| 释义 |
Illyrian, a. and n.|ɪˈlɪrɪən|
[f. L. Illyrius, a. Gr. Ἰλλυριός.]
A. adj.
1. Of or pertaining to the Illyrians or to ancient Illyria (or Illyricum), a country lying east of the Adriatic and at an early period extending northwards to the Danube.
1553N. Grimalde tr. Cicero's Bookes of Dueties (1558) ii. f. 88v Bargulus, the Illirian robber, of whom mention is made in Theopompus. 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, iv. i. 108 Bargulus the strong Illyrian Pyrate. 1678J. Davies tr. Appian (title) The History of Appian, of Alexandria. In Two Parts. The First, consisting of the Punick, Syrian, Parthian, Mithridatick, Illyrian, Spanish, and Hannibalick, Wars. 1776Gibbon Decl. & F. I. i. 27 The provinces of the Danube soon acquired the general appellation of Illyricum, or the Illyrian frontier. 1797Encycl. Brit. II. 714/2 The Heneti, an Illyrian people. 1880Ibid. XII. 709/1 The Danube..was the limit of the Illyrian tribes towards the north. 1935Huxley & Haddon We Europeans vi. 179 The Dinaric (Illyrian) type [of people] is found on both sides of the northern Adriatic, the Illyrian mountain system with extensions to the north and south. 1953[see Bandkeramik].
b. Of or belonging to Illyria, a former division of Austria-Hungary, since 30 October 1918 forming part of Yugoslavia.
Illyrian Provinces, a division, made by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1809, of various Austrian territories lying north and east of the Adriatic, and abolished in 1814–15, after which it was made a nominal kingdom of the Austrian Empire.
1820C. Kelly Hist. French Revolution I. xiii. 614 The treaty of Vienna has given to France a great extent of territory on the Adriatic sea: this territory is formed into the Illyrian republic. 1838Penny Cycl. XII. 445/2 Napoleon,..in 1809, gave to several tracts of territory ceded by Austria.. the name of the Illyrian Provinces. 1845Encycl. Metrop. XIII. 1084/2 Meanwhile the war in the Illyrian provinces..received a fresh complication from the secession of Bavaria from the French alliance. Ibid. XX. 559/1 The Emperor of Austria rules the Illyrian Kingdom with uncontrolled authority. 192119th Cent. May 856 The Illyrian provinces..provided a strong bulwark against Austria. 1965New Cambr. Mod. Hist. IX. xi. 331 The Illyrian provinces taken from Austria in 1809 remained directly under the control of Napoleon through a governor-general.
c. In literary use, pertaining to the regions lying along the east coast of the Adriatic.
This corresponds to the literary use of Illyria, which was retained even when the name had no political significance.
1852M. Arnold Empedocles on Etna i. ii. 41 The Adriatic breaks in a warm bay Among the green Illyrian hills... There those two live, far in the Illyrian brakes. 1853Tennyson To E. L. in Poems 352 Illyrian woodlands, echoing falls Of water. 1950J. C. Fennessy Way to Sea xvii. 131 Lapis lazuli blue as the Illyrian sea.
d. Used in the names of breeds of dog that originated in this part of Yugoslavia, as Illyrian hound, Illyrian sheepdog.
1935Discovery Oct. 310/2 The fierce dogs of the Yugoslav South..are now officially called Illyrian Sheepdogs. 1948A. Lokar in B. Vesey-Fitzgerald Bk. Dog ii. 519 The Illyrian Sheepdog is..the best-known Yugoslav sheep-herding dog and is in big demand in the hills in summer, and in the valleys when the sheep and goats come down for winter feeding. 1964E. F. Daglish tr. Schneider-Leyer's Dogs of World 198 The Illyrian Hound is not directly descended from the oft-mentioned Celtic Hound. 1971F. Hamilton World Encycl. Dogs 376 Illyrian Hound. This medium-sized hound is named for Illyria, that ill-defined region of present-day Yugoslavia which borders the Adriatic.
2. Pertaining to the group of ancient dialects represented by the modern Albanian; also, to a division of the eastern branch of the Slavonic languages.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 10 Cynocephales, are a kinde of Apes... In the French, Germain, and Illyrian tongues, they are called of some Babian. 1824J. Johnson Typographia II. 444 The names to the above letters are in the Illyrian and Servian tongues. 1833Penny Cycl. I. 256/2 The hypothesis of the Albanians being descended from the Illyrians, cannot receive confirmation from comparing it with the old Illyrian tongue. 1928C. Dawson Age of Gods xvi. 375 Our knowledge of the Illyrian languages is so slight.
B. n.
1. One of an Indo-European people who inhabited ancient Illyria, and who were conquered by the Romans in the third and second centuries b.c.
1584B. Rich tr. Herodotus' Famous Hystory f. 62v, The people Eneti comming of the Illyrians. 1788Lemprière Classical Dict. s.v. Pausanias, He accompanied the prince in an expedition against the Illyrians. 1880Encycl. Brit. XII. 709/1 It would not be easy to draw any line of demarcation at this early time between the Illyrians and their neighbours on the west, south, and east. 1928C. Dawson Age of Gods xiv. 325 The Bronze Age in Eastern Europe. The Thracians and the Illyrians. 1935Huxley & Haddon We Europeans vii. 213 The Albanians are in part the descendants of the old Illyrians and are noteworthy for the preservation of many archaic customs and of a primitive form of Aryan language. 1949Oxf. Classical Dict. 966/1 Zeus..is found as ‘Father’, which attribute is very common in Greek too, among the Romans, Indians, and Illyrians.
2. An inhabitant of the former Austrian kingdom of Illyria.
1836N. Wiseman Lect. Doctr. Cath. Ch. I. vii. 256 M. Boraga, an Illyrian, obtained permission of the Bishop to open a new mission among the Indians on the Grand River.
3. A member of the Slavonic race now living in the territory of ancient Illyria; also applied loosely to any people inhabiting this region, without reference to the various political meanings of the name.
1845Encycl. Metrop. XIII. 533/2 Fortunately at this crisis he [sc. Leopold II] obtained the support of the Illyrians.
4. The language of Illyria, or the group of ancient dialects represented by the modern Albanian; also, a division of the eastern branch of the Slavonic languages, spoken in the same or adjacent districts.
1888J. Wright tr. Brugmann's Elem. Compar. Gram. Indo-Gmc. Lang. I. 12 Russian..Bulgarian and Illyrian. 1904[see Eteocretan a. and n.]. 1912W. W. Skeat Sci. Etym. 127 There is, however, sufficient evidence to show that the Old Illyrian was an independent descendant from the original Indo-germanic stock. 1958P. Kemp No Colours or Crest v. 76 Indeed Albanian, which is supposed to be derived from ancient Illyrian, must be one of the most difficult of European languages to learn.
So Iˈllyric a. [ad. L. Illyricus, Gr. Ἰλλυρικός], Iˈllyrican n. = Illyrian n. 4. Hence ˈIllyrism, (a) advocacy of Slovene, Croatian, and Serb nationalism; (b) see quot. 1957; so ˈIllyrist a. and n.
1753R. Clayton Jrnl. from Cairo to Sinai 34 We had in our company persons who were acquainted with Arabic, Greek,..Illyrican, German [etc.]. 1838Penny Cycl. XII. 447/2 Antient Illyria..was inhabited by a people called by the general name of the Illyric nations. 1854E. O. S. Hungary & its Revolutions 236 Louis Gay, a young man of literary attainments,..took the lead in a movement which obtained the name of Illyrism. 1877Encycl. Brit. VI. 783/2 The so-called Morlacks, or Dalmatians proper, who..speak a Slavonic dialect usually distinguished as the Illyric. 1910Ibid. VII. 475/2 A nationalist or ‘Illyrist’ party was formed..to combat Hungarian influences. Ibid., Conflicts between Illyrists and Magyarists. Ibid., The Hungarians had obtained a royal manifesto hostile to Illyrism. 1957Ibid. XX. 789/2 Between the Slovenes and the Croats there are transition dialects, and about 1840 there was an attempt (Illyrism) to establish a common literary language. |