| 释义 |
isotherm|ˈaɪsəʊθɜːm|
[f. F. isotherme, introd. by Humboldt, 1817, f. Gr. ἰσο- iso- + θέρµη heat, θερµ-ός hot.]
a. Phys. Geog. An imaginary line passing through points on the earth's surface having the same mean temperature; an isothermal line: see next. Also, a similar line (either imaginary or in a diagram) connecting points other than on the earth's surface.
1860Maury Phys. Geog. Sea (Low) vii. 171 The isotherm of 65° skirts the northern limits of the sugar-cane. 1880Times 16 Aug. 11/4 The isotherms are still distinctly of the summer type, but the difference between the temperatures at the inland and the coast stations is smaller. 1973Nature 16 Feb. 446/2 A pressure-sensing float and a barrier driven by a motor, each fencing the film and connected to a recorder.., made it possible..to obtain isotherms of films.
b. = isothermal n. b.
1895C. S. Palmer tr. Nernst's Theoret. Chem. ii. ii. 192 The behaviour of gaseous and liquid carbon dioxide was studied very exactly by Andrews for those temperatures the isotherms of which are plotted. 1924A. E. Hill in H.S. Taylor Treat. Physical Chem. I. ix. 383 The result of changing the pressure at constant temperature can be deduced by following a line drawn parallel to the pressure axis, and called an isotherm, or isothermal line. 1961M. Tribus Thermostatics & Thermodynamics viii. 205 There is shown a line of constant temperature which is tangent to the top of the vapor-liquid region. This line represents the critical isotherm, since it represents the temperature above which only one phase exists. 1971F. A. Bettelheim Exper. Physical Chem. xli. 378 In the graphic representation of the adsorption isotherm, one usually plots the amount of component 1 adsorbed on the surface of the solid per gram (or per unit surface area) of the solid against the equilibrium composition of the solution. |