| 释义 |
refusal|rɪˈfjuːzəl|
Also 5 refusaile, 5–7 refusall, -fusel(l, 7 Sc. refuissall.
[f. refuse v.1 + -al1 4.]
1. The act of refusing; a denial or rejection of something demanded or offered.
1474Rolls of Parlt. VI. 118/2 Any of the said Commyssioners or Collectours provyng the same refusell. 1523Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII, c. 2 The same estranger..to whom such refusel shalbe made. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 107 b, Where the reasons of theyr refusall may be heard. 1607Norden Surv. Dial. i. 35 It were very foolishness in a Tenant, for wilfull refusall thereof, to indanger the same. 1671Milton Samson 1330 Do they not seek occasion of new quarrels, On my refusal, to distress me more..? 1776Gibbon Decl. & F. xiv. I. 404 It was impossible long to refuse so natural a request..without maintaining his refusal by arms. 1847–9Helps Friends in C. (1851) I. 15 Accepting only for the fear of giving offence by refusal. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 448 If he refuse, he shall be liable to be convicted by law of refusal to serve.
b. spec. in the game of écarté, the action of the dealer in refusing to allow a discard. Hence refusal hand, a hand on which the dealer should refuse to allow a discard.
1877Encycl. Brit. VII. 621/1 Proposal, acceptance, or refusal made cannot be retracted. 1878‘Cavendish’ Ecarté 53 The cases are few in which, with a refusal, he will only make three or four tricks. Ibid. 58 His hand should be stronger than those given in the refusal hands.
c. Of a horse: (see refuse v. 3 c).
1856‘Stonehenge’ Brit. Rural Sports 383 A refusal is never desirable, as the horse..is apt to repeat it. 1857Lawrence Guy Liv. xiv. 131 The mare was so savage and sulky still that a refusal seemed a certainty.
d. Absolute resistance of a pile to further driving; the point at which this takes place.
1847E. Cresy Encycl. Civ. Engin. (1856) 1070 The refusal of a pile to advance does not always insure it having arrived at a proper bed. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1911/2 The refusal of a pile intended to support 13½ tons may be taken at 10 blows of a ram of 1,350 pounds [etc.].
†2.
a. Repudiation (of a wife), divorce.
b. Abandonment (of a party). Obs. rare.
1531Dial. Laws Eng. i. xxvi. F vij, Mosyes suffred a byll of refusell to the Iues. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 845 Many others, leuyng king Richarde, turned and came to the part of the Erle of Richmonde... Which refusall of king Richardes parte [etc.].
3. The chance of refusing some thing, office, or the like before it is offered to others; the privilege or right of having it placed at one's disposal for acceptance; esp. in phr. to have the refusal of.
1571Reg. Privy Council Scot. II. 80 His Presentatioun—togidder with the refusall of the kirk abone-writtin. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage v. xvii. (1614) 546 If any of his subiects hath any precious stone of value, and make not him the offer of it, it is death to him; he must haue the refusall of all. 1640Boston (U.S.) Rec. (1877) II. 54 Chrystopher Stanley is promised the refusall of six acres of upland..yf it be there to be sould. 1708Swift Sacram. Test Wks. 1755 II. i. 126 When employments go a begging for want of hands, they shall be sure to have the refusal. 1812Sinclair Syst. Husb. Scot. i. Add. 17 The stock kept upon turnips or clover, have the refusal of water at all times when soiling. 1887Times (weekly ed.) 14 Oct. 15/1 They had the first refusal of any concessions he might obtain.
4. That which has been refused or rejected.
1746H. Walpole Lett. (1846) II. 166 Ireland is to be offered to Lord Harrington, or the Presidentship; and the Duke of Dorset, now president, is to have the other's refusal. 1748Richardson Clarissa (1811) II. 102 And next, with her pride, to take her sister's refusals, as she once phrased it. |