| 释义 |
▪ I. † taw, n.1 Obs. rare.
[f. taw v.1]
1. Tawed leather; white leather.
c1562in J. T. Gilbert Calr. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1891) II. 23 Gloves, purses, whit tawe and suche like wurke apperteyninge to thoccupacion of glover.
2. A thong, whip, lash.
Perh. a different word; app. the sing. of taws, tawse (which is evidenced much earlier).
1787Grose Provinc. Gloss., Taw, a whip. N. 1853W. Watson Poems 28 (E.D.D.) The nippy taw Comes whiskin' whiles athort us a'. [1864Webster, Taw,..(pl.). A whip or instrument of punishment used by a schoolmaster.]
▪ II. taw, n.2|tɔː|
Also 8 tau, 9 tor.
[Origin unascertained, and order of senses uncertain: perh., like alley, ally n.2, an abbreviation.]
a. A large choice or fancy marble, often streaked or variegated, being that with which the player shoots.
1709Steele Tatler No. 30 ⁋1 He is hiding or hoarding his Taws and Marbles. a1761Cawthorn Wit & Learn. Poems (1771) 48 He minded but his top, or taw. 1807,1833[see ally n.2]. 1837Dickens Pickw. xxxiv, After enquiring, whether he had won any alley tors or commoneys lately. 1843Thackeray Irish Sk.-bk. xxiv, Large agate marbles or ‘taws’. a1845Hood Clapham Acad. xiv, Five who stoop The marble taw to speed. 1857Hughes Tom Brown i. iii, His small private box was full of peg-tops, white marbles (called ‘alley-taws’ in the Vale), [etc.]. 1876Grant Burgh Sch. Scotl. ii. v. 179 A still greater favourite is shooting a ‘taw’, which requires no small dexterity.
b. transf. A game played with such marbles.
1709Steele Tatler No. 112 ⁋3 A Game of Marbles, not unlike our modern Taw. 1784Cowper Tiroc. 307 To kneel and draw The chalky ring, and knuckle down at taw. 1798Sporting Mag. XII. 169 At cricket, taw, and prison-bars, He bore away the bell. 1840Thackeray Paris Sk.-bk. (1869) 45, I would lay a wager that..their school learning carried them..only to the game of taw.
c. The line from which the players shoot in playing the game. Hence in phrases: see quots.
1740Dyche & Pardon s.v. Knuckle, They frequently say, Knuckle down to your taw, or fit your hand exactly in the place where your marble lies. 1840Spirit of Times 7 Mar. 6 We have understood that Boston..will be en route for the stable..at Columbia, South Carolina—that is, if Wagner ‘comes to taw’. 1854A. E. Baker Northampt. Gloss. s.v., ‘Shoot from taw’. ‘You don't stand at taw’... ‘If you don't do so and so I'll bring you to taw’. 1868in Amer. Speech (1965) XL. 132 He smiles at all the girls he meets, And you smile at him on the crowded streets, Why don't you make him ‘come to taw’, I know he wants a mother-in-law. 1881Leicesters. Gloss. s.v., A ring is scratched on the ground, and at some distance from it a straight line called taw. Ibid., We thus get the phrases..‘come up to scratch’ and ‘come up to taw’. 1904W. N. Harben Georgians xxxii. 292 His wife's a bully woman; she fetched 'im to taw. 1934D. Runyon in Collier's 3 Mar. 41/1 Georges takes a wonderful liking to Princess O'Hara right from taw. 1935H. Davis Honey in Horn ix. 113 The only way Mrs. Yarbro could tell anything was to start from taw. 1956Coast to Coast 183 Starting off from taws with a big load to carry. 1969Sunday Truth (Brisbane) 5 Oct. 14/4 Without a share of overseas star shows, Seven has been battling from taws, but..is..getting stuck into the other networks with a ‘super-specials’ policy change.
▪ III. † taw, n.3 Obs. rare.
[Derivation unascertained.]
A rootlet, a fibre of a root.
1615W. Lawson Country Housew. Gard. (1626) 16 Though they get some hold in the earth with some lesser taw, or tawes, which giue some nourishment to the body of the tree. Ibid. 24 To dresse the roots of trees, to take away the tawes, and tangles, that lap and fret and grow superfluously. 1670Capt. J. Smith Eng. Improv. Reviv'd 58 A Plant by its Roots and Tawes, or Fibres, sucks in the Juice of the Earth. 1765Museum Rust. V. 117 Its root..is round, and thick set with taws.
▪ IV. taw, v.1|tɔː|
Forms: 1 tawian, 3 (Orm.) tawwenn, 3–4 tauwen, 4–6 tawe, 6– taw.
[OE. tawian = MLG., MDu., Du. touwen, LG. tauen, töwwen to prepare (leather), to tan, to curry, OHG. zawjan, zowjan (MHG. zouwen, zöuwen) to prepare, make, Goth. taujan to do, make:—OTeut. *tawôjan and *tawjan; from a stem taw-, tôw-, not certainly found in pre-Germanic.]
1. trans. To make ready, prepare, or dress (some raw material) for use, or for further manipulation; e.g. to soften (hides) by beating, to heckle (hemp), etc.; † in early use, to till (land).
a900tr. Bæda's Hist. iv. xxix. (1890) 366 Þa bæd se Godes man þæt him man isern ᵹeloman mid hwæte ðyder brohte þæt land mid to tawienne. c1200Ormin 15903 All swa summ þe nowwt i ploh Þe turrnenn erþe & tawwenn. 1545Rates of Customs C v, Sylke tawe[d] and died the pounde viii s. 1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions ii. ix. 193 He..taweth the skinne betwixte his handes, vntill it become very souple and soft. 1628Robin Goodfellow ii. (1841) 28 And whilst that they did nimbly spin, The hempe he needs must taw. 1651Biggs New Disp. Pref. 7 Being tawed open by wedge after wedge. 1861Jrnl. Brit. Archæol. Assoc. Mar. 20 A slick-stone for tawing or softening hides by friction.
2. spec. To make (skins) into leather by steeping them, after suitable preparation, in a solution of alum and salt; the product is white and pliant, and is known as alum, white, or Hungarian leather.
(In early quots., not separable from sense 1.)
a1225Ancr. R. 418 Þet heo [ower cloðes] beon unorne & warme, & wel i-wrouhte—uelles wel i-tauwed. a1300Sat. People Kildare ix. in E.E.P. (1862) 154 Daþeit þe sotter þat tawiþ ȝure leþir. c1410Master of Game (MS. Digby 182) vi, Þe furrure..is not feyre; and also it stynketh euer, but if hit be wele ytawede. 1474Coventry Leet Bk. (E.E.T.S.) 401 The sise of a whittawer is that he make nor tawe no maner of lether but Shepes lether, Gettes lethir, deris ledur, horse-lethir, or houndes-lether. 1560Let. in Hakluyt Voy. (1598) I. 307 If you send 100 of them [seal skins] tawed with the haire on, they will bee solde, or else not. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 45 The hides..being tawed and wrought artificially they make garments of them. 1613Fletcher, etc. Captain iii. iii, Yes if they taw him as they do whit-leather Upon an iron. 1711Lond. Gaz. No. 4862/4 Mills..where they shall Tan, Taw or Dress..any such Hides. 1877Knight Dict. Mech., Tawing, a process of tanning in which mineral agents are substituted for vegetable extracts. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 88/1 Carefully-prepared goat-skin, tanned, tawed, dyed, and grained.
†3. fig. To treat (a person) abusively or with contumely; to vex, torment; to harass, afflict; to abuse, outrage, profane. Obs.
c893K. ælfred Oros. iv. i. §1 Þa þe þær ᵹefongne wæron, hie tawedan mid þære mæstan unieðnesse. c1000ælfric Saints' Lives (1890) II. 102 Forðan ðe he godes templ tawode to bysmore. c1000― Hom. II. 486 And se deofol eow tawode þurh his drymen. a1023Wulfstan Hom. xxxiii. (Napier) 162 [Hi] scendað and tawjað to bysmore þæs þeᵹnes cwenan and hwilum his dohtor. 13..Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. liv. 76 To a piler I was I-piht, Togget and tauwed al þe niht. 1549Chaloner Erasm. on Folly G ij, To be briefe, they are not tawed nor plucked asunder with a thousand thousand cares.
b. To whip, flog, thrash. Obs. exc. dial.
1600Holland Livy viii. xxviii. 301 He caused him to be stripped naked, and whipping cheare to be presented unto him. The poore stripling thus pitteously tawed and torn, ran forth into the open street. 1614B. Jonson Barth. Fair iv. iv, You know where you were taw'd lately, both lash'd, and slash'd you were in Bridewell. 1682D'Urfey Butler's Ghost 43 Truss'd on her Knee she'd briskly taw him, And, like Virago, clapperclaw him. 1863Sala Capt. Dangerous viii, I grew sick of being tawed for offences I had never committed. 1883Cleland Inchbracken xvi. 126, I would have her tawed through the town at the cart's tail.
▪ V. taw, v.2 Chiefly dial.|tɔː|
[f. taw n.2]
intr. To shoot or aim with a taw or marble.
1863Mrs. Toogood Yorks. Dial., You don't taw fairly. 1883Almondbury & Huddersf. Gloss. s.v. Hundreds, When..the one who is on for his pizings manages to taw into the hole, the game is concluded. 1898[see tawer2].
▪ VI. taw
obs. form of tau, tow. |