| 释义 |
▪ I. illegitimate, a. (n.)|ɪlɪˈdʒɪtɪmət|
[f. L. illēgitim-us (see illegitime), after legitimate a.]
A. adj.
1. Not legitimate, not in accordance with or authorized by law; unauthorized, unwarranted; spurious; irregular, improper.
1645Milton Tetrach. (1851) 194 Who shall judge of public honesty? the Law of God..or the illegitimat Law of Monks and Canonists? 1790Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 117 A thing not only vicious in itself, but..rendering our whole government absolutely illegitimate, and not at all better than a downright usurpation. 1874H. R. Reynolds John Bapt. iii. i. 132 Illegitimate aspirants to the prophetic and priestly offices. 1876Trevelyan Macaulay I. v. 281 A living embodiment..of illegitimate curiosity.
2. spec.
a. Not born in lawful wedlock; not recognized by law as lawful offspring; spurious, bastard. (The earliest sense in Eng.)
1536Act 28 Hen. VIII, c. 7 §3 Elysabeth the kynges doughter illegyttimate borne vnder the same mariage. 1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions i. v. 72 Ther is no child emong them, though it be borne of a bought woman slaue, that is compted illegitimate. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. v. vii. 18, I am a Bastard begot, Bastard instructed, Bastard in minde, Bastard in valour, in euery thing illegitimate. 1827Jarman Powell's Devises (ed. 3) II. 343 The testator having four children, three legitimate and one illegitimate, (the latter being the child of himself and his wife born before their marriage). 1879Froude Cæsar xii. 152 There is no record of any illegitimate children.
b. Not in accordance with rule or reason; not correctly deduced or inferred.
1599Shakes. Much Ado iii. iv. 50 O illegitimate construction! I scorne that with my heeles. 1664H. More Myst. Iniq., Apol. 513, I propound all these waies of division as false and illegitimate. 1773Reid Aristotle's Log. iv. §4. 82 As to the illegitimate modes, Aristotle has taken the labour to try and condemn them. 1864Bowen Logic vii. 184 Throwing out at once all [the Syllogistic forms] that are illegitimate.
c. Naturally or physiologically abnormal. By Darwin applied to the irregular or abnormal fertilization of plants.
1615Crooke Body of Man 334, I call that a lawfull or legitimate birth which commeth in due time, & that illigitimate which happeneth before or after the due time. 1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. 411 The scirrhus thereof..if it be illegitimate and degenerat into a cancer; it's cured, by universal evacuation. 1868Darwin Anim. & Pl. xviii. II. 166 The illegitimate unions of reciprocally dimorphic or trimorphic plants. 1875Ibid. (ed. 2) xix. II. 166 These illegitimate plants, as they may be called, are not fully fertile.
d. Racing. Formerly applied to steeplechasing and hurdle racing as distinguished from flat-racing.
So called from the fact that before the formation of the Grand National Hunt Committee these forms of racing were not under any rules and were not recognized by any racing tribunal.
1888Daily Chron. 31 Oct. (Farmer), A much smarter performer at the illegitimate game than she was on the flat. 1889Barrère & Leland Dict. Slang I. 481/2 Illegitimate season, also called the dead season. 1898A. E. T. Watson Turf viii. 171 The Jockey Club gave no countenance to ‘illegitimate’ sport.
e. Of drama: more concerned with spectacle than with literary quality. Cf. legitimate a. 2 b.
1812Dramatic Censor 1811 158 We are grieved to behold that hunger for spectacle, and the illegitimate Drama, which so glaringly prevails with the more numerous and coarser part of an English Public. 1842Times 28 Jan., A magnificent Barbary lion, trained for performing in the illegitimate drama, 105 guineas. 1949Archit. Rev. CV. 122/1 The popular tradition, which cared little about lines of demarcation between the ‘legitimate’ and ‘illegitimate’ stage.
B. n.
a. A bastard.
b. One whose position is viewed as in some way illegitimate; spec. a free settler in Australia (Obs. exc. Hist.).
1673[R. Leigh] Transp. Reh. 47 Some of your papers may..dye the common death of illegitimates. 1827P. Cunningham N.S. Wales II. 116 The legitimates, such as have legal reasons for visiting this colony; and the illegitimates, or such as are free from that stigma. 1836(title) The Bar Sinister, or Memoirs of an Illegitimate. 1856J. Glyde Suffolk 87, In 1842, the illegitimates were, in Suffolk, 8·1 per cent. 1941Baker Dict. Austral. Slang 37 Illegitimates, free settlers (obs.). 1945― Austral. Lang. ii. 42 These were the type of people who styled themselves the aristocracy, sterling..and, since they had no ‘legal’ reasons for coming to Australia..also bore the title illegitimates. 1966G. W. Turner Eng. Lang. Austral. & N.Z. i. 9 Historians..may draw on illegitimates or pure merinos as the Australian equivalent of a donnish joke, but they are not current in general Australian speech.
▪ II. illegitimate, v.|ɪlɪˈdʒɪtɪmeɪt|
[f. prec.: cf. legitimate v.]
trans. To declare or pronounce illegitimate; to bastardize.
1611Cotgr., Morte-main,..the succession of, or estate left by, illegitimated bastards. 1624T. Scott Vox Cœli 7 To illigitimate Don Anthony,..who was the first and neerest heire vnto that Crowne. a1715Burnet Own Time (1766) II. 84 They were by Acts of Parliament illegitimated. 1828D. le Marchant Rep. Claims Barony Gardner p. xi, Evidence which the English law deems sufficient, for illegitimating children, born during the matrimony of their maternal parent. |