| 释义 |
▪ I. jacket, n.|ˈdʒækɪt|
Forms: 5 iaquet, -ette, 5–6 iaket, -ette, 6 iakett, iackett(e, iakket, iacquet(e, -quit, iakquet, 5–7 iacket, 7– jacket.
[a. OF. jaquet, jacquet, dim. of jaque: jack n.2]
1. a. An outer garment for the upper part of the body: orig. the same as, or a shorter form of the jack; now, an outer garment with sleeves, reaching no lower than the waist, worn by boys (as an Eton jacket) and by men in certain occupations; also a short coat without tails (as a Norfolk jacket), worn in shooting, riding, cycling, etc.
Also as second element in shooting-, smoking-, tennis-jacket, and the like.
1462Mann. & Househ. Exp. (Roxb.) 149 Ffor makynge off a jaket off crymysyn clothe ffor my sayd lurd, ij.s. iiij.d. 1464Nottingham Rec. II. 377 Rede clothe to make jakettes of to þe saudeours. c1483Caxton Dialogues 33/40 Donaas the doblet maker Hath performed my doublet And my Iaquet [F. paltocque]. 1527in Lanc. Wills (Chetham Soc. 1854) 5 Item I giff my white chamlett iakett to be a vestiment to our lady chapell aforsaid. 1530Palsgr. 233/2 Iacket that hath but four quarters, jacquette. 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. John 116 The souldiers thought good that it [Christ's seamless coat] should bee kept whole vncut, and that sum of them shoulde haue the whole iacket to whose lotte it shoulde chaunce. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Hoqueton, a Iacket, a cote of armor. 1599Thynne Animadv. (1875) 31 A comone garmente..suche as we call a Ierken or Iackett withoute sleues. 1697W. Dampier Voy. I. 427 Some of them have Iackets made of Plantain leaves, which were as rough as any Bear's-skin. 1706Phillips, Jacket, a sort of Garment in Use among Country-People. 1767T. Hutchinson Hist. Mass. II. ii. 163 The women put on their husbands hats and jackets. 1834L. Ritchie Wand. by Seine 144 The royal archers led the way, clothed in jackets of vermilion, red, white, and green. 1841Emerson Lect. on Times Wks. (Bohn) II. 260 Before the young American is put into jacket and trousers, he says ‘I want something which I never saw before’. 1897Hall Caine Christian xi, You were only a boy in jackets.
b. That worn by a jockey in horse-racing; now a loose-fitting blouse of silk or satin, of the owner's distinctive racing colours. Hence, to send in his jacket, take away his jacket, retain his jacket, etc. See J. Rice Hist. Brit. Turf 1879.
1856H. H. Dixon Post & Paddock v. 83 The Duke of Bedford..very nearly requested him [Chifney senior] to send in his jacket. Ibid. vi. 89 Sam [Chifney]..mounted the magnificent ‘purple jacket with scarlet sleeves, and gold-braid buttons’ of the Prince. Ibid. xii. 214 Jockey Club law does not acknowledge such a process as ‘sending in a jacket’... But if masters..force a senior jockey to retain their jacket, they are bound to give him their mounts, and not to ..prevent him from seeking for more considerate masters elsewhere. Ibid., He thought nothing..of putting a silk jacket into his pocket, and riding 70 or 80 miles to a meeting, to oblige a friend. 1894Doyle S. Holmes (1899) 16/2, I glanced at the card to see the entries. It ran:—..4. Colonel Ross's Silver Blaze (black cap, red jacket).
c. A woman's outer garment analogous to that of boys or men, either loose or close-fitting, and of varying length.
1756Connoisseur No. 103 ⁋5 Her usual dishabille..is, an ordinary stuff jacket and petticoat. 1862C. M. Yonge C'tess Kate vii. (1880) 69 To the detriment of that young lady's muslin jacket.
d. Locally in U.S., = waistcoat. (Cent. Dict.)
e. Applied to something worn or fastened round the body for other purposes than clothing; as a strait-jacket, a swimming jacket.
f. Phrases. † to line one's jacket (obs.): see quot. 1611. to dust, swinge, thrash, trim, etc. (a person's) jacket, to give him a beating. Also in phrases referring to breadth or narrowness of opinions, etc. (quots. 1792, 1896). See also dust v.1 6 b.
1611Cotgr. s.v. Accoustrer, He stuffes himselfe soundly, hee lines his iacket throughly with liquor. 1687T. Brown Saints in Uproar Wks. 1730 I. 74 I'll substantially thrash your jacket for you. 1740Christmas Entertainm. ii. (1883–4) 12, I will swinge his Jacket for him. 1792Burke Corr. (1844) III. 367 They were not able to make a schism in their short and narrow jacket. 1845Buckstone Green Bushes i. 13 I'll dust your jacket if you do that again. 1896Daily News 30 Apr. 6/1 He had ‘widened the jacket’ of his Scotch theological training by mastering the results of the most advanced German speculation.
†g. Mil. colloq. (See quots.) Obs.
1898Geogr. Jrnl. May 556 Lieut. Tanner obtained his ‘jacket’, and was the beau ideal of a horse-artillery officer. 1908Westm. Gaz. 15 Oct. 5/3 Unitl 1895..a ‘jacket’ —i.e., a post in the Royal Field Horse Artillery—might be given to an officer of Field Artillery or of Garrison Artillery. 1909J. R. Ware Passing Eng. 158/2 Jacket (Military), a soldier who wears a jacket (chiefly cavalry or horse artillery). 1925Fraser & Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words 130 Jacket, to get the: colloquial for an appointment to the Royal Horse Artillery.
2. a. An outer covering, coating, or casing of any kind placed round a vessel, as a pipe, steam-cylinder, or boiler, to protect it, prevent escape of access of heat, etc. See also steam-jacket.
1815Specif. J. Kilby's Patent No. 3920, I enclose my brewing vessel in another vessel which I call the case or jacket. 1837Chambers' Misc. VI. No. 136. 16 The enclosing of the cylinder in a jacket or drum of wood. 1852W. Brande Lect. Arts 213 Heating a fluid by means of a steam⁓warmed jacket or coil. c1865J. Wylde in Circ. Sc. I. 307/1 The crucible is to be covered by the plumbago jacket. 1898P. Manson Trop. Diseases xxi. 334 The evaporation is best done in a vessel like a glue-pot, in which the milk is not boiled, but is surrounded by a jacket of boiling water.
b. A paper cover or wrapper issued with a bound book, usually with the title printed upon it. See also dust-jacket (dust n.1 8 e).
1894Month May 116 It was arrayed in a handsome purple ‘jacket’, and bore the crown and monogram of George III. 1895H. Frowde Let. 26 June, Paper jackets are being printed for it, worded as shown.
c. U.S. ‘A folded paper or open envelop containing an official document, on which is indorsed an order or other direction respecting the disposition to be made of the document, memoranda respecting its contents, dates of reception and transmission, etc.’ (Cent. Dict.)
d. Ordnance. A coil or cylinder of wrought iron or steel placed around the barrel of a gun to strengthen or protect it.
1876Engineering XXI. 17 This improvement consists in the addition of a steel jacket to the body of the gun from the breech to beyond the trunnions. 1888O. E. Michaelis tr. Monthaye's Krupp & De Bange ii. 24 The tube..is encircled by a single band or jacket (Mantel, in German), shrunk on. 1902Kynoch Jrnl. Apr.–May 79/2 A second gun..having a jacket of cast steel. 1972Internat. Defense Rev. Feb. 61 Sheathing the gun tube in an insulating jacket of cloth, plastic material or aluminum plate.
3. a. The natural (usually hairy) covering or ‘coat’ of various animals; the fleece (of a sheep), hair (of a dog), fur (of a cat), etc.; also the skin (of a seal, fish, etc.).
1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 560 These kindes of Serpents..The Scythale is admirable in her varied Iacket. c1847Cocks in Knowledge (1883) 188/2 Herds of Actinia bellis in prime condition—jackets as red as a Kentish cherry. 1865Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. Ser. ii. I. ii. 242 The recent high price of long wool has tempted some flockmasters to neglect the form, in their eagerness to secure a heavy jacket. 1880Standard 20 May 3 As fast as one [seal] is clubbed or shot the skinner with the sharp knife turns it out of its ‘jacket’, as the skin with the attached blubber is styled. 1882Daily News 28 Jan. 2/2 A two-pound perch boiled in its own jacket, and served up with parsley sauce. 1898Ladies' Field 6 Aug. 378/2, I have seen her in July with a magnificent jacket, while every other cat had next to none.
b. The skin of a potato (when cooked with the skin on).
1856Farmer's Mag. Nov. 378 Potatoes..boiled unpeeled—or as we say, ‘in their jackets’. 1894Hall Caine Manxman 31 A pot of potatoes in their jackets.
c. Path. A formation coating some organ.
1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 119 This white jacket, which may be a quarter of an inch thick, easily peels off the subjacent liver.
d. A young seal; so called from the rough fur. Newfoundland.
4. attrib. and Comb., as jacket-collar, jacket-pocket, jacket-stuff, jacket-suit; jacket-bodice, a dress-bodice coming down over the skirt like a jacket; also a jacket-shaped under bodice; jacket crown Dentistry, a crown (crown n. 28 b), often of porcelain or vinyl, fitted over an existing natural crown, which is usually ground down to receive it; jacket potato, a potato cooked in its jacket, i.e. unpeeled; jacket poultice, a poultice placed between two folds of stuff; jacket wise adv. or advb. phr., in the manner of a jacket.
1810Splendid Follies I. 119 The laundress..had left a deep triangular singe in the very centre of the *jacket-back.
1889Tablet 3 Aug. 167 Over her *jacket-bodice she wears a woollen shawl.
1838Dickens O. Twist x, Oliver..was at once lugged along the streets by the *jacket-collar, at a rapid pace.
1903H. J. Goslee Princ. & Pract. Crowning Teeth viii. 129 The so-called *jacket crown is often a most useful style of construction. 1963[see bridge-work (bridge n.1 11 b)]. 1966L. Deighton Billion-Dollar Brain xix. 197 One of my jacket crowns is loose.
1806Naval Chron. XV. 453 The crew lost their *jacket knives.
1833Marryat P. Simple xxix, He thrust the first book into his *jacket-pocket which he could lay his hand on.
[1902Wright Eng. Dial. Dict. (s.v. jacket), Jackutty-taters, potatoes boiled with their skins on.] 1928Galsworthy Swan Song i. v. 37 A young woman was handing him ‘*jacket’ potatoes. 1967M. Summerton Memory of Darkness iv. 56 You'll fare better on Rosie's stew and my baked jacket potatoes.
1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 149 A *jacket poultice of linseed is a common and for the most part a good application.
1643Davenant Unfort. Lovers Wks. (1673) 133 What skirt's in fashion now; the *Jacket-way, Down to the hams?
1598Hakluyt Voy. I. 387 Aloft their shirts they weare a garment *iacket wise.
Hence ˈjacketless a., without a jacket; ˈjackety a. colloq., of the nature of a jacket.
1852R. S. Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tour (1893) 49 His coat was a light jackety sort of thing, with little pockets behind. 1862Mrs. H. Wood Channings vi, Her son..burst into the room jacketless. 1891Hardy Tess xxix. ad fin., Tess had come out with her milking-hood only, naked-armed and jacketless.
Add:[2.] e. Oil Industry. The steel frame which is fixed to the sea-bed and forms the support structure of an oil production platform.
1974Petroleum Rev. XXVIII. 784/3 Earlier platforms in the southern North Sea had located the superstructure directly on to the piles supporting the jacket. 1976Offshore Platforms & Pipelining 6/2 Welding near the water's surface to attach the deck to the jacket will be eliminated. 1981C. Francis Commanding Sea v. 197 This massive object was the base of an oil platform—what is known in the business as a jacket. 1989Construction News 8 June 72/4 A {pstlg}15 million contract for the construction of a riser platform..consists of a 5,500 tonne jacket, a 1,300 tonne deck and 2,000 tonnes of piling.
▸ a. U.S. Mil. slang, Police slang, and Criminals' slang. A personal file or dossier; spec. a criminal record.
1937Jrnl. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 32 324 One person..was assigned to the files to remove the jackets (prison records) for each institution and to allocate these jackets daily to the eight supervisors. 1944R. R. Rea Let. 9 Dec. in Wings of Gold (1987) 240 Today our jackets (records) went before the squadron board. 1967M. Braly On Yard (2002) xiv. 242 You been reading my jacket too? 1989C. Hiaasen Skin Tight (1990) ii. 15 Jersey state police got a fat jacket on him. 1999A. Dubus III House of Sand & Fog (2000) 236 Men got terminated for that. But they also had sloppy jackets, a code violation here, a write-up there. Despite Lester's excessive arrests, his jacket was clean.
b. U.S. Prison slang. In extended use: a reputation, esp. for objectionable or treacherous behaviour. Occas. with prefixed noun indicating the nature of the offence.
1963M. Braly Shake him till he Rattles 11 You wouldn't want to be a chicken thief, would you? That's a hell of a jacket to carry. 1977R. P. Rettig et al. Manny vii. 196 If you get sent to Vacaville you are classified as having a serious personality or character disorder. And man, you'll wear that jacket for the rest of your life. 1990S. Morgan Homeboy ii. 21 Rooski cant go back to the pen. With his snitch jacket, he wouldnt last a week. 2002J. Goad Shit Magnet xvi. 272 So my confidential prison file—which I'm never allowed to see..—has me wearing two ‘jackets’, that of a racist mastermind and that of a compulsively violent misogynist. They put the jackets on me, and there's nothing I can do to remove them.
▪ II. ˈjacket, v.
[f. prec. n.]
1. a. trans. To cover with or enclose in a jacket (in various senses of the n.).
1861Times 13 May 5/4 The cylinders [of the Mooltan's engines] are ‘jacketed’, as it is termed,—that is, there is an upper pair of 43 inches' diameter, in which the dry steam is first used, at a pressure of 20 lb., and an outer cylinder of 96 inches' diameter, where it is worked expansively. 1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 65 The ‘ice-box’ is also a metal chamber..jacketed all over with a non-conductor. 1889Farmer Americanisms s.v., In Government offices, to jacket a document is, after scheduling, to enclose it with other papers referring to the same subject. 1899Westm. Gaz. 25 Feb. 1/3 A Bible jacketed in American cloth upon the table. 1900Ibid. 15 Aug. 7/1 Unfortunately, there are forty-five waiters to only forty jackets,..perhaps..the managers will be able to scrape together sufficient money to jacket the unhappy five.
b. slang. (See quot.)
1812J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., To jacket a person..is more properly applied to removing a man by underhand and vile means from any birth or situation he enjoys, commonly with a view to supplant him.
c. To enclose (a person) in a strait-jacket.
1856C. Reade Never too Late I. xv. 276 He found himself surrounded, jacketed, strapped, and collared. 1905J. London Jacket (1915) 52 They told me plainly that they would jacket me to death if I did not confess.
2. dial. or colloq. To beat, thrash. (Cf. the phrases s.v. jacket n. 1 f.) See also jacketing 3.
1875Sussex Gloss. s.v., ‘I'll jacket him when he comes in’. 1877N.W. Linc. Gloss. 1896in Farmer Slang. |