| 释义 |
younger, a. (n.)|ˈjʌŋgə(r)|
Forms: 1 ᵹingra, ᵹyngra, ᵹeongra, 3 ȝeong(e)re, ȝengere, ȝ(e)unger, ȝungre (Orm. ȝunngre), yungre, ȝongor(e, 3–4 ȝongere, 3–5 ȝungar, (6 Sc.) ȝonger, 4 yunger, 4–6 yongar, Sc. ȝongar(e, 4–7 yonger, 5 ȝongir(e, ȝungir, yungur, 5–6 yongur, 6 Sc. ȝoungar, youngar, yonngar(e, 7 Sc. ȝonnegar, 6– younger.
[f. young a. + -er3. (The normal mutated OE. comp. ᵹingra, ᵹyngra did not survive.)]
A. adj. The comparative degree of young a.; opposed to elder a., older.
1. a. In senses 1 and 3 of young: Of less age; that has lived a shorter time; more youthful (in years, or fig. in disposition, etc.).
c930–40Laws æthelstan vi. xii. §1 Cwæð þa þæt him þuhte..þæt man nænne ᵹingran mann ne sloᵹe þonne xv wintre man. c1000Ags. Ps. (Spelman) xxxvi. 26 [xxxvii. 25] Ᵹyngra [v.rr. ᵹeongra, ᵹongre] ic wæs, witendlice ic ealdode. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 8753 Hit ne likede noþing wel Roberd courtehese Þoru is ȝongore broþer so engelond to lese. a1300Cursor M. 3493 Iacob hight þe yonger broþer. 1390Gower Conf. II. 308 Fedra hire yonger Soster. a1400–50Wars Alex. 1474 Athils of all age eldire & ȝongire. 1523–34Fitzherb. Husb. §23 The yonger and the grener that the grasse is, the softer and the sweter it wyll be. c1600G. Harvey Marginalia (1913) App. ii. 232 The younger sort takes much delight in Shakespeares Venus, & Adonis. c1626Dicke of Devon. iv. i. in Bullen Old Pl. (1883) II. 62 All younger brothers Must sitt beneath the salt & take what dishes The elder shoves downe to them. 1678Wanley Wond. Lit. World i. xxxii. 52 They are proverbially said to have eaten a snake, who look younger than accustomed. 1718Pope Let. to Lady M. W. Montagu 1 Sept., I shall look upon you as so many years younger than you was, so much nearer innocence. 1838Lytton Alice ix. ii, Evelyn was younger than her years! 1844R. Monckton Milnes Let. to C. F. MacCarthy 1 July, Sir F. Doyle is going to marry the younger Miss Wynn. 1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 484 The younger brother may not marry the elder brother's widows.
(b) younger generation, the next or rising generation, seen in contrast to the current one or one's own.
1896G. B. Shaw Our Theatres in Nineties (1932) II. 289 A fine young woman in rational dress who..treads the boards with no little authority and assurance as one of the younger generation knocking vigorously at the door. 1914L. Woolf Wise Virgins iv. 93 ‘Most lakes..are repulsive,’ ejaculated Harry. ‘Ah,’ said Mr. Macausland tolerantly, ‘there spoke the younger generation.’ 1931R. Campbell Georgiad i. 25 Writers of the younger generation. 1939T. S. Eliot Family Reunion i. i. 14 The younger generation Are undoubtedly decadent. 1976‘J. Fraser’ Who steals my Name? ii. 22 Mr. Cedric was a member of the younger generation.
b. Used after a person's name for distinction from an older person of the same name; = junior 1. Chiefly Sc.
esp. in the titles of Scottish heirs.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints ii. (Paulus) 1138 Iustine yungre. c1460Oseney Reg. 84 Aleyne Romely þe yongur. 1529Reg. Privy Seal Scot. 62/2 Umquhill Johnne Culquhone, eldar, and Johnne Culquhone, zounger. 1567in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials in Scotland (1833) I. ii. 496 (heading) Deposition by John Hay, ȝounger of Tallo. 1627Hakewill Apol. (1630) 163 Tobias the Elder lived to one hundred fifty and eight, the yonger to one hundred twenty seven. 1684Procl. in Wodrow Hist. Suff. Ch. Scot. (1722) II. App. 109 John Baxters elder and younger, Tenants to Robert Campbel. 1734Parish Reg. Forres 23 Feb. (MS.), Witnesses Alexander Dunbar younger and Elder of Boath. 1815Scott Guy M. xli, Charles Hazlewood, younger of Hazlewood. 1982Who's Who 1425/2 Hugh Magnus Macleod, younger of Macleod.
†c. youngerman: see quot. and yeoman etym.
Cf. MLG. jungerman, newly elected judge or counsellor, newly admitted member of a guild.
c1185Pseudo-Cnut De Foresta ii. (Liebermann) 620 Sintque sub quolibet horum [primariorum] quatuor ex mediocribus hominibus, quos Angli læssþegenes nuncupant, Dani uero yongermen uocant.
2. transf. in sense 2 of young: Belonging to the earlier part of life; earlier. Now only in younger days.
1578Reg. Privy Council Scot. Ser. i. II. 707 Gude will schawin unto him in his youngar aige. 1605Shakes. Lear i. i. 41 (Qo. 1) To shake all cares and busines of our state, Confirming them on yonger yeares. 1676Glanvill Ess. Philos. & Relig. iii. 52 They [sc. the Peripatetick Disputers] imployed their Younger Studies upon the Philosophy of Disputation. 1741Watts Improv,. Mind i. xvii. §8 Whether in their chamber, parlour or study, in the younger or elder years of life. 1827Lytton Pelham lxi, He had been an old votary of the turf in his younger days.
3. a. In senses 4 and 5 of young: More lately initiated, begun, introduced, etc.; having less experience or practice; that is in an earlier stage; less advanced; later, more recent.
1593G. Harvey Pierce's Super. 122 Thou art young in yeares, I suppose: but younger in enterprise, I am assured. 1609Bp. Hall Disswas. Poperie Wks. (1625) 614 If there be any point of our Religion yonger than the Patriarchs, and Prophets. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacræ i. iii. §10 We have made it evident, that these two great historians are younger even then the translation of the Bible into Greek. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Younger Regiment or Officer, in Military Affairs, that Regiment is counted Youngest, which was last rais'd, and that Officer youngest, whose Commission is of the latest Date. 1794J. Boys Agric. Kent 58 The second year after planting [hops], full size poles..are placed to the hills instead of the seconds, which are removed to younger grounds. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. iii. I. 340 Younger towns, towns which are rarely or never mentioned in our early history and which sent no representatives to our early parliaments. 1854Murchison Siluria i. 13 The Silurian rocks of the Ural chain are succeeded by younger palæozoic deposits. 1874Sayce Compar. Philol. ii. 60 The younger the science, the smaller will be the amount of known facts. 1915Daily Tel. 5 May 2/3 The directors decided not to commence tapping on the younger [rubber] fields.
b. younger hand (in Card-playing): the second player in a two-handed game (opp. to elder hand, elder a. 4).
1744Hoyle Piquet iii. 28 If the younger-hand has one Ace dealt him, what are the Odds of his taking in one or two of the three remaining Aces?
B. absol. or as n.
1. absol. (usually, now always, with def. art.) in sing. or pl. sense; One who is, or those who are, younger. (Most commonly contrasted with elder.)
OE. ᵹingra (fem. ᵹingre) spec. = follower, disciple, vassal.
c900tr. Bæda's Hist. iii. v. (1890) 160 Se bisceop, betwih oþre lare mannum to lyfiᵹeanne, þa fæᵹerestan bysene his ᵹingrum forlet. a1000Cædmon's Gen. 291 Ne wille ic leng his ᵹeongra wurþan. c1200Moral Ode 326 (Trin. Coll. MS.) Ne muȝe we werien naðer ne wið þurst ne wið hunger..þe elder ne þe ȝeunger. c1205Lay. 3927 Þe king hauede tweie sunen..Þe ȝengere [c 1275 þe ȝeongre] hehte Poreus. Ibid. 9189 Wiðer wes þa ældere Aruiragun þe ȝungere [c 1275 ȝeongere]. a1225Ancr. R. 424 Nenne mon ne leten heo in ne þe ȝungre ne speke mid none monne bute leaue. a1300Cursor M. 2934 Þe elder to þe yonger spak. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 383 He þat is gratter of ȝow, loke þat he be made as ȝongar in sympilnes. c1400Apol. Loll. 2 Wan þe synne of þe heldar man drawiþ not be his ensaumple þe hertis of þe ȝungar in to deþ. 1526Tindale Rom. ix. 12 The elder shall serve the yonger. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Pref., Wks. (1653) 16 It is fit that the yonger obey the elder.
2. (In early use absol. without change in pl.; later as n. with pl. in -s.) With preceding possessive: (A person's) inferior in age: = junior B. b. Now rare.
c1200Ormin 13279 Þatt uss birrþ follȝhenn bliþeliȝ Þatt ure ȝunngre uss læreþþ, Ȝiff þatt iss þatt hiss lare iss god. 1493[H. Parker] Dives & Pauper (W. de W. 1496) i. xxxvi. 78/1 Than begyn they moost to dote and to teche theyr yonger many folyes. 1523[Coverdale] Old God (1534) R j, Suche thinges do theyr yongers here. a1540in T. West Antiq. Furness (1807) 157 They shall diligently instruct their juniors and yongers. 1595Southwell Image of Death 33 My youngers daily drop away, And can I think to 'scape alone? 1639Ld. Digby Lett. conc. Relig. (1651) 90 No false doctrine whatsoever can be admitted into the Church in any age, unless they of that age do unanimously conspire to deceive their children and yongers. 1742Young Nt. Th. iv. 22, I scarce can meet a monument, but holds My younger. 1836Going to Service viii. 87 [Lady's maid loq.] It is very mortifying to be obliged to one's youngers. 1872Tennyson Gareth & Lynette 1380 Answer'd Sir Gareth graciously to one Not many a moon his younger.
3. (As n. with pl. in -s.) A younger person: = junior B. (Chiefly, in later use only, in pl.; commonly contrasted with elder.)
c1449Pecock Repr. iii. iv. 302 He muste nedis meene that he allowith oon to be grettist among hem, and that he in sum other maner louȝe him as a ȝonger. 1551Robinson tr. More's Utopia ii. (1895) 164 To the intent that the sage grauitie..of the elders should kepe the yongers from wanton licence. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. ii. vi. 14 How like a yonger or a prodigall The skarfed barke puts from her natiue bay. 1658Osborn Queen Eliz. Ep. A 3 b, So have I a little wondred at Age, to finde it so tetchy, when Younger in years lay any claim to Knowledge. a1734North Lives (1826) III. 175 The two youngers [of the family] were also well placed. 1885Mozley Remin. I. xxiv. 138 In 1823 all we youngers were at a small farmhouse between Filey and Scarborough. 1894‘Edna Lyall’ To Right the Wrong v, He himself was one of the despised youngers of the family.
C. Comb., as younger-born; younger-brotherish, -sisterish adjs. (nonce-wds.), having the character of a younger brother or sister.
1530Palsgr. 291/2 Yongar borne, maisne. 1856Lever Martins of Cro' M. lxv, His preference for the younger-born. 1864C. M. Yonge Trial v, She is painfully meek and younger-sisterish. 1885Wingfield Barb. Philpot xii, To sell smiles to such a beggarly younger-brotherish runagate!
Hence ˈyoungerly a. (U.S. colloq.), somewhat young (opp. to elderly); ˈyoungership (rare), the condition of one who is younger, juniority.
1868Church Union 11 Jan. (Cent. Dict.), The life-blood of Christendom flows in the veins of her *youngerly men.
1611Cotgr., Iuveignerie, *youngership. 1898–9Ann. Rep. Bur. Amer. Ethnol. p. cxiii, The captive is thus doomed to perpetual youngership, if the term may be permitted—that is, to perpetual servitude. |