| 释义 |
Wealden, a. and n.|ˈwiːldən|
[f. weald + -en4.
The suffix is here employed arbitrarily in a sense remote from its ordinary use. As the formation of the word was app. suggested by the adjs. in -en, it may be presumed that the inventor regarded the adjectival use as primary, and the substantival use as elliptical for ‘wealden formation’; but Martin's own use of the term affords no evidence of this.]
A. adj.
1. Of or pertaining to the geological formation known as the Wealden (see B). Wealden lizard = hylæosaurus.
1828P. I. Martin Geol. Mem. W. Sussex 42 This bed of wealden sand. 1829W. Buckland in Trans. Geol. Soc. (1835) Ser. ii. III. 425 On the discovery of Fossil Bones of the Iguanodon, in the Iron Sand of the Wealden Formation in the Isle of Wight. 1833Mantell Geol. S.E. Eng. 181 The Wealden strata may be separated into three principal divisions; namely, the Weald clay; the Hastings beds, including the strata of Tilgate Forest; and the Ashburnham or inferior limestones and shales. Ibid. 328 note, The Wealden Lizard, or Fossil Lizard of Tilgate Forest. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I. 65 Wealden series, a name given to a series of clays, sands, and limestones, from being well developed in the weald of Sussex, and which is remarkable for containing the remains of terrestrial, freshwater, and æstuary animals. 1863A. C. Ramsay Phys. Geog. 125 It [Weald Clay] was left in its native state, and formed those broad forests which once covered the Wealden area.
2. a. Of or pertaining to the Weald.
1870Lower Hist. Sussex I. 137 This ancient Wealden parish is about five miles in length, [etc.]. 1896A. Austin England's Darling iv. ii, And wealden wolves will batten on the rest. 1907Sat. Rev. 14 Sept. 327/1 An epitaph in a wealden churchyard.
b. Applied to a style of timber house built in the Weald in the late medieval and Tudor periods (see quots. 1961, 1963).
1956Archaeol. Jrnl. CXII. 93 In Kent the aisled hall was replaced by the type of building often called the ‘Wealden’ house, though it has a wider distribution than that. 1961M. W. Barley Eng. Farmhouse & Cottage i. ii. 27 The Wealden house has a central hall open to the roof with a storeyed wing at one end or both. The whole is under a continuous roof, but the storeyed wing is jettied out, to overhang the ground floor by a foot or more. 1963S. E. Rigold in Foster & Alcock Culture & Environment xiii. 351 The characteristic hall-house of Kent and Sussex has a unitary hipped roof..covering both the hall and the two-storeyed ends... When the upper stories are jettied laterally, the façade of the hall between them is relatively recessed, and the lateral wall-plate of the jettied ends is carried right across..in front of the wall-plate of the hall... This is the so-called ‘Wealden house’. 1974Country Life 14 Feb. 312/4 A yeoman farmer's house of the Wealden type that existed in the mid 15th century.
B. n. Geol. The name of a formation or series of estuarine and freshwater deposits of Lower Cretaceous age, extensively developed in the Weald.
1828P. I. Martin Geol. Mem. W. Sussex 9 To avoid the inconvenience of the periphrasis of weald sands and clays, it is proposed, as any compound from weald must have a Saxon termination, to call the whole formation the Wealden. Ibid. 48 Fossils of the Wealden. The fossil shells most frequent in this district of the weald, (and they are common to the whole Wealden,) are of the genera Vivipara, [etc.]. 1842H. Miller O.R. Sandst. i. (ed. 2) 39 From the Grauwacke of the Lammermuirs, to the Wealden of Moray. 1876D. Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. xvii. 308 Regarding the Lias, Oolite and Wealden as portions of one great system. |