| 释义 |
programmed, ppl. a.|ˈprəʊgræmd|
[f. program, programme v. + -ed1.]
1. Predetermined or controlled by a program (see program, programme v. 4 a, 5 a, n. 2 g). Also transf.
1947New Republic 23 June 15/3 The machine, having been properly briefed.., will perform its programmed task. 1953Proc. IRE XLI. 1235/1 A significant new concept in non-numerical computation is the idea of a general-purpose programmed computer—a device capable of carrying out a long sequence of elementary orders analogous to those of a numerical computer. 1958Engineering 28 Feb. 263/2 After taking off vertically..the vehicle veered to the south-east along its programmed trajectory. 1959E. M. Grabbe et al. Handbk. Automation, Computation & Control II. iv. 13 Programmed checks..consist of the verification of the correctness of the system operation by means of special procedures introduced by the system user. 1964M. McLuhan Understanding Media (1967) iii. 46 In the new electric Age of Information and programmed production. 1966P. O'Donnell Sabre-Tooth xviii. 241 Willie nodded, taking the cue and moving into his role like a programmed robot. 1967D. Wilson in Wills & Yearsley Handbk. Managem. Technol. 45 In addition to the validation of input data, internal programmed controls are usually included during computer processing. 1972M. Crichton Terminal Man 106 The programmed machine could exceed the capabilities of the programmer. 1974E. Ambler Dr. Frigo iii. 155, I am not referring to the immediate tactical success, but to..the programmed success of the future. 1978G. A. Sheehan Running & Being ii. 27 It stripped off those layers of programmed activity and thinking.
2. Psychol. and Educ. Presented in the form of a teaching programme (program, programme n. 2 h), or employing such a programme.
1958B. F. Skinner in Science 24 Oct. 975/3 Immediate feedback encourages a more careful reading of programmed material. 1962Listener 23 Aug. 273/2 Hundreds of thousands of Americans..are now being taught by machine, and by what are termed programmed texts. 1963Guardian 15 Jan. 6/1 ‘Earth in Orbit’..is a geography book with a difference. It is the first programmed textbook of English origin. 1967Punch 22 Mar. 407/2 The shades of Mr. Chips, let alone Dr. Arnold, have long ago fled before an influx of black-maned technicians panning stealthy TV cameras over programmed learning machines. 1967Coulthard & Smith in Wills & Yearsley Handbk. Managem. Technol. 204 Programmed learning is already extensively used in this country in schools (teaching mathematics and the sciences), in the armed services, by the airlines, and in companies with extensive training programmes for salesmen, technicians, etc. 1968Brit. Universities Ann. 10 Experiments in programmed teaching have been going on in several institutions notably at Bradford. 1970W. S. Sahakian Psychol. of Learning x. 187 Programmed instruction is designed so that maximal reinforcement ensues by successfully controlling environment. 1974Nature 22 Mar. 300/1 (Advt.), The reader will find that his understanding of the concepts of the subject and his confidence in using them are both developed rapidly as he works through the programmed problems. |