| 释义 |
vegetation|vɛdʒɪˈteɪʃən|
Also 6 vegitacion, 7–8 -tion.
[ad. (late and) med.L. vegetātio, f. vegetāre vegetate v. So F. végétation, It. vegetazione, Sp. vegetacion, Pg. vegetação.
The definitions ‘a comforting, making strong’, etc., in Cockeram (1623) and Blount (1656) are merely copied from Cooper's explanation of vegetatio in Apuleius.]
I. Abstract senses.
1. The action of vegetating or growing; the faculty, process, or phenomena of growth and development as possessed by certain organic substances; vegetal activity or property.
a. In general use.
1564J. Day tr. Martyr's Comm. Judges xiii. 212 To eate, is not onely to chawe the meate,..but moreouer to conuert it into the substawnce of hys bodye, by concoction thoroughe the power of vegitacion. 1594Plat Jewell-ho. ii. 11 Salt..causeth the vegetation, perfection, maturitie, and the whole good that is contained in euery thing that nourisheth. 1605Timme Quersit. i. xiii. 57 A most pure and perfect body, replenished with vital spirits, and full of vegetation. 1768Pennant Brit. Zool. I. Pref. 10 Through every species of animal life,..to that point where sense is almost extinct, and vegetation commences. 1813Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. (1814) 7 The phenomena of vegetation must be considered as an important branch of the science of organized Nature.
fig.1755Young Centaur vi. Wks. 1757 IV. 281 The light of God's countenance is the sun of the human soul, whence all its vegetation of real felicity.
†b. Of the soul. Obs. (Cf. vegetative a. 1 a.)
1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 16 One soul hath those three essentiall faculties of Vnderstanding, Will, and Memorie, or (as others) of Vegetation, Sense, and Reason. 1620T. Granger Div. Logike 55 Sence, and vegetation is an effect by emanation of the soule.
c. Of plants or seeds. † Also, vegetative power (quot. 1665).
1661Sir K. Digby (title), A Discourse concerning the Vegetation of Plants. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 333 The root where the sap lies constantly conveying vegetation to the tree in those warm Regions. 1707Curios. in Husb. & Gard. 28 The Operations of each Plant, which are Nutrition, Augmentation and Propagation,..we..express by the single Word Vegetation, which in Effect includes them all. 1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. i. vii. (1765) 14 The Seed..is a deciduous Part of the Vegetable, the Rudiment of a new one, quickened for Vegetation by the Sprinkling of the Pollen. 1789Mrs. Piozzi Journ. France II. 191 In these countries vegetation is so rapid, that every thing makes haste to come and more to go. 1813Bakewell Introd. Geol. (1815) 250 The vegetation of perennial grasses in the spring is at least a fortnight sooner on lime-stone and sandy soils..than on clayey. 1853Robertson Serm. Ser. iii. (1872) iii. 31 Seeds and germs..incapable of vegetation in the unkindly climate of their birth. 1884Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. 561 The intercellular air-spaces of the cortical parenchyma are in open communication with the external air at the time of active vegetation.
†d. Of inorganic substances. Obs.
1676Phil. Trans. XI. 739 They are prepossest with an opinion against the vegetation of all Stones. 1748Earthquake Peru Pref. 11 As a Proof of the quick Vegitation of Silver. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1824) I. 33 This is not a place for an inquiry into the seeming vegetation of those stony substances.
†2. An act or instance of vegetating; a stage in plant growth or development. Obs.
1672Grew Anat. Pl., Idea (1682) 1 The Method of Nature her self, in her continued Series of Vegetations; proceeding from the Seed sown, to the formation of the Root.
†3. transf. The production of a plant-like formation. Obs. (Cf. 5 b.)
1707Curios. in Husb. & Gard. 305 The Artificial Vegetation of Silver, commonly called Diana's Tree. 1823Ure Dict. Chem. s.v., The Influence of the Air and Light upon the Vegetation of Salts. 1842Francis Dict. Arts, Vegetation of Salts, a curious phenomena [sic], which takes place when strong solutions of metallic salts are left in glass, earthenware, or other vessels.
4. fig. Existence similar or comparable to that of a vegetable; dull, empty, or stagnant life spent in retirement or seclusion.
1760M. W. Montagu Let. 25 Oct. (1967) III. 245, I am not surpriz'd at the long Vegetation of the D[uche]sse of Argyle. 1797Godwin Enquirer i. xiii. 114 His state is rather a state of vegetation. 1833T. Hook Parson's Dau. i. xi, In this state of vegetation he remained until about ten o'clock. 1854J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) I. xvi. 290 Hedouville..went to spend a life of mere vegetation in Spain. 1882M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal II. iv. 53 You can't expect to find much difference in me after three years' vegetation in Cornwall.
II. Concrete senses.
5.
†a. A vegetable form or growth; a plant.
1683Tryon Way to Health 518 At which times all Vegitations are in their flourishing state. 1691― Wisd. Dictates 110 The pleasant Ferment..of the Stomach can with much more facility..disgest Vegitations, than Flesh or Fish. 1707Curios. in Husb. & Gard. 29 Some Vegetations,..as..Mushrooms and Mosses: the maritime Vegetations,..are not properly Plants.
b. A plant-like growth or formation due to chemical action. (Cf. 3.)
1790Phil. Trans. LXXX. 378 Bergman relates, that he has sometimes observed beautiful crystallizations or vegetations of metallic silver formed on pieces of iron immersed long in a solution of silver. 1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) II. 446 The Nickel forming greenish vegetations. 1800tr. Lagrange's Chem. II. 133 At the end of some hours there will be formed, at the surface of the small mass of amalgam, a vegetation in the form of a bush. 1823J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 124 A beautiful white vegetation will be perceptible round the wire. 1849J. R. Jackson Min. 287 A pretty metallic vegetation in glass jars:..called the Tree of Diana.
c. Path. A morbid fungoid growth or excrescence occurring on some part of the body.
1835Cycl. Pract. Med. IV. 419/2 Warty vegetations of the valves.—These excrescences bear a close resemblance to venereal warty vegetations. 1861Bumstead Ven. Dis. (1879) 242 Vegetations are papillary growths springing from the skin or mucous membrane, chiefly in the neighborhood of the genital organs. 1879St. George's Hosp. Rep. IX. 327 The posterior flap at its right corner bore a large vegetation, assuming the shape of a mushroom, of about 11/4 inch in diameter.
6. a. Plants collectively; plants or vegetal growths as a product of the soil, freq. considered in respect of a certain area.
1727–46Thomson Summer 440 Deep to the root Of vegetation parch'd, the cleaving fields..an arid hue disclose. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xliii, The paths were rude, and frequently overgrown with vegetation. 1813Shelley Q. Mab viii. 170 Blue mists..Scattered the seeds of pestilence, and fed Unnatural vegetation. 1859Darwin Orig. Spec. iii. (1860) 74 When an American forest is cut down, a very different vegetation springs up. 1881Nature No. 619. 448 An admirable summary of the vegetation of the different regions of the globe.
transf.1847J. Leitch tr. C. O. Müller's Anc. Art §275. 265 The Corinthian places in the room of the simple bulge of the Doric order a slender body..gradually enlarging and richly clothed with vegetation.
attrib.1878W. R. S. Ralston in Contemp. Rev. Feb. 536 A reference to vegetation-spirits and their foes.
b. (See quot.)
1870Eng. Mech. 21 Jan. 448/2 In old object glasses there is occasionally an appearance which has been called ‘vegetation’, and which consists of a number of very thin lines disposed in an arborescent form.
c. Used attrib. with reference to the death and regeneration of plant life and the alternation of the seasons as symbolized or represented in religious or cultic beliefs and rituals.
1914J. G. Frazer Golden Bough: Adonis Attis Osiris (ed. 3) II. iii. vii. 126 Professor Ed. Meyer also formerly regarded Osiris as a sun-god; he now interprets him as a great vegetation god. 1918in Gray & Moore Mythol. All Races XI. 25 Here there seems to be indication of a vegetation cult. Ibid. 75 Closely connected with the earth goddesses are their children, the vegetation-deities. 1922T. S. Eliot Waste Land 53 Anyone who is acquainted with these works will immediately recognize in the poem certain references to vegetation ceremonies. 1967Listener 6 Apr. 471/3 It [sc. the Easter holiday] should have been all outside broadcasts of drunken baroque processions.., villages abusing each other's religious banners.., vegetation ceremonies still describable in pace-egging and mummers' plays.
Hence vegeˈtational a.; vegeˈtationless a.
1855Lewes Goethe I. 233 On the vegetationless surface the radiation is direct. 1926Spectator 4 Sept. 354/2 The dark areas observable on the surface of Mars are vegetational regions. 1958New Biol. XXVI. 32 These communities..are prevented, by haymaking and the grazing of sheep, cattle, and rabbits, from entering the normal phases of vegetational succession. 1977J. L. Harper Population Biol. Plants iv. 95 The buried seed population of mature or climax communities generally contains a living..record of the past vegetational history of the succession.
Add: vegeˈtationally adv., as regards vegetation.
1975Nature 27 Mar. 301/2 The past environments, corresponding to these assemblages, as a group fall distinctly into the vegetationally more ‘open’ part of the spectrum of known habitats. 1991Jrnl. Coastal Res. VII. 137 A dune can effectively be created with sand fencing and stabilized vegetationally. |