. 342 Manifest, a fast merchandise freight train. 1931G. Irwin Amer. Tramp & Underworld Slang 127 Manifest, a fast freight train, from the ‘manifest’ of the goods carried. 1934Amer. Ballads & Folk Songs 24 The manifest freight Pulled out on the stem behind the mail. 1936Mencken Amer. Lang. (ed. 4) 582 A fast freight is a manifest or red-ball. 1956W. A. Heflin U.S. Air Force Dict. 315/1 Manifest, a document that lists in detail the passengers or other items carried in one aircraft for a specific destination. 1959R. Collier City that wouldn't Die ix. 143 Watching Schied initial the bomb manifest and hand it down to the chief armourer. 1969Jane's Freight Containers 1968–69 128/1 Daily containers move in expedited Piggy-back trains and transcontinental manifest trains. 1971Sunday Australian 8 Aug. 11/2 He came to my office with..samples of passenger manifests.
▪ II. manifest, a.|ˈmænɪfɛst|
[ad. L. manifestus, earlier manufestus, believed to be f. manu-s hand + *festus struck (cf. infestus dangerous), f. root found in of-fendĕre, de-fendĕre. The primary sense would thus be ‘palpable’. Cf. F. manifeste, Sp. manifiesto, Pg., It. manifesto.]
1. a. Clearly revealed to the eye, mind, or judgement; open to view or comprehension; obvious.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. iii. pr. x. 72 (Camb. MS.) Thanne is it manyfest and opyn þat by the getynge of diuinite men ben maked blysful. c1450Holland Howlat 255 It neidis nocht to renewe all myn vnhele, Sen it was menit to ȝour mynd, and maid manifest. 1535Coverdale 1 Esdras ii. 18 Be it knowne and manifest to our lorde the kynge, that the Iewes..begynne to buylde it [the city] agayne. 1555in Hakluyt Voy. I. 262 The better and also manifester testification of the trueth. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 458 b, Three manyfest lyes about one poore platter. 1611Bible John ix. 3 That the works of God should be made manifest in him. 1671Milton Samson 997 She's gone, a manifest Serpent by her sting. 1711Steele Spect. No. 71 ⁋10 The contrary is so manifest, that I cannot think you in earnest. 1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 179 A Gum that is..glewy in the Mouth, without manifest Taste. 1837Goring & Pritchard Microgr. 181 It is a manifest and visible error. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. iii. 26 In many places..the mass showed manifest signs of lateral pressure. 1867F. W. H. Myers St. Paul 10 Rise and be manifest, o Morning Star!
b. Pol. manifest destiny (often written with capital initials). ‘The doctrine of the inevitability of Anglo-Saxon supremacy. A phrase used by those who believed it was the destiny of the United States or of the Anglo-Saxon race to govern the entire Western Hemisphere’ (D.A.E.). Also transf. U.S.
1845J. O'Sullivan in U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. July & Aug. 5 Our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions. 1856Spirit of Times 13 Dec. 235/2 He was a ‘manifest destiny’ man. 1858Economist 6 Feb. 139/2 What reasons can be shown for the manifest destiny to whip Africans which do not apply with equal force to prove the manifest destiny to subdue half-caste Spaniards into conformity with their will? 1867J. R. Lowell Biglow Papers 2nd Ser. p. vii, The incarnation of ‘Manifest Destiny’, in other words, of national recklessness as to right or wrong. 1927J. W. Pratt in Amer. Hist. Rev. XXXII. 795 One can hardly read a work on the history of the United States in the two decades before the Civil War without meeting the phrase ‘manifest destiny’, widely used as a convenient statement of the philosophy of territorial expansion in that period. 1959Listener 18 June 1048/2 The long and stern struggle by which Canada had maintained its separateness against American ‘Manifest Destiny’.
c. Sociol. manifest function. (See quots.)
1949R. K. Merton Social Theory i. i. 51 Manifest functions are those objective consequences contributing to the adjustment or adaptation of the system which are intended and recognised by participants in the system; Latent functions, correlatively, being those which are neither intended nor recognised. 1957M. Banton W. Afr. City ix. 168, I shall describe..how the companies fulfil their explicit functions of providing mutual aid and entertainment—what R. K. Merton has termed the manifest functions.
†2. Having evident signs of; evidently possessed of or guilty of. [After the Latin construction with genitive.] Obs.
1681Dryden Abs. & Achit. i. 204 Now, manifest of crimes contrived long since, He stood a bold defiance with his Prince. 1700― Pal. & Arc. ii. 623 Calisto there stood manifest of shame. 1725Pope Odyss. i. 277 Thus manifest of right, I build my claim Sure-founded on a fair Maternal fame.
†3. As adv. = manifestly. Obs.
c1391Chaucer Astrol. ii. §26 The excellence of the spere solide, amonges other noble conclusiouns, shewyth Manifeste the diuerse assenciouns of signes in diuerse places.
▪ III. manifest, v.|ˈmænɪfɛst|
Also 5 ma(g)nyfest.
[ad. F. manifest-er, or L. manifest-āre, f. manifest-us (see prec.). Cf. Sp., Pg. manifestar, It. manifestare.]
1. trans. To make evident to the eye or to the understanding; to show plainly, disclose, reveal.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. ii. pr. vii. 44 (Camb. MS.), Thinken ye to manyfesten yowre renoun and don yowre name to ben born forth? 1483Caxton Cato E viij, The synnes ben ofte hydde for a tyme but afterward..they are knowen and manyfestyd. 1484― Fables of Alfonce xi. (1889) 281 The yonge man manyfested or descouered vnto her alle his courage and herte. 1508Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 73 To manifest my makdome to multitude of pepill. 1582N. T. (Rhem.) John ii. 11 He manifested [1611 manifested forth] his glorie. 1598Shakes. Merry W. iv. vi. 15 The mirth whereof so larded with my matter, That neither (singly) can be manifested Without the shew of both. 1602Marston Antonio's Rev. iv. iii, Who riseth up to manifest her guilt? 1611Bible 1 John iv. 9 In this was manifested the loue of God towards vs. 1622R. Hawkins Voy. S. Sea (1847) 176 The sunnes rising manifested unto us our errour. 1654Bramhall Just Vind. iii. (1661) 31 Whether the Act..were operative or declarative, creating new right, or manifesting or restoring old right. 1736Butler Anal. i. iii. Wks. 1874 I. 49 He manifests himself to us under the character of a righteous governor. 1841Myers Cath. Th. iv. §3. 188 Nature manifests itself to us only through our senses. 1875Manning Mission H. Ghost viii. 210 He created our souls to manifest the light of His image.
b. Of things: To be evidence of, prove, attest.
1508Dunbar Flyting 82 Thy frawart phisnomy Dois manifest thy malice to all men. 1607Shakes. Cor. ii. ii. 14 For Coriolanus neyther to care whether they loue, or hate him, manifests the true knowledge he ha's in their disposition. a1674Clarendon Surv. Leviath. (1676) 125 The instance he makes of a Princes subduing an other people..should manifest to him the contrary. 1804Abernethy Surg. Obs. 37 This remark is manifested by the present, as well as by many other cases in surgery.
c. with obj. a clause or accus. with inf., or † compl.
1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, iv. v. 105 Thy Life did manifest, thou lou'dst me not. 1643Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. i. §22 No man will be able to prove it, when, from the process of the Text, I can manifest it may be otherwise. 1659Pearson Creed (1839) 324 That it was actually so..the place itself will not manifest. 1667in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 269 Neither..bowles or boxe had any inscripcion, manifesting them to be the gift of any p'ticular p'son. c1680Beveridge Serm. (1729) I. 476 It is by this chiefly that we manifest ourselves to be christians. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 326/2 The Triangle will presently manifest whether the place be higher or lower than your Eye. 1711Steele Spect. No. 153 ⁋4 It is thus in the Life of a Man of Sense, a short Life is sufficient to manifest himself a Man of Honour and Virtue. 1756P. Browne Jamaica 97, I have not yet seen the capsulæ of this plant, and place it here only from the habit, which seems to manifest it of this tribe.
†2. To expound, unfold, clear up (a matter).
1530Palsgr. 632/2, I manyfest, I make a thyng clere or open... It is nat for all men to manyfest this mater. 1629S'hertogenbosh 5 They..manifested their Cause also vnto the Burgers of the Brabandish head Towns. 1669Gale Crt. Gentiles 1. iii. x. 108 An oration, if it does not manifest the mater, loseth its designe.
3. a. To display (a quality, condition, feeling, etc.) by one's action or behaviour; to give evidence of possessing, reveal the presence of, evince.
1567Satir. Poems Reform. xiv. 67 He Abrahamis Faith, but feir, profest; He Dauidis mercy manifest. 1664Power Exp. Philos. ii. 103 A large Bladder, full blown, will weigh more then itself emptied, and manifest this inequality upon a ticklish pair of scales. 1782Cowper Friendship 112 They manifest their whole life through The needle's deviations too, Their love is so precarious. 1801Med. Jrnl. V. 436 No influence, during that time, was manifested by the medicine. 1814Cary Dante, Par. ix. 18 The eyes Of Beatrice..manifested forth Approval of my wish. 1825Lytton Zicci 8 Glyndon had also manifested a graceful faculty for verse. 1847Grote Greece ii. xl. (1862) III. 434 The Medes..manifested great personal bravery. 1853Bright Sp., India 3 June (1876) 2 When the noble Lord made that announcement, considerable dissatisfaction was manifested on both sides of the House.
b. refl. Of a thing: To reveal itself as existing or operative. Similarly in pass.
1808Med. Jrnl. XIX. 137 No tendency, in general, to dysentery, manifested itself at this time. 1871B. Stewart Heat (ed. 2) §303 This heat..does not as a rule manifest itself by producing any increase of temperature. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xx. 142 A strong polar action was manifested at many points of the surrounding rocks. 1876J. S. Bristowe Th. & Pract. Med. (1878) 151 The first symptoms are said to have manifested themselves on the seventh or eighth day.
4. To record or enumerate in a ship's manifest.
1541Act 33 Hen. VIII, c. 7 The double value of the saide mettall so declared and manifested. 1860Merc. Marine Mag. VII. 120 Should a Captain manifest more packages than there are on board the ship,..he shall pay on each package so manifested. 1902Daily Chron. 6 June 5/2 Every passenger is ‘manifested’ at the point of departure and various particulars about him set out.
5. intr. To make a ‘manifestation’ or public expression of opinion.
1898Daily News 21 Feb. 5/6 In this astonishing country a gentleman of repute chooses his own time for going to prison, and is aided by the courtesy of the authorities in manifesting against the Court which condemned him. Ibid. 26 Sept. 4/4 Public opinion in France manifests entirely in the opposite direction. 1899Ibid. 12 June 7/5 The object of the occupants being to manifest there for Loubet.
6. Spiritualism. Of a ghost or spirit (refl. and intr.): To reveal its presence, make an appearance.
1858Hawthorne Fr. & It. Note-Bks. (1871) II. 171 Other séances were held in her bed-chamber, at which good and holy spirits manifested themselves. 1898Daily News 29 Mar. 6/1 A certain ‘Dr. Phinuit’, who, however, for some time has not manifested at all. 1900Westm. Gaz. 22 Dec. 2/2 She locks the skeleton up in the cupboard, and immediately the ghost manifests with renewed vigour.
7. Hist. In Spanish law, to protect (a person) by a ‘manifestation’. (See manifestation 4.)
1818Hallam Mid. Ages iv. (1868) 279 ‘To manifest any one’, says the writer so often quoted [viz. Zurita], ‘is to wrest him from the hands of the royal officers that he may not suffer any illegal violence.’ Ibid. 280 note [tr. Zurita], In such cases only the Justiciary of Aragon, when recourse is had to him, interposes by manifesting the person arrested. |