| 释义 |
aluminium|ˌæl(j)uːˈmɪnɪəm|
[a modification of aluminum, the name given by its discoverer, Sir H. Davy c 1812 (for which he had first of all used alumium), f. alumina. The termination -ium now preferred harmonizes best with other names of elements, as sodium, potassium, magnesium, lithium, selenium, etc. Both alumium and aluminum lived for some time.]
a. A metal, white, sonorous, ductile, and malleable, very light, not oxidized in the air, used for instruments, ornaments, and as an alloy. In Chem. it has the symbol Al., is tetratomic, has alumina as its oxide, and the alums as its chief salts.
1812Q. Rev. VIII. 72 Aluminium, for so we shall take the liberty of writing the word, in preference to aluminum, which has a less classical sound. 1835Hoblyn Dict. Med. 6 Aluminium, the metallic base of alumina. 1845Vest. Creation ii. (ed. 3) 34 Aluminium..is another abundant elementary substance. c1860Faraday Forces of Nat. i. 195 note, Aluminium is 2½ times heavier than water. 1869Eng. Mech. 14 May 187/3 Some Belgian manufacturer has just had a bell cast of aluminium. 1876C. Geikie Life in Woods xxv. 399 Science got the beautiful metal aluminium out of the clay which ignorance trod under foot.
b. attrib. in chem. compounds, as aluminium chloride (also chloride of aluminium, and aluminic chloride), aluminium fluoride, aluminium sulphate (sulphate of alumina), aluminium silicate, etc. Also in aluminium brass, an alloy of aluminium and brass; aluminium-bronze, a beautiful and important alloy (or chemical compound) of aluminium and copper; aluminium foil, paper-thin sheet aluminium, used as wrapping material, etc.; aluminium hydroxide, a compound used in medicine and industry.
1862Morn. Star 21 May The specimens of aluminium-bronze, as it is called, have a fine golden hue, which appears to especial advantage in combination with the pure metal. 1863Watts Dict. Chem. (1879) I. 154 General character and reactions of Aluminium compounds. 1866Roscoe Elem. Chem. xx. 181 Aluminium chloride, Al2Cl6, is a volatile yellow solid body..; it is used in the manufacture of the metal. Ibid., The soluble aluminium sulphate, Al23SO4, is prepared..for the use of the dyer by decomposing clay by acting upon it with sulphuric acid. 1871Ibid. (ed. 3) xvii. 188 The hydroxides..may be represented as six molecules of water in which half of the hydrogen is replaced by a hexad group, thus: Aluminium hydroxide..(or Hydrate of Alumina). 1873Fownes Chem. 372 Aluminium Sulphate crystallises in thin pearly plates, soluble in 2 parts of water. a1875Knight Dict. Mech. I. 70/2 The uses to which aluminium bronze is applicable are various... For certain parts, such as journals of engines..it has proved itself superior to all other metals. 1892Photography Ann. II. 71 Aluminium foil is easily ignited and gives no smoke. 1907G. S. Newth Inorg. Chem. (ed. 12) iii. viii. 618 Aluminium hydroxide unites with many soluble organic colouring-matters, and precipitates them from solution as lakes. 1909Cent. Dict. Suppl., Aluminium brass. 1934Discovery June 162/2 It [sc. Alucol, a patent medicine] was aluminium hydroxide, and was given in doses of 1 grm. from three to six times a day. 1958A. D. Merriman Dict. Metall. 8/1 Aluminium Bronze, this is the name conferred on a series of copper-aluminium alloys which may or may not also contain additions of iron, manganese, nickel, tin and zinc... It has been used for making imitation gold cigarette cases and trinkets. 1959Engineering 20 Feb. 250/1 The heat transmission properties of aluminium brass are good, and the material is remarkably resistant to corrosion. 1962House & Garden Jan. 54/2, 2 pieces of aluminium foil to cover breasts of chicken. 1964N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. 546 Aluminium chloride, AlCl3, is a pale yellow, fuming, hygroscopic solid, which hydrolyses in contact with water. |