| 释义 |
killed, ppl. a.|kɪld|
[f. kill v. + -ed1.]
1. a. Deprived of life; put to death. Usually of meat, with qualifying word, as fresh-killed, country-killed, etc.
c1440Promp. Parv. 274/2 Kyllyd, interfectus. 1812Examiner 5 Oct. 628/1 We have found here 2000 killed or amputated Russians. 1886Daily News 16 Sept. 2/5 The small supply of fresh killed meat. 1887Ibid. 11 May 2/6 The heaviest decline being on country-killed beef.
b. with adv. (In quot. as n.)
1825Bentham Offic. Apt. Maximized, Indications (1830) 84 The deaths of Jefferies's killed-offs were speedy.
c. Med. Applied to bacteria and viruses that have been killed or rendered non-infectious, and hence to preparations containing them.
1919Med. Ann. XXXVII. 493 A special series of vaccines have been prepared... They are standardized emulsions in normal saline of killed bacteria. 1925J. W. Bigger Handbk. Bacteriol. xiii. 152 Workers have found it possible to immunize monkeys against experimental pneumonia by the intratracheal inoculation of killed cultures. 1930Syst. Bacteriol. (Med. Res. Council) VII. vii. 117 There remains a considerable doubt whether immunity..can be produced by the use of killed virus. 1964M. Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 8) xxv. 385 The killed vaccine [of poliomyelitis] does not necessarily prevent subsequent intestinal infection, but it evokes sufficient neutralizing antibodies to prevent the viræmia which precedes central nervous system involvement. 1964H. Jolly Dis. Children xvi. 343 Salk vaccine is a killed preparation containing all three types of virus. 1971Beeson & McDermot Cecil-Loeb Text-bk. Med. (ed. 13) 416/2 Killed poliomyelitis vaccine is now used very infrequently.
2. a. Of a substance: Deprived of active property.
1894S. R. Bottone Electr. Instr. Making (ed. 6) 5 Chloride of zinc (killed spirits of salt). Ibid. 7 Soldering with chloride of zinc (‘killed spirits’, ‘soldering fluid’).
b. Metallurgy. Of steel: treated when molten so as to prevent the evolution of oxygen on solidification and the consequent formation of blow-holes (now done by adding a reducing agent).
1884W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron xviii. 425 When the metal throws out sparks or teems fiery, it is said not to be ‘killed’, and it is indicative of the metal not having been sufficiently long in the fire after fusion, and such steel will yield unsound or honey-combed ingots. 1926Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. CXIV. 406 In the application of titanium to killed steel the conditions are entirely different, and a complete absence of gas evolution as well as the maximum degree of deoxidation are generally desired. 1935Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XXXIX. 1121 Scientific metallurgists would like to see all steels fully killed,..but economic considerations at present compel the manufacture of rimming and partly-killed steel. 1970A. Cibula in O. Kubaschewski et al. Gases & Metals ii. 31 Small amounts of hydrogen and nitrogen are detected, and in killed ingots these gases predominate over carbon dioxide. |