| 释义 |
▪ I. kevel, n.1 Now Sc. and north. dial.|ˈkɛv(ə)l|
Forms: 3–4, 9 kevel, (3 -il, 5 -yl), 5 -le, 6 kewle, 9 keevel, Sc. kewl.
[a. ON. kefli a round stick, small roller, gag (Norw. and Da. kjevle; cf. Sw. käfling), related to kafli a piece, bit of anything.]
1.
†a. A gag. Obs.
b. A bit or twitch for a horse's mouth.
a1300E.E. Psalter xxxi[i]. 9 In keuil and bridel þair chekes straite. c1300Havelok 547 A keuel of clutes..Þat he [ne] mouhte [MS. -the] speke, ne fnaste. c1440Promp. Parv. 274/1 Kevle, or kevyl, for hors, mordale, camus. 1570Levins Manip. 95/39 Kewle, postonis [read postomis]. 1825–80Jamison s.v., One who rides a horse,..when he brings the halter under the horse's jaws and makes it pass through his mouth, is said to put a kewl on.
2. A rounded piece of wood; a staff, cudgel.
1807C. Waugh Fisherman's Defence 41 The pocknet is knit upon a keevel from six to seven inches in circumference. 1836J. M. Wilson Tales Borders III. 304 Brandishing of flails and kevels showed they were determined to act.
▪ II. kevel, n.2|ˈkɛv(ə)l|
Forms: 4 kevile, kyvile, 7– kevel, 9 cavel, -il.
[a. ONF. keville (Godef. Compl) = Central F. cheville pin, peg, cheville.
The Fr. form chevil is given in sense 1 by Harris Lex. Techn. (1704), whence in Phillips (1706), Bailey, etc., but there is no independent evidence for it.]
†1. A pin or hasp for fastening anything; a tilepin. (Perh. not English.) Obs.
1251Liberate Roll 35 Hen. III, 2 July (P.R.O.), Per paviari capellam nostram et in eadem kiuellos ferri ad cathenas ad claudendum fenestras vitreas fieri. [Cf. Turner Dom. Archit. 13th C. (1851) v. 230 Iron kevils with chains to shut the glass windows.] 1303–40in Rogers Agric. & Prices (1866) I. 490 [Tiles were fastened, as now, by pins..These pins are also called] ‘keuills’ [printed ‘kenills’], [a name found in Southampton, Westshene, Isleworth, and London].
2. Naut. A peg or cleat, usually fixed in pairs, to which certain ropes are belayed (see quot. 1769).
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 12062 Bowlyne on bouspret to sette & hale Cordes, kyuiles [v.r. keuiles], atached þe [v.r. to] wale. a1642Sir W. Monson Naval Tracts iii. (1704) 345/2 The Kevels are to belay the Sheets. 1704J. Harris Lex Techn., Chevils or Kevils, are small Pieces of Timber nailed to the inside of a Ship to belay or fasten the Sheets and Tacks. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1789), Kevels,..a frame composed of two pieces of timber, whose lower ends rest in a sort of step or foot, nailed to the ship's side, from whence the upper ends branch outward into arms or horns, serving to belay the..ropes by which the bottoms of the main-sail and fore-sail are extended. 1840Marryat Poor Jack xxvii, The bight..he belayed..to the main-sheet kevel. c1860H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 73 What are ‘cavils’? Timber heads, or small bollards for belaying important ropes to, such as the main tack.
b. Comb., as kevel-head, kevel-headed adj.
1815Burney Falconer's Marine Dict., Kevel-Heads, the ends of the top timbers, which, rising above the gun-wale, serve to belay the ropes, or take a round turn to hold on. c1850Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 98 Blocks for the..lifts..are kevel-headed blocks.
▪ III. kevel, n.3 Sc. and north. dial.|ˈkɛv(ə)l|
[Etym. obscure. gavel n.4 is probably a variant of this.]
A kind of hammer for rough-hewing or breaking stone (see quot. 1793); also kevel-hammer, kevel-mell. Hence ˈkevel v., to break (stones).
1360Fabric Rolls York Minster (Surtees) 2 Pro factura ix. wegges et novo kevell et j melle ferri. 1368Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 571 Pro..pikkis, hakkis, et kevellis faciend. 1404Ibid. 397 In custodia Sementarii..j kevyll. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §108 A tool called a Kevel, which is at one end a hammer, and at the other an axe, whose edge is so short or narrow that it approaches towards the shape of a pick. 1825–80Jamieson, Kavel-mell, a sledge⁓hammer, a hammer of a large size used for breaking stones. 1893Northumbld. Gloss., Kevel, kyevel, a stone-hammer, the common gavel. Kyevel-hammer, a heavy hammer used by stone-breakers to break up the large blocks of road metal.
▪ IV. kevel, n.4 Mining. local.|ˈkɛv(ə)l|
Also keval, -il.
[Origin obscure.]
The name given by Derbyshire lead-miners to a calcareous stone found mingled with the ore (see quots.).
1747Hooson Miner's Dict. E j, Burr [is] a hard Knot or Lump in the Vein, or Sticking, of Caulk, Chirts, Kevells, &c. mixed with the Ore. 1802Mawe Mineral. Derbysh. Gloss., Kevel, a sparry substance found in the vein, composed of calcareous spar, fluor, and barytes.
▪ V. † kevel, n.5 Obs.
[Given by Adanson as the native name in Senegal.]
A species of antelope, now identified with the common gazelle.
1759tr. Adanson's Senegal. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1862) I. ii. iii. 307–8 The..second he calls the Kevel, which is rather less than the gazella. 1834Penny Cycl. II. 83/2 The kevel [is] found only on the opposite side of the great African desert to that inhabited by the dorcas.
▪ VI. kevel, kevil
see cavel n.1 and n.2
▪ VII. ˈkevel, v.1 Obs. exc. dial.
In 5 kevylle, 6 kewle, 9 dial. kibble.
[a. ON. kefla to bridle, gag, f. kefli kevel n.1]
trans. To bit or bridle.
a1400Syr Perc. 424 (Thornton MS. lf. 164) Brydille hase he righte nane;..Bot a wythe hase he tane, And keuylles his stede. 1570Levins Manip. 95/41 Kewle an horse, os obstruere. 1877N.W. Linc. Gloss., Kibble, to put the cord of a halter into a horse's mouth by way of bit.
▪ VIII. kevel, v.2
see under kevel n.3 |