| 释义 |
▪ I. leek|liːk|
Forms: 1 léac, 3 lec, 3–5 lek, 4 lik, 4–6 leke, Sc. leik(e, (5 pl. lecus), 5–7 leeke, 6 like, 7 lieke, leake, 8 leak, 4– leek.
[OE. léac str. neut. = MDu. looc (Du. look) neut., OHG. louh (MHG. louch, mod.G. lauch) masc., ON. lauk-r (Sw. lök, Da. løg):—OTeut. *lauko-, whence Finnish laukka, OSl. lukŭ; no affinities outside Teut. are known.]
1. A culinary herb, Allium Porrum (family Liliaceæ), allied to the onion, but differing from it in having the bulbous part cylindrical and the leaves flat and broad.
c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 234 Gebeat þæt leac & þa rudan ᵹegnid togædere. c1265Voc. Plants in Wr.-Wülcker 555/7 Porius, poret, lek. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xl. (Ninian) 404 In þe ȝard [he] sone has sene caile & leikis faire & grene. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 291 Wiþ þe iuys of a strong oynoun, or wiþ ius of lekis. c1420Liber Cocorum (1862) 47 Grynd þy lecus in morter fre. 14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 710/23 Hic bilbus, a lekes hed. 1528Paynel Salerne's Regim. (1535) 31 a, Garlike, oynions, and also likes are nat holsome for temperate bodyes. 1597Gerarde Herbal i. lxxxvi. 138 The Leeke is hot and dry, and doth attenuate. 1656Cowley Pindar. Odes, Plagues Egypt i, But we, alas, the Flesh-pots love, We love the very Leeks and sordid roots below. 1722Lond. Gaz. No. 6043/2 All the Company wore Leeks in Honour to the Princess [of Wales]. 1807Crabbe Par. Reg. i. Wks. 1834 II. 148 The leek with crown globose and reedy stem. 1845Darwin Voy. Nat. xviii (1852) 428 A leek has over-run whole districts [in New Zealand]..; it was imported as a favour by a French vessel.
2. Applied with qualifications to:
a. Other species of Allium, as stone leek, the Welsh onion, A. fistulosum (Treas. Bot. 1866), formerly called holleke, q.v.; vine leek († leek of the vine), A. Ampeloprasum (Treas. Bot.); wild leek, A. ursinum; French leek (see French a. 5).
b. Bulbous plants of other genera, as † corn-leek (see quot. 1551); dog('s) leek, (see dog n. 20 d). Also crow-leek, house-leek.
1551Turner Herbal i. G v b, Bulbine..may be called in English Corne leeke or wyldeleeke. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. (1586) 60 The headed or sette Leeke..in Latine Capitatum. 1611Cotgr., Oignon sauvage..the wild field Onyon, Bulbine,..Corne Leeke. Ibid., Porreau de chien, Dogs Leeke, wild Leeke, French Leek, Leeke of the Vine. Porreau sectil, ou tondu, the cut Leeke, maidens Leeke, blade Leeke, vnset Leeke. Porreau testu, the headed or knobbed Leeke, set Leeke, vncut Leeke. 1853G. Johnston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. 198 Allium ursinum. Ramps: Wild Leeks. Moist woods and deans, abundant and gregarious. 1874C. Geikie Life in Woods xiii. 205 The wild leeks in the bushes.
†3. Taken as a type of something of little value. Also a leek's blade, a leek's clove (clove n.1 1).
13..Guy Warw. (A.) 3644 Bodi & soule no nouȝt þer-of No is nouȝt worþ a lekes clof. c1386Chaucer Merch. T. 106 Every man that holt him worth a leek. ― Can. Yeom. Prol. & T. 242. a 1400–50 Alexander 4228 Ȝour lare of a leke suld neuire þe les worth. c1460Towneley Myst. i. 129 Now, therof a leke what rekes vs? a1483Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 278 Thay were not of thayre entent the nere of a leke. 14..Childe of Bristowe 8 in Hazl. E.P.P. I. 111 The beste song that ever was made ys not worth a lekys blade, but men wol tende ther-tille. a1529Skelton Col. Cloute 183 They make her wynche and keke, But it is not worth a leke. 1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. iii. 515 And breaking Laws for Bribes, profane your Place, To leave a Leek to your unthankfull Race. c1600Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 1374, I knaw na liquor worth a leik To quench his deidlie drouth. a1800Willie's drowned in Gamery iii. in Child Ballads (1890) IV. 181/1, I dinna value their love a leek.
4. Proverbial and allusive phrases, referring to the colour of the leek, to its being the national emblem of the Welsh, etc. as clean as a leek (Sc.): perfectly, completely, entirely.
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. v. 65 As a leek that hedde i-leiȝen longe in the sonne, So loked he, with lene chekes lourede he foule. a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 212 Ful sad and caytif was she eek, And al-so grene as any leek. c1386― Reeve's Prol. 25 To have an hoor heed and a grene tayl, As hath a leek. 1401Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 43 A lewid frere that men callen frere Daw Topias, as lewid as a leke. c1430Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 7684 To his face she leid hir cheke She felt it cold as yse or leke. 1546,1589[see lark n.1 1 c]. 1575Gascoigne Dan Bartholmew Poems 1869 I. 137 His flecked cheekes, Nowe cherrye redde, nowe pale and greene as leekes. 1604Dekker Honest Wh. Wks. 1873 II. 103 Tho my head be like a Leeke, white: may not my heart be like the blade, greene? 1714Gay Sheph. Week, Monday 83 Leek to the Welch, to Dutchmen Butter's dear. 1719D'Urfey Pills (1872) III. 118 St. David, you know, loves Leeks and toasted Cheese. 1725Ramsay Gentle Sheph. i. i, For now, as clean's a leek, Ye've cherish'd me since ye began to speak.
b. to eat the (or one's) leek: to submit to humiliation under compulsion (in allusion to the Shakes. passage below).
1599Shakes. Hen. V, v. i. 10 Hee is come to me, and prings me pread and sault yesterday, looke you, and bid me eate my Leeke. 1835Disraeli Let. 20 Aug. in Corr. Sister (1886) 43 It was whispered the Whigs meant to swallow the Corporation leek. 1859All Year Round No. 29. 61 The Welshmen very humbly ate their leek. 1882Stevenson New Arab. Nts. (1884) 303 There was nothing for it but to obey... But it was a leek to eat, and there was no denying it.
†5. A cant term for a Welshman. Obs.
c1700Street Robberies Consider'd, Leake, Welshman. 1725New Cant. Dict., Leaks, Welshmen.
†6. (See quot.) Obs.
1688R. Holme Armoury ii. 172/2 The Porrum, or Leek of the Eye [in Cows] is a swelling tumor in the eye.
7. green-leek (parrot): see green a. 13 b.
8. attrib. and Comb., as leek-bed, leek-blade, leek-colour, leek-garth, leek-green n. and adj., leek-porridge, leek-pottage, leek-seed, leek-wort; † leek-head (see quot.).
14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 604/12 Porretarium, a *lekbed. 1573–80Baret Alv. L 285 A leeke bed, or a place set with lekes. 1886Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk., Leek-bed, it is usual in talking to children, when of an inquiring turn, to tell boys that they were dug up in the leek-bed.
1538Elyot Dict., Porraceus, of the coloure of *leeke blades.
1658Rowland Moufet's Theat. Ins. 990 Three feet and shanks on each side of a *leek colour.
1570Levins Manip. 34/12 Ye *Leekegarth, porretum.
1662Merrett tr. Neri's Art of Glass xxxii, A very fair Sea-green, called *Leek green. 1864R. F. Burton Dahome 58 A broad leek-green swamp. 1865Grote Plato I. i. 81 Blue, violet, leek-green, nut-brown.
1726Dict. Rust. (ed. 3), *Leek-Heads, a kind of Warts that come about a Horse's Pasterns and Pastern-joints.
1795Wolcot (P. Pindar) Lousiad iv. Wks. 1812 I. 281 *Leek-porridge, stir-about, we'll sooner want.
c1440Promp. Parv. 295/2 *Leek pottage porrata. 1781[C. Johnston] John Juniper II. ii. vii. 176 It will agree with the stomach of a Welshman as well as leek-pottage.
1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xiii. 190 Lynneseed and *lik-seed and lente-seedes alle Aren nouht so worthy as whete. 1528Paynel Salerne's Regim. (1535) 91 b, The..ieuse of henbane with the leke sede muste be bourned to gether.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 6999 It wolde finde hom lec & worten [v.rr. *lek worten, like worten, lekwort] inowe bi þe ȝere.
▪ II. leek(e
obs. form of leak, like. |