| 释义 |
▪ I. jack, n.2 Now arch.
Forms: 4–6 iakke, iak, 4–7 iacke, 5–6 iake, 6 iakk, 6– jack.
[a. F. jaque, in OF. also jaques (1375 in Hatz.-Darm.), in It. giacco, Ger. jacke, Du. jak, Sw. jacka jacket. Ultimate origin uncertain, but app. French: thought by some to be identical with the proper name Jacques, perh. as originally worn by the peasantry.
In sense 1 possibly ultimately of the same origin as Jack n.1, but not derived from that word in English, being of common European currency. Sense 2, and still more 3, are doubtfully placed here; both may belong to Jack n.1]
1.
†a. A short and close-fitting upper garment of men and women; a jacket. Obs.
1375Will of Thos. de Hemenhale in Promp. Parv. 256 Unum iakke de rubio worstede. c1375in Rel. Ant. I. 41 Wommen..with her hornes..rydelid gownes, and rokettis, colers, lacis, iackes, pattokis, with her longe crakowis.
b. esp. A coat of fence, a kind of sleeveless tunic or jacket, formerly worn by foot-soldiers and others, usually of leather quilted, and in later times often plated with iron; sometimes applied to a coat of mail. (See Meyrick in Archæol. XIX. 224.) arch.
c1380Sir Ferumb. 3689 Þorȝ-out ys scheld & is habreioun, Plates, & iakke & ioupoun, þorȝ-out al it ȝot. 1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. clxxxvii. 573 The kynge had on a iacke couered with blacke veluet, whiche sore chafed hym. 1549Compl. Scot. xix. 163 Quhar for i exort ȝou that ȝe change ȝour sperutual habitis..in steil iakkis and in cotis of mailȝe, to deffend ȝour bodeis. 1562Lanc. Wills (Chetham Soc.) I. 178 On jacke with a brest of plate..iijs. iiijd. 1573Twyne æneid x. (1584) P vj, Through his golden plated Iacke he thrust into the side. 1578Banister Hist. Man i. 8 Like..the yron plates of a iacke, one lying on an other. 1596Spenser State Irel. Wks. (Globe) 639/1 The leather quilted jacke in iourneying and in camping, for that it is fittest to be under his shirte of mayle. 1622Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman d'Alf. i. 94 They had brought with them good Iackes of Male. 1694Lond. Gaz. No. 3035/3 Persons..arm'd with Blunderbuss's, Pistols,..Jackcaps, Leather Doublets and Jacks. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xx, Some had the black-jack, or doublet, covered with small plates of iron of a lozenge shape. 1894C. N. Robinson Brit. Fleet 91 The coats of livery, or ‘jacks’ as they were called, which the soldiers wore at Creçy.
†c. Phr. to be on (a person's) jack: to lay blows on him, to attack him; to be on his back, be down upon him. Obs.
1568Jacob & Esau v. vi, If I wrought one stroke to day, lay me on the iacke. 1579–80North Plutarch, Themistocles 127 That they..should sticke to it like men, and lay it on the iacks of them. 1588Disc. Pres. Est. France 18 So soone..might the king of Nauar be sure that he would be vpon his iacke. 1600Holland Livy vii. xxx. 269 They shall not..stirre and put out their heads, but we will be streight upon their iacks [ab tergo]. 1631J. Denison Heav. Banquet 241 All the Mariners are vpon the iacke of Ionas.
2. A vessel for liquor (either for holding liquor, or for drinking from); orig. and usually of waxed leather coated outside with tar or pitch (= Black jack 1); a (leathern) jug or tankard. arch.
‘A Iacke of leather to drinke in, because it somewhat resembles a iacke or coat of maile’ (Minsheu Ductor 1617).
1573Tusser Husb. lxxxv. (1878) 175 Treene dishes be homely, and yet not to lack, where stone is no laster take tankard and iack. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Hanap ou tasse à boire, a tankard, a iacke. 1598Mucedorus in Hazl. Dodsley VII. 218 To the buttery-hatch, to Thomas the butler for a jack of beer. 1633New Hampsh. Prov. Papers (1867) I. 80, 1 jack of leather to drink in. 1680Lond. Gaz. No. 1537/4 Two Drinking Jacks of Leather, edged round with Silver. 17..Song, ‘'Twas merry in the Hall’, And they each took a smack At the coal-black-Jack Till the fire burnt in their brain. 1826Scott Woodst. ix, A large black leathern jack, which contained two double flagons of strong ale. 1885Standard 25 Dec. 3/2 Water that I had in a tin jack.
†3. Name for some joint of mutton. Obs.
1466Mann. & Househ. Exp. (Roxb.) 435 [Laid out] in a brest and a jakke of motone, v. d.
4. Comb., as jack-maker; jack-cap, a leathern cap to protect the head; jack-coat, a jacket or jack.
1575Estimate in St. Pap. Dom. Eliz. CVI. No. 65 Cuttinge the cloth redie to be wrought by the Jackmakers. 1682Providence Rec. (1894) VI. 96 Also a sarge jack coat, and a sarge paire of breeches. 1694Lond. Gaz. No. 3014/4 Armed with Blunderbuss's, Pistols,..Quarterstaves, Jack⁓caps, with Dogs, Toyles, and Nets. 1713Ibid. No. 5086/3 A Jackcoat and old Leather Breeches. 1769De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. II. 158 [Firemen] to whom they give Jack Caps of Leather, able to keep them from Hurt, if Brick or Timber, or any Thing not of too great a Bulk, should fall upon them.
▪ II. jack, n.3|dʒæk|
[Origin somewhat obscure; but most prob. a specific application of Jack n.1 (sense 34 b), said of and applied to things of smaller than the normal size; as if short for ‘jack-flag’, i.e. small flag (so called in contradistinction to the ensign): cf. the various uses of jack for jack-bowl, jack-brick, jack-fish, etc.; also the naval use in jack = jack-cross-trees.
Other conjectures have been offered, e.g. that the name is the F. Jacques, James, and that the jack was so called from King James I, who introduced the original union flag; or, that the word is prob. identical with jack n.2, the leathern surcoat having been (it is suggested) sometimes emblazoned with the cross of St. George. But app. neither of these conjectures covers the early use of the word.]
A ship's flag of smaller size than the ensign, used at sea as a signal, or as a mark of distinction; spec. the small flag which is flown from the jack-staff at the bow of a vessel (formerly at the sprit-sail topmast head), and by which the nationality of a ship is indicated, as in British jack, Dutch jack, French jack.
In British use the jack has been since the 17th c. (except under the Commonwealth) a small sized ‘Union Flag’ of the period (Union Jack), which has also been, since 1707, inserted in the upper canton of the ensign; hence, the name ‘union jack’ is often improperly applied to the union flag itself, when this is not carried or used as a jack. Every maritime nation has a jack of its own; this is usually, either as in Great Britain, † the German Empire, Sweden, and the United States, the same as the canton of the ensign, or, as in France and the Netherlands, identical with the ensign, only smaller. (Prof. J. K. Laughton.)
1633Sailing Instruct. (MS. Sloane 2682, lf. 51), You are alsoe for this present service to keepe in yor Jack at yor Boultspritt end and yor pendant and yor Ordinance. 1653Sail. Instr. (MS. Sloane 3282, lf. 75 b), If y⊇ cheife of y⊇ squadron come by y⊇ Lee and make a waft wth his Jack that then every shipp of his squadron beare undr his sterne and speake wth him. 1654Sail. Instr. in G. Penn Mem. Sir W. Penn (1833) II. 59. 1665 Ibid. 599. 1667 Pepys Diary 22 June, That the Dutch did take her [the Royal Charles] with a boat of nine men..and presently a man went up and struck her flag and jacke. 1673Lond. Gaz. No. 758/4 A Ship carrying the Hambrough Colours, who upon our Commanding him on Board with a Gun, immediately put up a Holland Ensign, and a Flushing Jack. 1673Sir L. Jenkins Let. to Earl of Arlington in Wynne Life I. 91 All vessels whatsoever being in the King's service and wearing his colours, flag or Jack may have the same right done to them. 1678Marvell Growth Popery Wks. 1875 IV. 275 A sorry yacht, but bearing the English jack, in August 1671. 1688Sir J. Knatchbull Diary in N. & Q. 3rd Ser. VI. 2/2 He knew her to be a Custome-house boat by her Jack or pendant. 1694Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) III. 343 This day was published their majesties proclamation..prohibiting other than the kings ships to wear their majesties Jack, called the Union Jack. 1702Royal Proclam. 18 Dec. in Lond. Gaz. No. 3871/1 All such Ships as have Commissions of Letters of Mart or Reprisals, shall, besides the Colours which may be worn by Merchants Ships, wear a Red Jack, with the Union Jack, described in a Canton of the upper Corner thereof next the Staff. 1707Lond. Gaz. No. 4298/2 He entered into the Bay under French Jack and Pendent. 1712E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 119 The Signal is to shew a white Jack at the Main Top-mast Head. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1776), Jack, a sort of flag colour or colours displayed from a mast erected on the outer end of a ship's bowsprit. In the British navy the jack is..a small union flag..but in merchant-ships this union is bordered with a red field. 1789G. Keate Pelew Isl. 255 At day-light, an English jack was hoisted at the masthead. 1794Nelson 30 July in Nicolas Disp. (1845) I. 463, I had established a signal with L'Amiable, a Dutch Jack inverted, when I wanted a boat. 1805Log ‘Polyphemus’ 21 Oct. Ibid. (1846) VII. 156 note, A Spanish two-decker..hauled in her colours..and waved an English Jack from her traffle. 1855M. Bridges Pop. Mod. Hist. 322 The British Jack obtained a complete triumph. 1890Cent. Dict. s.v., In the United States naval service the jack is a blue flag with a white five-pointed star for each State in the Union. It is hoisted on a jack-staff at the bowsprit-cap when in port, and is also used as a signal for a pilot when shown at the fore. 1894C. N. Robinson Brit. Fleet 89 The ‘Jack’ and the ensign still continue to be carried on staves at the extremities of the vessel.
▪ III. jack, n.4
Also 7 giack(e, jawk, 9 jak.
[ad. Pg. jaca (in Garcia De Orta, 1563), ad. Malayālam chakka. The earliest European representation of the word is chaqui in Friar Jordanus c 1328 (Hakl. Soc. 1863,13): see Yule.]
a. The fruit of a tree (Artocarpus integrifolia) of the East Indies, resembling the bread-fruit, but larger and of coarser quality. Also the tree itself.
1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 505 Iacas are bigger..and grow out of the bodie of the tree: they are of so many pleasant tastes, but hard to digest. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 183 The Jacks or Giacks..deserve description..the Jacke is for bignesse comparable to a Pumpion. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 67 This side is all covered with Trees of Cocoes, Jawks, and Mangoes. 1779Forrest Voy. N. Guinea 319 Banka..abounds in coco nuts, limes, nankas or jacks, fish, turtle, and ratans. 1820J. Crawfurd Hist. Indian Archipelago I. iv. 122 Of the Jack fruit..two species occur in the Indian islands... The Jack is highly nutritious. 1824H. E. Lloyd tr. Spix & Martius's Trav. Brazil I. ii. i. 175 Brazil is indebted to the intercourse of the Portuguese with the East Indies..for the excellent fruits of the jaca, the mango, and the jambos. 1839T. J. Newbold Pol. & Stat. Acct. Straits of Malacca ii. 53 In the valley grow various fruit-trees, such as..the jack. 1859Tennent Ceylon II. vii. i. 111 The jak with broad glossy leaves and enormous yellow fruit. 1878P. Robinson Ind. Garden (ed. 2) 49 The monstrous jáck that in its eccentric bulk contains a whole magazine of tastes and smells. 1919Nature 25 Sept. 78/2 The native of the country is content with the fruit that is easily produced there and is already well known (in this case the durian, mango, sapodilla, mangosteen, jak, etc.). 1931B. Miall tr. Guenther's Naturalist in Brazil iv. 80 The fruits of the Jaca, as large as a man's head, seem to grow directly from the trunk and boughs. 1969Oxf. Bk. Food Plants 114/2 Jak or Jack Fruit (Artocarpus integrifolia) is a related species with enormous fruits which can weigh up to 70 lb. each. In spite of their very strong odour, they are relished especially in Asia and may be eaten cooked or raw.
b. Comb., as jack-fruit, jack-timber, jack-tree, jack-wood.
1694T. R. in Phil. Trans. XVIII. 280 A sort of large Club-Moss putting forth of the Jack-Trees and Mango's. 1789Saunders Ibid. LXXIX. 79 Jack and saul timber, are frequently to be met with in the forests and jungles. 1810M. Graham Jrnl. 101 (Y.) The jack-wood..at first yellow, becomes on exposure to the air of the colour of mahogany. 1830M. Scott Cruise Midge (1859) 496 The cook having chosen to roast a jack fruit on a spit. 1869A. R. Wallace Malay Archipelago I. xvi. 362 There were also great numbers of a wild Jack-fruit tree (Artocarpus), which bore abundance of large reticulated fruit. 1900W. W. Skeat Malay Magic vi. 563 To dream about eating jack-fruit (nangka)..is an indication of great trouble impending. 1908E. J. Banfield Confessions of Beachcomber i. i. 43 We have..Jack fruit..in plenty. 1920Outward Bound Oct. 44/1 The shameless stranger..issued from the saffron sunset, somewhere behind the spiky line of the mission jack fruit trees. 1921E. M. Forster Let. 4 June in Hill of Devi (1953) 92 The Jack Fruits are ripening a little—they are extraordinary, with crocodile scales. 1947E. Afr. Ann. 1946–7 23/2 Doors, mostly of local jack-fruit tree wood, are still being carved by Swahili craftsmen. 1962Housewife (Ceylon) Apr. 23 The rich green foliage of mature plaintain and jak trees. 1966D. Forbes Heart of Malaya ii. 27 A Malay kampong stands..half hidden by an assortment of fruit trees—durian, jack-fruit, mangosteen and rambutan. 1967Singha & Massey Indian Dances xx. 175 It is said that he once had a vision in which Krishna asked him to carve his image from the wood of a certain jack-fruit tree. 1972A. Amin tr. Ahmad's No Harvest but Thorn ii. 13 The handle of his parang, which was made of the heart⁓wood of a jack-fruit tree.
▪ IV. jack, n.6 ? Obs.
Abbreviation of jacobin n.3 (variety of pigeon). Also Jack pigeon.
1741Compl. Fam. Piece iii. 512 The Tame or House Pidgeons are called Barbels, Jacks, Crappers... The small Jack Pidgeon is a good Breeder. 1812J. Nott Dekker's Gulls Hornbk. 76 The jacobine, or jack vulgarly called.
▪ V. jack, n.7
Short for jack-boot. ankle-jack: see ankle n. 3. colloq.
1801C. K. Sharpe Corr. 11 Apr. (1888) I. 108 His lord⁓ship..wears..boots nearly approaching to jacks. 1869Daily News 13 July, A short jacket and voluminous knicker⁓bockers..with purple worsted stockings, low-up ankle jacks, and a wide-awake hat.
▪ VI. jack, n.8
Colloq. abbrev. of Jacqueminot, name of a variety of tea-rose.
1883Harper's Mag. Jan. 241/1 The box contained a..nosegay, with a ‘Jack’ rose in the centre.
▪ VII. jack, n.9
Colloq. abbrev. of jackal n.
1892Daily News 22 Jan. 5/4 The pack soon started a fine jackal, who led the hunt over the big paddy bunds and cactus fences... The jack was killed, and the Master presented the brush to Lady Harris.
▪ VIII. jack, n.10
var. of jakes.
▪ IX. jack, a. Austral. slang.|dʒæk|
[f. jack v.1 3.]
Tired of (something or someone); bored.
1901E. Dyson Gold Stealers iv. 41 Oh, well, Twitter's jack of it, an' I don't think it's much fun. 1944J. Devanny By Tropic Sea & Jungle xviii. 155 Too much of it makes you jack of it quick. 1959Baker Drum vi. 50 He was clearly a bore and they were jack of him. 1969Coast to Coast 1967–8 4 He was willing to bet she'd get jack of it.
▪ X. jack, v.1|dʒæk|
[In senses 1, 2, from different senses of Jack n.1 Sense 3 may be merely onomatopœic: cf. chuck v.2]
1. trans. to jack up.
a. To hoist with a jack (see Jack n.1 10).
1885Pall Mall G. 20 Mar. 6/1 To ‘jack-up’ a seven-ton engine and replace it on the rails. 1971J. D. MacDonald Seven (1974) iii. 46 When we decided to give up the apple stand, I said it might make a nice little cabin. My husband Ralph jacked it up and put it on a flatbed wagon and tractored it up through the west orchard. 1973Country Life 18 Oct. 1190/1, I enjoy reminiscing over early motoring days... Jack up the back tyre to ensure easier starting.
b. transf. and fig. To raise, increase; to force or bolster up. colloq. (orig. U.S.).
1904N.Y. Tribune 8 May 10 The management thought it saw a chance to jack up rents, and made a sudden announcement of a raise. 1939J. P. Marquand Wickford Point x. 126 She had jacked up the price on the table d'hôte ten francs. 1959Economist 7 Feb. 504/1 At his first trial, Cho Bong-Am got only five years, but a second trial jacked this up to capital punishment. 1964Ann. Reg. 1963 44 Mr. Heath unveiled the plans to jack up the punctured local economies. 1971Daily Tel. 26 July 15/7 Reinvestment would then jack up earnings per share and hence the value of the equity.
c. To arrange, organize, fix up; to put right, spruce up. N.Z. slang.
19422 N.Z.E.F. Times 12 Oct. 6/5 Jack-up, a term meaning to achieve the apparently impossible or to bring out of chaos; to arrange, inveigle, wangle or bolster up (a) Any transport (b) any alibi (c) leave (d) ED pay—usually without the prior knowledge or consent of authority. 1943Ibid. 16 Aug. 6/5 Some of the pubs could do with a jacking up... Not enough service and civility. 1944J. H. Fullarton Troop Target xxvi. 187 I've jacked up a hot snack for the end of the shoot. 1945E. G. Webber Johnny Enzed in Middle East 13/3 May take a year to jack it up again. 1956D. M. Davin Sullen Bell i. iii. 24 I've jacked it up to stay the night with a friend of mine. 1960B. Crump Good Keen Man 59 Harry decided to try his hand at jacking up a home brew. 1963Weekly News (Auckland) 8 May 39/3 We jacked it up between ourselves that one evening we'd get Honey's gloves. 1971N.Z. Listener 22 Mar. 13/1 I'll see you right at a boardin' place until you get jacked up.
2. intr. To hunt or fish at night with a jack (see Jack n.1 26). U.S.
1881Harper's Mag. Oct. 692/2 Gad went out ‘jacking’ with him, and jumped right over the bow of the boat to catch a deer. 1895Outing (U.S.) XXVI. 61 Few have ever tried jacking for pickerel in the spring, by the light of a cedar wood or a kerosene blaze.
3. dial. or colloq. to jack up:
a. trans. (a) To do for, ruin. (b) To throw up, give up, abandon. (Cf. chuck v.2 2 b.) Also simply to jack (rare).
1873Slang Dict., Jacked-up, ruined, done for. 1880Daily Tel. 9 Oct., The Liberal canvassers..became dissatisfied and threatened to ‘Jack up’ their books. 1881M. Reynolds Engine-Driving Life 66 To burn a fire-box, burns your name into the locomotive superintendant's black-book, and there you are jacked up for ever. 1897Contemp. Rev. Dec. 795 About 16 per cent ‘jack it up’ and go back to the slough and mire.
b. absol. or intr. To give up suddenly or promptly.
1873Slang Dict. s.v. Jacked up, To jack-up is to leave off doing anything suddenly. 1875Parish Sussex Gloss., Jack-up, to give up anything in a bad temper. 1881Leicestersh. Gloss., Jack-up..also, to become bankrupt or insolvent. 1889Boldrewood Robbery under Arms (1890) 135 [It] took a deal of punishment before he jacked up. 1898― Rom. Canvass Town 253 As a man, a gentleman, and a squatter, I ‘jacked up’ at the cookery.
4. Slang phr. to jack in: to abandon, leave, give up, stop. Freq. in phr. to jack it in.
1948A. Baron From City from Plough i. 12 ‘What's your ol' woman do to you, Charlie?’ ‘Jacked me in for a civvy. I got home; no one there, no furniture, nothing.’ 1958F. Norman Bang to Rights iii. 77 There was only fifteen of us on the hunger strike, I suppose the others must have got hungrey anyway they jacked it in. 1963‘A. Garve’ Sea Monks v. 130, I ain't goin' to jack it all in now for Chris or anyone. 1972K. Royce Miniatures Frame ix. 123 I'm beginning to wonder if it's worth it... Let me jack it in. 1973Times 31 May 10/7 Private landlords jack-in the shaky business of letting.
5. to jack off (intr.): (a) to go away, depart; (b) to masturbate. slang.
1935‘G. Orwell’ Clergyman's Daughter ii. 109 Flo and Charlie would probably ‘jack off’ if they got the chance of a lift. a1950― Coll. Ess. (1968) I. 71 Jack off, to, to go away.
1959W. Burroughs Naked Lunch 74 He plummets from the eyeless lighthouse, kissing and jacking off in face of the black mirror. 1971R. A. Carter Manhattan Primitive (1972) xxiv. 237 You miserable little queer... You can jack off in Llewellyn's best hat for all I care. 1972V. Ferdinand in A. Chapman New Black Voices 472 We might as well be jacking off, masturbating for our own self-gratification.
▪ XI. jack, v.2
To take off the ‘jacket’ of a seal.
a1795G. Low Fauna Orcad. (1813) 17 One party, armed with clubs, fall to knocking them on the head, and another set to jacking, i.e. cutting off the skin, together with the blubber on it.
▪ XII. jack, v.3 slang (orig. and chiefly U.S.).
Brit. |dʒak|, U.S. |dʒæk|
[Shortened ‹hijack v. Compare carjack v. at carjacking n. Derivatives.]
trans. To take illegally, steal (esp. a car or something from a car); to rob, burgle.
1930Amer. Mercury Dec. 454/2 Two loads jacked. That's the blow off. You're through. 1959J. Farris Harrison High i. xi. 112 The only way to make any money out of cigarettes is to jack a carload. 1988‘Ice-T’ & ‘Afrika Islam’ Colors (song) in Hip-hop & Rap (2003) 56 My young brother got shot. My home got jacked, my mother's on crack. 1994J. Favreau Swingers (film script) 73 Who would jack your fuckin K-car? 2001Guardian 17 Mar. i. 5/3 ‘Let's jack her’; one youth suggested, and Marsh and Edwards ran up to lure her down. |