| 释义 |
▪ I. † vis, n.1 Obs. rare.
[ad. L. vīs-us sight, f. ppl. stem of vidēre to see.]
Vision, sight.
c1340Hampole Prose Tr. 34 If a mane lufe anoþer whilke es absent he desyris gretly his presence for to hafe þe vys of his lufe and his likynge... Þare-fore we may noghte hafe þe vis of His lufe here in fulfilling.
▪ II. ‖ vis, n.2|vɪs|
Pl. vires |ˈvaɪriːz|.
[L. vīs (pl. vīrēs).]
1. Strength, force, energy, vigour.
c1630T. Goodwin Serm. Wks. 1681 I. iii. 39 [Christ] Who then must be the immediate Uniter, by his own Vis or Power exerted in it. 1650T. Hubbert Pill Formality 104 There is a certain vis, a power infused into the soul. 1788Trifler No. 17. 231 Charmed with the prospect which the vis of combined effects presented to him, he resolved to investigate the springs of action. 1882Dr. J. Brown John Leach, etc. 183 His verses..had more imaginative vis, more daintiness of phrase [etc.]. 1888Abp. Benson in A. C. Benson Life (1899) II. v. 200 There is no vis and there is also no learning, among them [sc. Reformers], out of Germany. 1907P. T. Forsyth Positive Preaching v. 163 The great moral vis of the Reformation subsided into the renewed intellectualism of the seventeenth century dogmatists.
2. In special collocations with other Latin words.
In addition to those illustrated below, various others are or have been in use, as vis acceleratrix, centrifuga, centripeta, impressa, insita, etc. A number of these appear in dictionaries from about 1700 onwards.
a. vis major, such a degree of superior force that no effective resistance can be made to it.
1601Holland Pliny I. 599 Hailes, stormes of wind and raine, and such like impressions of the aire, which whensoever they doe light, are tearmed by the Lawyers, Vis major, i. the greater violence. 1866Ld. Blackburn in Hurlstone & Coltman Rep. IV. 271 He can excuse himself by shewing that..the escape was the consequence of vis major or the act of God.
b. vis inertiæ, the resistance naturally offered by matter to any force tending to alter its state in respect of rest or motion; also transf., tendency on the part of persons, etc., to remain inactive or unprogressive.
1706[see inertia 1]. 1710J. Harris Lex. Techn. II. s.v., This Vis Inertiæ is no where more conspicuous, than in the sudden Motion of a Vessel full of Liquor upon a Horizontal Plane. 1748Hartley Observ. Man ii. i. §6. 31 Matter is a mere passive thing, of whose very essence it is, to be endued with a Vis inertiae. 1781Phil. Trans. LXXI. i. 312 Not so much owing to the smallness of the quantity of powder that takes fire in that case as to the vis inertiæ of the generated fluid. 1836I. Taylor Phys. The. Another Life ii. 32 This power of the mind in overcoming the vis inertiæ of matter.
transf.1755Chesterfield Let. to Bp. of Waterford 26 June, Writing seems to be acting..which my vis inertiæ will not suffer me to undertake. 1780H. Walpole Lett. (1858) VII. 405 By the time absolute power is attained, it will..be charming in speculation, but prove to be nothing but the vis inertiæ. 1818Edin. Rev. XXIX. 361 The vis inertiæ which strengthens the subject in repelling the aggressions of his rulers. 1878Sir G. Scott Lect. Med. Archit. vii. I. 272 There is a vis inertiæ in Art which is not easily overcome.
c. vis viva, the operative force of a moving or acting body, reckoned as equal to the mass of the body multiplied by the square of its velocity.
1780Encyl. Brit. (ed. 2) V. 3317/1 The vis viva, or absolute apparent strength of the stroke. 1808Edin. Rev. XII. 122 The proposition on which the whole theory of the vis viva is actually founded. 1849Sir W. Thomson Math. & Phys. Papers (1882) I. 107 Notes on Hydrodynamics. On the Vis-viva of a liquid in motion. 1870Lond. etc. Philos. Mag. Sept. 210 But a part only of the vires vivæ produced during the efflux has been transformed into heat. 1875J. Croll Climate & T. App. 546 The vis viva of vibration depends upon the force of the stroke.
d. vis vitæ, vital force.
1752Gentl. Mag. 67/1 All medicines whatever, which tend to lessen the vis vitæ, are pernicious. a1817T. Dwight Trav. New Eng., etc. (1821) I. 385 A pungency, entirely peculiar, accompanied the smell; and appeared to lessen the vis vitae in a manner, different from any thing, which I had ever experienced before.
e. vis a fronte, a force operating from in front (as in attraction or suction). vis a tergo, a force operating from behind; a propulsive force.
1822Good Study Med. II. 15 Hence arose another hypothesis, which ascribed the propulsive power to a progressive vis à tergo. 1825Ibid. (ed. 2) II. 18 The secernents or extreme arteries..operate by a kind of suction, which may be regarded as a vis à fronte. 1873T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. (ed. 2) 19 The combined effect of the diminished vis à tergo and of the arterial degeneration may, in some cases, be alone sufficient to cause arrest of the circulation.
f. vis comica, humorous energy; comic force or effect.
1757S. Foote Author i. i. 6 My disposition has, at present, very little of the Vis Comica. 1798T. Holcroft Jrnl. 12 Oct. in Mem. (1925) II. v. ii. 184 This character has..not enough of the vis comica. 1887G. M. Hopkins Lett. to R. Bridges (1955) 261 In vis comica, in fun,..it is not strong: still there is enough to make me laugh aloud sometimes. 1911Brereton & Rothwell tr. Bergson's Laughter ii. 71 In the scene..between Sganarelle and Pancrace, the entire vis comica lies in the conflict set up between the idea of Sganarelle..and the obstinacy of the philosopher. 1979F. Felsenstein in Smollett Trav. p. xxv, Smollett's vis comica is..sufficiently broad to allow him to laugh at himself.
g. vis medicatrix (naturæ), the healing power of nature.
1804Edin. Rev. Apr. 186 In this position arose the vis medicatrix naturæ, like a fairy queen, to put the wheel in motion. 1904W. H. Hudson Green Mansions xxii. 295 The vis medicatrix with which nature helps our weaknesses. 1949A. Huxley Let. 30 July (1969) 601 The news of your mishap was forwarded to us... I do hope that by this time the enforced rest will have given the vis medicatrix naturae a chance to get busy.
▪ III. † vis, n.3 Obs. rare.
[Arbitrary shortening of visit n.: see first quot.]
A short visit or call.
1754World No. 62 ⁋8 When a fine gentleman chuses to signify his intention of making a short Visit..I am for an abridgment of the word, and only calling it a Vis. Ibid. ⁋9, I may observe..that the Vis seems to be chiefly confined within the bills of mortality. 1807Southey Life A. Bell (1844) II. 562 If you cannot make me a visit, at least make me a vis, if you can, before your return to Swanage.
Hence † vis v. trans., to pay a short visit to. (Cf. viz v.) Obs.
1754World No. 62 ⁋8 Lady Changeherfriend's compliments to Lady Fiddlefaddle, and intends to Vis her ladyship this evening.
▪ IV. † vis, n.4 Obs. rare.
Abbreviation of vis-à-vis 1. Also attrib.
1809Sporting Mag. XXXIII. 276 The Vis Landau will be the fashionable vehicle among the Members of the Whip Club. 1814Byron Let. to Moore 9 April, In utter contempt of a hackney-coach and my own vis, both of which were deemed necessary for our conveyance.
▪ V. vis, n.5 colloq. (orig. Mil.).|vɪz|
Also with point.
[Abbrev.]
= visibility n. 1 c.
1943R.A.F. Jrnl. Aug. 31 Stations A and B had a vis. of two miles an hour ago... Vis. is still 4 miles at G—I think they'd be better to go on there. 1956W. A. Heflin U.S. Air Force Dict. 557/2 Vis, ‘visual’ or ‘visibility’. 1986Diver June 43/3, I spent half the time incredulous and half the time cursing the silt which was bringing down the vis. 1990Pilot Oct. 32/1 The weather forecast we received assured good VFR conditions but mentioned local reduced vis around Villahermosa.
▪ VI. vis
var. vice n.3; obs. f. viss; obs. Sc. f. wise n. and a. |