| 释义 |
▪ I. yon, dem. a. and pron. Now arch. and dial.|jɒn|
Forms: α. 1 ᵹeon, 4 ȝion, yoene, ȝhone, yhon(e, 4–5 yone, 4–6 ȝone, (6, 8 Sc.) ȝon, 5 yhonne, 6 yoen, (7–8 yon'), 4– yon. β. 5 ȝene, (6 ien), 6, 9 dial. yen, 9 dial. yin.
[OE. ᵹeon adj. (rare), corresp., with variation of vowel, to OFris. iêna, gêna (ienn-, inn-), WFris. jinge, OHG. jenêr, MHG., G. jener, also OHG., MHG. enêr, G. dial. ene(r, ON. enn, inn, hinn, def. art. (Sw., Da. hin), Goth. jains that. The Teut. bases underlying these forms, or other variants of them, are represented also in OHG. ennân, MHG. enne(n from there, hither, OHG. en(n)ônt, MHG. en(n)ent yonder, G. dial. jenntak, jennabend yesterday, Goth. jainar there; Du. and LG. show forms with initial guttural, viz. MDu. ghene, gone, göne (Du. gene) that, LG. gunnen that, there, gunsiet yonder. Related forms outside Teut. are recognized in Skr. ēna- 3rd pers. pron., anēna, anayā (instr.), that (one), OSlav. onŭ he, Lith. añs he. See also yond, yonder.
In OE. the only members of this family of words for which evidence is forthcoming are ᵹeon adj. and ᵹeond, ᵹeondan yond prep. (? orig. adv. like Goth. jaind), together with biᵹeonan (-ᵹinan, -ᵹenan) ‘trans’, beᵹeondan (Northumb. biᵹeanda, biᵹienda) beyond adv. and prep. From these the various parallel uses of yon, yond, and yonder have arisen through the extension to other members of applications originally appropriated to one of them.
The 17–18th cent. spelling of the word with an apostrophe (yon') indicates that it was regarded as short for yond.]
A. adj.
1. A demonstrative word used in concord with a n. to indicate a thing or person as (literally, or sometimes mentally) pointed out: cf. that dem. adj. 1. Formerly often, as still in some dialects, simply equivalent to that (those); but chiefly, and in later literary use almost always, referring to a visible object at a distance but within view: = ‘that (those){ddd}over there’.
αc897ælfred Gregory's Past. C. lviii. 443 Aris, & gong to ᵹeonre byrᵹ. a1300Cursor M. 654 Bot yhon tre cum þou nawight to, Þat standes in midward paradis. Ibid. 3027 Sco sceud abraham, ‘yon bastard Do him a-wai.’ 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xxi. 149 Patriarkes and prophetes þat in peyne liggen, Leyf hit neuere þat ȝon [v.rr. ȝeon, ȝone, ȝonde, ȝynen, ȝeond] lyght hem a-lofte brynge. a1400Northern Passion 9/70, I wyll weynd to ȝhone cyte. c1400Cursor M. 27684 (Cott. Galba) Ȝone man ledes His life in praiers and almus dedes. a1400–50Wars Alex. 498 Ȝone selfe dragon forsothe I saȝe with myne eȝen. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 7398 Knawes þou noȝt ȝone ȝonge man? 15..Sonnge Sir Andraye Barton xxii. in Surtees Misc. (1890) 70 ‘Fetch me yoen English dogs,’ he saide. 1621G. Sandys Ovid's Met. viii. (1626) 168 And to yon' hill Follow our steps. c1630Milton Sonn. i, O Nightingale, that on yon bloomy Spray Warbl'st at eeve. c1645Howell Lett. (1890) i. i. 62 When we have gain'd yon Maiden City. 1652Urquhart Jewel 189 Because of his being of this or this, or that, or yon, or of that other Religion. 1712Pope Vertumnus 100 The fair fruit that on yon' branches glows. 1766Goldsm. Hermit i, To where yon taper cheers the vale With hospitable ray. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xxx, I mind aye the drink o' milk ye gae me yon day. 1833H. Martineau Tale of Tyne i. 16, I must go somewhere away from yon great town. 1890W. A. Wallace Only a Sister? xxix, There's a man in yon brake listening to what we're a-saying.
βc1425Cast. Persev. 1765 in Macro Plays 129 All ȝene maydnys on ȝone playn. c1550Cheke Matt. xxvii. 64 We remember yt ien deceiver said, whil he was iet alijv. J wil rijs again after iij dais. 1583B. Melbancke Philot. Dd iij b, Seest thou not yen milke white pathe that crosse the welkin wendes? a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Yin, adj., yon.
2. the yon: the farther, the more distant: = yond a.1 1, yonder a. 1. local.
1700B.N.C. (Oxf.) Munim. 33. 15 (MS.) The yon acre in Bindffield. 1897Outing (U.S.) XXX. 384/1 We were told that Bill Ryder lived on the yon side of the mountain.
B. pron. (sing. or pl.) The adj. used absol., usually denoting a visible object (or objects) pointed out, at a distance but within view: = ‘that (or those) over there’; but sometimes simply = ‘that’ (or ‘those’): cf. A. 1. Now only Sc. and dial.
a1300Cursor M. 3358 (Cott.) Yon es mi lauerd ysaac, Yon es þi keiser sal be þin. 13..Ibid. 15919 (Gött.) ‘Yoene,’ he said, ‘es ane of his þat wid vs es in band.’ Ibid. 19700 (Edinb.) Na es noȝt ȝion He þat we saȝ þis ender dai Gain name of ihesu sua werrai? 1375Barbour Bruce xiv. 280 Ȝone ar gadering of the cuntre. c1470Henry Wallace iii. 123 Yhonne is Wallace, that chapit our presoune. c1480Henryson Test. Cress. 533 Quhat Lord is ȝone (quod scho)? 1533Bellenden Livy iv. ix. (S.T.S.) II. 79 Ȝone Is he þat has violate þe law of pepil. 1616Marlowe's Faustus xi, What strange beast is yon, that thrusts his head out at window? 1621G. Sandys Ovid's Met. viii. (1626) 165 What place Is yon', and of what name, that stands alone? a1704T. Brown Misc., Campaign iii. Wks. 1711 IV. 143 Now, now we are there; yon's the General's Tent. 1822Scott Peveril xl, Was yon the messenger? 1829Marryat Frank Mildmay xix, ‘D―n the dog that says yon of Jock Thompson,’ replied the Caledonian. 1895‘Ian Maclaren’ Brier Bush, Highl. Mystic i. 60 Yon were verra suitable words at the second table [i.e. at the Communion]. 1896Kipling Seven Seas, M'Andrews' Hymn 108 Yon's strain, hard strain, o' head an' hand.
▪ II. yon, dem. adv.
Forms: 5–6 ȝone, 7 yonn, 7– yon.
[See prec.]
a. = yond adv., yonder adv. Obs. exc. dial. and as in b.
c1475Rauf Coilȝear 706 In clais of clene gold, kythand ȝone cleir. c1500Lancelot 2826 Who is he ȝone? 1608Middleton Five Gallants ii. iii, Fulk. Where sir? Gold. Peepe yon sir vnder. 1622Wither Philarete B j b, Here, you might (through the water) see the land, Appeare,..Yonn, deeper was it. 1628― Brit. Rememb. 116 b, Yonn lay a heape of skulls. 1632Milton Penseroso 52 But..with thee bring, Him that yon soars on golden wing. 1896A. E. Housman Shropsh. Lad ix, And yon the gallows used to clank Fast by the four cross ways.
b. hither and yon: hither and thither, this way and that. orig. dial. Cf. yonder adv. 1 c.
1787Grose Prov. Gloss., Hither and yon, here and there, backwards and forwards. North. 1836Galt in Tait's Mag. III. 33 She swayed hither and yon, and was so coggly that I had fears of a catastrophe on the floor. 1883Century Mag. July 379/2 The bass dashed hither and yon at the end of his tether, but all the time working up-stream and toward the rod. 1903H. James Ambassadors ii. v. 53 What carried him hither and yon was an admirable theory that nothing he could do would not be in some manner related to what he fundamentally had on hand. 1939W. S. Maugham Christmas Holiday iv. 94 The wan characters of Chekov's stories drifted hither and yon at the breath of circumstance like dead leaves before the wind. 1963Bird & Hutton-Stott Veteran Motor-Car 52 Untidy chain or belt drives running hither and yon. 1978Nature 27 Apr. 768/2 It is inaccurate, full of fanciful and unilluminating analogies, infuriatingly unsystematic, and skims hither and yon over the surface of the subject.
▪ III. † yon, prep. Obs.
In 3 ȝeon, ȝen.
[See yon a.]
= yond prep. 1.
c1205Lay. 4401 To færen ȝeon þan eærde. Ibid. 6087 Þat me mihte hine bi-halden wide ȝeon þeon londe. Ibid. 6109 He seonde his sonde wide ȝen his londe.
▪ IV. † yon, v. Obs. rare.
[ad. early Du. gonnen, now gunnen, to favour, vouchsafe.]
trans. To wish.
1481Caxton Reynard xxvii. (Arb.) 66 He sawe there many of his kynne standyng which yonned hym but lytyl good. |