| 释义 |
▪ I. tavern, n.|ˈtævən|
Forms: 3–7 taverne, (4 tavarn, 5 tawern, 6 taverin, Sc. taveroun), 7– tavern.
[a. OF. taverne (1256 in Littré):—L. taberna a shed constructed of boards, a hut, booth, stall, shop, workshop, also a tavern or inn (so in earliest French and Eng. examples). Cf. tabern.]
1. In early use, A public house or tap-room where wine was retailed; a dram-shop; in current use = public house 2 b.
See also humorous use (word-play on name New Inn Hall) in quot. 1854.
[1286Memoranda K.R. 14 & 15 Edw. I 3 b, Tauernes ke sunt en meimes la Meisun ke est assise par entre la Meison Thomas le Vineter vers le Su.] 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 4024 Hor ydelnesse hom ssal bringe to sunne of lecherye, To tauerne & to sleuþe, & to hasardrie. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 1025 Tauerne ys þe deuylys knyfe Hyt sleþ þe, oþer soule or lyfe. 1340Ayenb. 56 Þe tauerne ys þe scole of þe dyeule huere his deciples studieþ. c1440Jacob's Well 147 Þe tauerne is welle of glotonye, for it may be clepyd þe develys scolehous. 1570B. Googe Pop. Kingd. iv. 53 This done, they to the Taverne go, or in the fields they dine. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, v. iii. 5 Can no man tell of my vnthriftie Sonne?.. Enquire at London, 'mongst the Tauernes there. 1611Cotgr., Tavernier,..a Victualler, of whom (as in our Tauernes of London) one may haue meat, and drink for his money. 1693Humours Town 108 The Taverns are the Nurseries of Profaneness and Treason. 1710Swift Lett. (1767) III. 14, I dined to-day at a tavern with Stratford. 1785J. Trusler Mod. Times III. 76 When we reached London..we put up at one of those taverns called hotels. 1809Kendall Trav. III. lxxii. 128 The doctor keeps a public house, or, as the term is, a tavern. 1840Dickens Barn. Rudge ii, This tavern would seem to be a house of call for all the gaping idlers of the neighbourhood. 1854‘C. Bede’ Verdant Green ii. xi. 103 He seemed to feel that the Dons of his college would look shy upon him, and he expressed his opinion that it would be better for him to migrate to the Tavern... A name given to New Inn Hall, not only from its title..but also because the buttery is open all day, and members of the Hall can call for what they please at any hour. 1904Westm. Gaz. 11 May 1/2 Richard Shute—the only first-class man ever produced by the defunct ‘Tavern’, as New Inn Hall [Oxford] used to be called.
†2. A shop or workshop attached to or under a dwelling-house; often under ground, a cellar. Cf. cellar 2, wine-cellar. dial. Obs.
1521in Test. Ebor. (Surtees) VI. 4 Al my tymber and bordes in the Taverne, except a kilnehouse of x postes that lieth in the laithe and in the gaitehouse. 1566in S. O. Addy Evolution Eng. House (1905) 96 William Tomson for his taverne stare, iiij d. 1575Ibid. 95 Payd to ij dykers for casting earth furth of the taverne iiij daies, ij s. viij d. 1583Will Myles Fox (Somerset Ho.), My Shop with two under⁓shops or Taverins. 1703Thoresby Let. to Ray (W. Yorksh. Words), Tavern, a cellar. 1905Addy (as above) 94–5 In England shops in front of town houses were sometimes known as ‘taverns’,..and were below the surface of the streets, like cellars... These ‘taverns’ were entered by stairs.
3. As a rendering of L. taberna: see the etymology.
1382Wyclif Acts xxviii. 15 Whanne bretheren hadden herd, thei runnen to vs til to the cheping of Appius, and to a place that is clepid Thre tauernes [Vulg. tres Tabernas]. 1611Bible ibid., They came to meet vs as farre as Appii forum, and the three Tauernes.
4. attrib. and Comb.
a. Attributive, as tavern-bill, tavern-boy, tavern-bully, tavern-bush (bush n.1 5), tavern-chair, tavern-discourse, tavern-door, tavern-drawer (drawer n.1 2), tavern-fellow, tavern-house, tavern-lady, tavern-lantern, tavern-man, tavern-music, tavern-quarrel, tavern-reckoning, tavern-restaurant, tavern-score, tavern-song, tavern-supper, tavern-talk, tavern-wine, etc.
b. Objective and obj. gen., as tavern-frequenter, † tavern-ganger, tavern-goer, tavern-haunter, tavern-hunter, tavern-hunting, tavern-keeper, tavern-tracer.
c. Instrumental, locative, etc., as tavern-gotten, tavern-tainted adjs.d. Special combs.: † tavern-fox, in phr. to hunt a tavern-fox, to get drunk: see fox n. 1 d and v. 2; tavern-token, a token given in change by a tavern-keeper, which he will again accept in payment; † to swallow a tavern-token, to get drunk (obs.).
1611Shakes. Cymb. v. iv. 161 You shall..fear no more *Tauerne Bils.
1796H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) III. 286 The appellation of ‘good man’, so frankly bestowed on him by the *tavern-boy.
1852Thackeray Esmond ii. i, A *Tavern-bully beaten.
1570Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) 1206/1 Seeing good wyne nedeth no *tauerne bushe to vtter it. a1668Davenant News fr. Plymouth Wks. (1673) 2 In the Metropolis,..Where still your Taverne Bush is green and flourishing.
1787Sir J. Hawkins Johnson 87, I have heard him assert, that a *tavern-chair was the throne of human felicity.
1660R. Coke Justice Vind. Pref. 12 The subject of all *tavern-discourses.
1474Coventry Leet Bk. (E.E.T.S.) 400 Yf he sell any feetiff wyn his *Tauerne durre to be sealed Inne, and he to make a fyne at the kynges wyll. a1704T. Brown Lond. & Lacedem. Oracles Introd., Wks. 1709 III. iii. 124 The Oyster⁓wench in her lawful Occupation at the Tavern-door.
1721Cibber Rival Fools i. i, Can't you practise..upon a *Tavern-Drawer, or a Box-keeper at the Play-House?
1899Month June 613 The roystering joviality of Prince Harry's tavern⁓fellow.
1635J. Taylor (Water P.) Old Parr C ij b, Nor did hee ever hunt a *Taverne Fox.
1483Cath. Angl. 378/2 A *Tawern ganger, attabernio.
1797T. Park Sonn. 82 Meeting with some *tavern-goer.
1538Elyot, Circumcelliones, *tauerne haunters, or raylers aboute. 1583Golding Calvin on Deut. li. 305 These Tauernhaunters or Alehouse Knightes which counterfeit the preachers.
13..Cursor M. 28462 (Cott.) Til *tauerne huse my-seluen was wont, And draun men þer-til vmstont.
1553Becon Reliques of Rome (1563) 28 The aforesayd pope made..a decree, that priestes should be no *tauern-hunters.
1641Milton Animadv. xiii. Pr. Wks. (1847) 69/2 Their laziness, their *tavern⁓hunting, their neglect of all sound literature.
1611Cotgr., Tavernier,..a *Tauerne-keeper. 1779Mirror No. 46 ⁋23 Familiar..to the very tavern-keepers of this city.
1763F. Sheridan Discovery ii. i, I don't doubt but he is going to some of his *tavern-ladies.
1664G. Etherege Love in Tub iv. ii, Go with a *Tavern-Lanthorn before me at Noon-day.
1755Johnson, *Tavernman, one who keeps a tavern.
1643Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. ii. §9 That vulgar and *Taverne-Musick. 1979Listener 30 Aug. 275/2 The best *tavern music in South London is..jazz.
1820Hazlitt Lect. Dram. Lit. 30 Marlow was stabbed in a *tavern quarrel.
1880W. D. Hay Doom of Gt. City 46 One place I knew slightly, a *tavern-restaurant, where I had occasionally dined. 1973Washington Post 13 Jan. a3/6 Mr. and Mrs. Harry Grenwalt..were celebrating their 42nd wedding anniversary at the tavern-restaurant.
1714Mandeville Fab. Bees (1724) I. 19 Those, that remain'd,..when they paid their *Tavern Score, Resolv'd to enter it no more.
1823Byron Juan viii. lxiii. 142 Without which Glory's but a *tavern song. 1917J. Masefield Lollingdon Downs 90 Within the tavern-song, hid in the wine. 1959I. & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolch. xvi. 346 This jingle may be compared with the tavern song which was printed in Vinculum Societatis.
a1680Butler Rem., Charac. (1759) II. 439 He is the Whores Jackal,..and at Night has his Share in a *Tavern-Supper. 1760Cautions to Officers Army 124 Tavern-Suppers are generally expensive.
1609Ev. Woman in Hum. iii. i. in Bullen O. Pl. IV, Urge no more, 'tis *Taverne talke. 1638Ford Lady's Trial ii. ii, You are grown a tavern-talk, Matters for fiddlers' songs.
1598B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. i. iii, Drunk sir?..perhaps he swallow'd a *tauerne token, or some such deuise sir. 1604Meeting Gallants 17 Indeed he had swallowed downe many Tauerne⁓tokens, and was infected with the plague of drunkennes. 1604Dekker Hon. Wh. i. iv, If he have but..a spleene not so big as a taverne token.
Hence (mostly nonce-wds.), ˈtavernize v. intr., to frequent taverns; ˈtavernless a., devoid of taverns or inns; ˈtavernly a., smacking of the tavern; ˈtavernous a. [after cavernous], tavern-like; ˈtavernry, tavern-expenses; ˈtavernwards adv., towards a tavern.
1851Fraser's Mag. XLIV. 425 The frequent *tavernising, if we may coin a word, is another peculiarity. Pepys was a giant in this way, and sang and roystered..in the public houses of the day.
1897‘Mark Twain’ More Tramps Abroad lxxi, The Bishop..was once making a business-progress through the *tavernless velt.
1612Shelton Quix. (1746) I. iii. ii. 119 So returning him Thanks with *Tavernly Phraze for his large Offers.
1866Ld. Houghton Sp. in Life (1890) I. ii. 75 The low..ill-lit, cavernous, *tavernous gallery.
a1670Spalding Troub. Chas. I (1851) II. 102 Thay comptit and reknit for thair *tavernrie with ther mistressis.
1892Daily News 10 Mar. 2/4 Thirty young fellows..were promptly on the ‘double’ *tavernwards.
▪ II. ˈtavern, v. Now rare or Obs.
[f. prec. n., as a rendering of med.L. tabernāre, f. taberna (common in 14–15th c.).]
†1. trans. Of a leaseholder or copyholder: To subdivide his tenement; ? orig. to erect a cottage (taberna) on his holding, and apportion a piece of land to it. north. Obs.
[1365Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) I. 38 Idem Johannes illud [tenementum] tabernavit sine licencia. Ibid. 42 De Johanne Anderson pro licencia tabernandi unum cotagium. 1402Charta (Du Cange), Ne scolaribus detur occasio mercandi seu Tabernandi. ]1534Augm. Off., Convent. Leases, Yorks. No. 888 That the said Thomas and Roger his sonne..shall not taverne the said fermhold nor no parcell therof bot to dwell and remane of the said fermhold apon payn [etc.]. 1551Richmond Wills (Surtees) 72 If it happ my wife to latt or taverne any parte of said fermehold, (not beyng of habilitie to occupie the same) then I will that Roland my eldest sonne have it. 1575[see taverning 1]. 1577Eccl. Proc. Bp. Barnes (Surtees) 18 And doe not let out, lease out, or taverne out, their livings.
2. intr. To frequent taverns; also to tavern it.
1580, etc. [see taverning 2]. 1610Histrio-m. vi. 209 Each..taverns it with drunken suppers still.
†b. trans. with out: To spend in ‘taverning’.
1628Feltham Resolves ii. [i.] lvii. 164 When, like Nero, thou should'st Taverne out thy time with Wantons. |