| 释义 |
vegetarian, n. and a.|vɛdʒɪˈtɛərɪən|
[Irreg. f. veget-able after ns. and adjs. in -arian. Hence F. végétarien, G. vegetarianer.
The general use of the word appears to have been largely due to the formation of the Vegetarian Society at Ramsgate in 1847.]
A. n.
1. a. One who lives wholly or principally upon vegetable foods; a person who on principle abstains from any form of animal food, or at least such as is obtained by the direct destruction of life.
1839F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Residence on Georgian Plantation (1863) 251 If I had had to be my own cook, I should inevitably become a vegetarian. 1842Healthian Apr. 34 To tell a healthy vegetarian that his diet is very uncongenial with the wants of his nature. 1854H. Miller Sch. & Schm. (1858) 332 A man can scarce become a vegetarian even without also becoming in some measure intolerant of the still large..class that eat beef with their greens, and herrings with their potatoes. 1885Salmon Introd. N.T. xi. 241 Even those who used animal food themselves came to think of the vegetarian as one who lived a higher life.
b. transf. Of animals, etc.
1854Poultry Chron. I. 307 For though ours are not vegetarians, every chicken we have is a stanch teetotaler! 1861P. P. Carpenter in Rep. Smithsonian Instit. 1860, 194 It is almost certain that some tribes [of Gasteropods] which have a permanently elongated muzzle are not vegetarians.
2. A member of a fanatical Chinese sect. Also attrib.
1895Tablet 10 Aug. 208 Some 80 men belonging to a sect known as Vegetarians stormed the station..at night. 1896Mission. Herald (Boston) July 279 A large portion of the vegetarians were unwilling to even plunder the missionaries. Ibid., The vegetarian leaders imagined that the missionaries were at the bottom of this activity against themselves.
B. adj.
1. Of or pertaining to vegetarians or vegetarianism; practising or advocating vegetarianism.
In this group possibly attrib. uses of the n.
1849Vegetarian Messenger Introd. 1 Condensed accounts of meetings and the transactions of the Vegetarian Society. 1860[John Smith] (title), The Principles and Practice of Vegetarian Cookery. 1890J. Knight Vegetarianism in Practice 11 The moral aspects of the Vegetarian practice. Ibid. 12 The Vegetarian system affords such articles as will give all requisite nourishment.
2. Of animals: Living on vegetables.
1856T. R. Jones Aquarian Nat. 342 Mr. Darwin gives an interesting account of a crab..which lives on cocoa⁓nuts... This vegetarian crab [etc.]. 1869R. Trimen in Noble The Cape & its People 100 An order..composed almost wholly of vegetarian insects.
3. Consisting of vegetables or plants.
1868R. Owen Anat. Vertebrates III. 293 The diprotodont [type of dentition] obtains in the majority of the Australasian marsupials, and is associated usually with vegetarian or promiscuous diet. 1911Swanton Ind. Tribes Lower Mississ. (Bureau Amer. Ethnol.) 317 The diet of the Tunica was more vegetarian than that of American tribes generally.
▸ Designating a vegetarian version of a dish traditionally made with meat, the meat typically being replaced with soya products, mycoprotein, beans, etc. Freq. in vegetarian sausage, vegetarian burger.
1913Indianapolis (Indiana) Star 15 June 8/1 He says he has lived on his vegetarian sausage almost exclusively. 1969Walla Walla (Washington) Union-Bull. 4 June 20/1 (advt.) Soya meat fried chicken..vegetarian burger. 1989A. Aird 1990 Good Pub Guide 73 The short choice of quickly served food..might include..vegetarian moussaka. 1997BBC Vegetarian Good Food Feb. 36/1 The contents of a vegetarian sausage vary enormously. Some are made from textured vegetable protein, (TVP), derived from soya bean flour; others from tofu (soya bean curd), and some from Quorn. 2006Birmingham Post (Nexis) 2 Dec. 46 It [sc. the butcher's shop] also makes..vegetarian burgers and roasts. |