| 释义 |
information theory
[See information 3 d.]
The quantitative theory, based on a precise definition of information and on the theory of probability, of the coding and transmission of signals and information.
1950D. M. MacKay in Phil. Mag. Mar. 290 (heading) The formalisation of information theory. 1950W. G. Tuller in Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engin. LXIX. 1612/1 The statistical theory of communications, developed over the past few years and often called information theory, can be of real assistance in the design of communication systems. 1950L. Brillouin in Amer. Scientist XXXVIII. 594 (heading) Thermodynamics and information theory. 1955H. Quastler Information Theory in Psychol. i. 8 It is basic to information theory that any event is evaluated against the background of the whole class of events which could have happened. Information theory proposes to measure the effect of operations by which a particular selection is made out of a range of possibilities. Choice, specification, discrimination, recognition, are examples of such operations. 1960E. Delavenay Introd. Machine Transl. 131 The statistical study of language in so-called information theory bears mainly on the frequency of reference of graphemes and phonemes. 1961New Scientist 26 Jan. 200/2 Normal television amplitude modulation of a carrier takes no advantage of the fact that the rate of change of picture content is relatively slow, and that because of this much redundant information is continuously transmitted at the cost of considerable bandwidth. Unfortunately no system of television picture transmission has yet been devised which is more logical from an information theory point of view and does not also require a complex computing apparatus in the receiver. 1962J. R. Pierce Symbols, Signals & Noise vi. 107 The two great triumphs of information theory are establishing the channel capacity and, in particular, the number of binary digits required to transmit information from a particular source and showing that a noisy communication channel has an information rate in bits per character or bits per second up to which errorless transmission is possible despite the noise. 1964M. A. K. Halliday et al. Ling. Sci. i. iv. 104 Information theory, which has a place in the quantitative description of a language, implies nothing about the relative efficiency of languages or the effectiveness of language activity. 1968Unesco Bull. Libr. XXII. 62 When Shannon and Weaver evolved their information theory, they..were guilty of an unfortunate use of terminology. They were concerned, of course, not with a theory of information but a theory of signals, the message-carrying capacity of a symbol, a telephone wire, or any other medium or channel of communication. 1970O. Dopping Computers & Data Processing i. 21 Information theory deals largely with what happens when a random interference (‘noise’) is superimposed on the desired signal. 1972Jrnl. Librarianship IV. 164 It is worth noting that Shannon never referred to his theory as an ‘Information theory’.
Hence information theorist.
1953C. F. Hockett in Saporta & Bastian Psycholinguistics (1961) 57/1 Neither the information theorist nor the linguist would claim that codes (d) and (d′) are identifiable with code (a) in quite the same way as codes (b) and (c). 1972J. L. Dillard Black English i. 25 Research on the degree of intelligibility between the white man's English and Black English would be an expensive proposition... Ideally,..not only linguists but also anthropologists, psychologists, and an information theorist should be involved. |