| 释义 |
‖ Pashto, Pushtoo, -tu, n. and a.|ˈpaʃtoː, ˈpʌʃtuː|
Also Pakhto, -tu, Pushto.
[a. Pers. paʃtō, Afghan păχtō.
(The second consonant, written as sin with dot above and below, is pronounced by Western Afghans nearly as Pers. shin (ʃ or sh), by Eastern Afghans nearly as (x or kh); hence the name has been also transliterated as Pukhto, Pakhtu, Pukshto, and in many other ways. See Lepsius Standard Alphabet, and the Grammars and Dictionaries of Raverty, Trumpff, Bellew, Lorimer, etc.)]
The native name of the language of the Afghans, intermediate in character between the Iranian and Sanskritic families of the Aryan languages.
1784H. Vansittart Let. 3 Mar. in Asiatick Researches (1790) II. 67 A book written in the Pushto language by Husain. Ibid. 68, I also submit a specimen of their language, which is called by them Pukhto; but this word is softened in Persian into Pushto. 1790Asiatick Researches II. 76 The Pushto language, of which I have seen a dictionary, has a manifest resemblance to the Chaldaick. 1815Elphinstone Acc. Caubul ii. ii. 168 The principal person present..repeats a Pushtoo verse, importing that ‘Events are with God, but deliberation is allowed to man’. 1841J. Wilson in G. Smith Life vii. (1878) 153 He talks nothing but Persian and Pushtoo. 1859C. Forster New Key for Recov. Lost Ten Tribes 242 note, The Dictionary of the Pushtoo language. 1878R. N. Cust Lang. E. Indies 29 The Pushtu, or Pakhtu, is the Language of the Afghans or Putáns. 1933L. Bloomfield Lang. 62 Afghan (Pushto), with some 4 million speakers. 1939L. H. Gray Found. Lang. 320 Besides Persian, the Modern Iranian dialects are Kurdish.., Balōčī and Afghān or Puštū, each with two principal sub-divisions, and..Ossetic. 1955Times 25 May 10/3 The demand for the independence of the Pakhto- (or Pushtu-)speaking people could possibly assume some apparent validity. 1956J. Whatmough Language 29 In the Pamirs dialects of Persian proper and some related dialects as Kurdish, Pashtu (in Afghanistan).., also have maintained their hold. 1962Chavarria-Aguilar & Penzl in Householder & Saporta Probl. Lexicogr. 238 Pashto is taught in the elementary schools of West Pakistan's Pashto-speaking areas. 1964H. H. Paper tr. Shafeev's Short Gramm. Outl. Pashto Introd., Pashto is the language of the people who inhabit Afghanistan and the northwest part of Pakistan. The Afghans themselves call their language paštó (in the east paxtó). 1965Language XLI. 529 Only very rarely is there a discrepancy between the Pashto examples and the English translations. 1973Times 22 Mar. (Pakistan Suppl.) p. ii/2 In Karachi, the provincial capital, Urdu-speakers probably account for about 70 per cent of the population, with Punjabis and Pashto-speakers—the latter mainly members of an itinerant Pathan labour force—making up a further 20 per cent. 1974Times 30 Apr. 7/7 It should be ascertained whether the Pushto-speaking people wanted to stay with Pakistan, merge with Afghanistan or have an independent country. |