| 释义 |
▪ I. vagabond, a. and n.|ˈvægəbɒnd|
Forms: 5–6 vagabound(e, -bunde, 5–6, 8 -bund, 5–7 -bonde, 7– vagabond; 6 Sc. wagabund, -bond; 7, 9 dial., vagabone, 9 dial. -bon.
[a. OF. vagabond (14th c.) or ad. L. vagābund-us, f. vagārī to wander. Cf. mod.F. vagabond, It. vagabondo, Sp. and Pg. vagabundo, vagamundo; also G. vagabund, -bond, Sw. vagabond, Du. vagebond. As a n. the form finally takes the place of the earlier vacabond.]
A. adj.
1. Of persons, etc.: Roaming or wandering from place to place without settled habitation or home; leading a wandering life; nomadic.
a. In predicative use.
1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 16842 O thow blyssed Lady, hyde hem that flen vnto the for helpe, and they that be vagabonde, dyscoure hem nat. 1533Bellenden Livy i. xii. (S.T.S.) I. 71 Mony of þir pepill vagabound and ouresett with pouerte tuke wagis of þe sabynis. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 322 He staw away..and ȝeid wagabund dissagyssit ane lang quhill. 1838Stephens Trav. in Russia 96/1 Dispersed and vagabond, exiled from their native soil and air, they wander over the face of the earth.
fig.c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 256 My look, myn eyen, unswre and vagabounde. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 16 To Heav'n thir prayers Flew up, nor missd the way, by envious windes Blow'n vagabond or frustrate.
b. In attrib. use (occas. hyphened).
1555Eden Decades i. ix. (Arb.) 97 Owre men suppose them to bee a vagabunde and wanderinge nacion lyke vnto the Scythians. 1602Mountjoy Letter in Moryson Itin. (1617) ii. 233 How, as a Vagabond Woodkerne hee may preserve his life,..I know not. 1640tr. Verdere's Rom. of Rom. iii. 31, I have for my brother and Soveraign, the Prince of Greece, whom but even now I beheld to be a vagabond Girle. 1691tr. Emiliane's Observ. Journ. Naples 226 They become soon weary of it, and then turn Vagabond-Hermits. 1726Ayliffe Parergon 181 A vagabond Debtor may be cited in whatever Place or Jurisdiction he is found. 1784Cowper Task i. 559 A vagabond and useless tribe there eat Their miserable meal. 1819Scott Ivanhoe xxix, Those ballads which vagabond minstrels sing to drunken churls. 1857Hughes Tom Brown i, We are a vagabond nation now.
transf.1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. i. iv. 45 This common bodie, Like to a Vagabond Flagge vpon the Streame, Goes too, and backe. 1638Wilkins New World xii. (1707) 98 The Concourse of many little Vagabond Stars, by the union of their Beams. 1868Lockyer Guillemin's Heavens (ed. 3) 299 Those vagabond bodies, the comets.
†c. spec. Of soldiers or sailors. Obs.
1748Lind Lett. Rel. Navy (1757) ii. 85 If they are to be set at liberty, who are accused of perjury, how is a vagabond seaman to be found, when he comes to England? 1813Wellington in Gurw. Desp. (1838) X. 519, I do not know what measures to take about our vagabond soldiers.
†2. (See quot. and cf. extravagant a. 2.) Obs.
1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 258 Ȝit is thare othir lawis callit lawis extravaganis, that is for to say lawis vagaboundis, that ar nocht incorporit in othir bukis of lawis of Lombardy.
3. Inclined to stray or gad about without proper occupation; leading an unsettled, irregular, or disreputable life; good-for-nothing, rascally, worthless.
1630Greene's Fr. Bacon ii. i. (Q.2), Where be these vagabond [1594 vacabond] knaues, that they attend no better on their Master? 1682Burnet Rights Princes ii. 66 Some idle vagabond Clarks that had procured themselves to be put in Orders. 1741–3Wesley Jrnl. (1749) 9 A clergyman came into the..room, and ask'd aloud, with a tone unusually sharp, ‘Where those vagabond fellows were?’ 1777W. Dalrymple Trav. Sp. & Port. civ, A most vagabond crew! 1836W. Irving Astoria II. 123 He took a ceremonious leave of the Crow chieftain, and his vagabond warriors. c1870B. Harte Coyotte Poems (1886) 16 Lop-eared and large-jointed, but ever alway A thoroughly vagabond outcast in gray.
4. Of or pertaining to, characteristic or distinctive of, a homeless wanderer.
1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iii. xviii. 104 By suche vagabounde beggerie, they make..beleeue, that they canne foresay and deuine. 1607Shakes. Cor. iii. iii. 89 Let them pronounce the steepe Tarpeian death, Vagabond exile,..I would not buy Their mercie. 1653R. Sanders Physiogn. 40 Voyages by Sea and Land, and a vagabond life. 1698Crowne Caligula iv. Dram. Wks. 1874 IV. 406 Rase from thy memory my sinful hours, And all my little vagabond amours. 1726De Foe Hist. Devil i. vi. (1840) 73 Satan being confined to a vagabond, wandering, unsettled condition. 1824W. Irving T. Trav. II. 27 They have the true vagabond abhorrence of all useful..employments. 1841Borrow Zincali I. i. i. 7 Abandoning his vagabond propensities and becoming stationary. 1872Blackie Lays Highl. Introd. 13 This book is well-suited for your migratory needs, and vagabond habits.
5. fig. Roving, straying; not subject to control or restraint.
1635Quarles Embl. iv. i, My heart is a vain heart, a vagabond and unstable heart. 1643Milton Divorce Introd., The brood of Belial,..to whom no liberty is pleasing but unbridl'd and vagabond lust without pale or partition. a1680Butler Rem. (1759) II. 455 The Inconstant has a vagabond Soul, without any settled Place of Abode. 1878Morley Carlyle 195 In that house are many mansions, the boisterous sanctuary of a vagabond polytheism.
B. n.
1. a. One who has no fixed abode or home, and who wanders about from place to place; spec. one who does this without regular occupation or obvious means of support; an itinerant beggar, idle loafer, or tramp; a vagrant.
αc1485Digby Myst. (1882) iv. 653 Now shall all the cursinges of your lawe, Opon yow [i.e. the Jews] fall most myschevose, & be knawen of vagabundes ouer awe. 1496Ld. Bothwell in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. I. 24 Evere day throw þam þir vagabunds escapis, cummyn to Perkin. 1582Stanyhurst æneis i. (Arb.) 25 And yeet theese wretched vagabunds hard destenye scourgeth.
β1495Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 2 Every vagabounde, heremyte, or beggar able to labre, or clerk, pilgryme, or shipman. 1533Bellenden Livy i. xii. (S.T.S.) I. 69 Gif þai suld pas as vagaboundis and vncertane pepill throw þare howsis. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 354 The dogge..defend[s] our houses from theeues, vagaboundes, lewde fellowes. 1594R. Ashley tr. Loys le Roy 60 b, Some of them hauing bin vagabounds and beggers. 1635Reg. Privy Counc. Scotl. Ser. ii. VI. 5 Haveing corrupted all the equipage of the ship, who are bot vagabounds. 1706Stevens Span. Dict., Vagamundear, to play the vagabound, to strole about.
γ1526Tindale Acts xvii. 5 The iewes..toke vnto them evyll men wich were vagabondes and gadered a company. 1575in Maitland Club Misc. I. 120 All wagabondis and idill personis that hes nocht quhairupoun to sustene thame selfis. 1577Holinshed Descr. Brit. iii. v. 106 b, The third [sort] consisteth of thriftlesse poore, as..the vagabond that will abide no wheres, but runneth vp and downe from place to place (as it were seeking woorke and finding none). 1605London Prodigal v. i, For shame, betake you to some honest Trade And liue not thus so like a Vagabond. a1629Hinde J. Bruen xxx. (1641) 94 Such assemblies are..a very randavous of all rogues, and vagabonds. 1684Burnet tr. More's Utopia 22 If they do this, they are put in Prison as idle Vagabonds. 1736Gentl. Mag. VI. 718/1 A Bill..for the more effectual punishing Rogues and Vagabonds. 1796H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) I. 376 His relations, dishonoured in the public estimation, abandon their home, and become vagabonds. 1833H. Martineau Three Ages iii. 95 Issuing forth as a vagabond to spread the infection of idleness and vice. 1849James Woodman xviii, We have more vagabonds in the forest than I like. 1873‘Ouida’ Pascarèl II. iii. i. 8 He was a stroller and a vagabond, so far as social status went, an idle rogue.
transf.16022nd Pt. Return Parnass. iii. iv. 1352 You grandsyre Phœbus with your louely eye, The firmaments eternall vagabond.
Comb.1579–80North Plutarch (1657) 233 They were loose people and abjects..who vagabondlike wandred up and down the Countrey. 1816Tuckey Narr. Exped. R. Zaire i. (1818) 16 This corps being composed of the most ragged, bare-legged, sans-culotte vagabond-looking wretches.
δ1567Harman (title), A Caueat..for Commen Cursetors Vulgarely called Vagabones. 1602Narcissus (1893) 124 Wee ar noe vagabones, wee ar no arrant Rogues that doe runne with plaies about the country. [1842: see 2 b.] 1901Trotter Gall. Gossip 188 Rogues an vagabons.
b. A nomad. rare.
1756Nugent Montesquieu xx. ii. (1758) II. 3 Hospitality..is found in the most admirable perfection among nations of vagabonds. 1837W. Irving Capt. Bonneville III. 108 They claimed..to be thorough mountaineers, and first-rate hunters—the common boast of these vagabonds of the wilderness.
c. vagabond's discoloration, vagabond's disease, vagabond's skin (see quots.).
1876Greenhow in Trans. Clinical Soc. IX. 46 These cases..have received the special name of ‘Vogt's Vagabonden-Krankheit’, which I have rendered into English as ‘Vagabond's Discoloration’; because this discoloration of skin..is..brought on by long-continued exposure, dirty habits and the irritation of vermin. 1890F. Taylor Man. Pract. Med. (1891) 893 The disease has then been called prurigo senilis, and also vagabond's disease. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 701 The vagabond's disease, or Morbus errorum of Greenhow. Ibid. 866 Excoriations, wheals and pustules are produced by scratching which, if long continued, may produce a brown, leather-like condition—the so-called vagabond's skin seen in tramps.
2. a. A disreputable or worthless person; an idle, good-for-nothing fellow; a rascal or rogue (sometimes without serious implication of bad qualities).
1686tr. Chardin's Trav. Persia 178, I spoke in the mildest Terms imaginable: which nothing mov'd this Vagabond. 1848Dickens Dombey vi, No young vagabond could be brought to bear its contemplation for a moment. 1887Hall Caine Son of Hagar iii. iii, I couldn't be such a vagabond of a husband. 1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 316 The dishonest, scheming vagabonds!
b. Used as a term of reproof or abuse.
1842S. Lover Handy Andy x, Mind, on your peril, you old vagabone, don't let them fight that badger without me. 1844Dickens Mart. Chuz. iv, You were eaves-dropping at that door, you vagabond! 1884Pae Eustace 66 ‘What are you lying there for, you lazy vagabond?’ roared Randolph.
3. In full vagabond hat, = slouch hat.
1927Daily Express 7 Mar. 3/4 The two greatest millinery successes of modern times, the cloche and the vagabond. 1939R. Chandler Big Sleep vi. 38 A small slim woman in a vagabond hat. 1952C. W. Cunnington English Women's Clothing vii. 256 ‘The vagabond’ felt hat, slouched over one eye.
▪ II. vagabond, v.|ˈvægəbɒnd|
Also 7 vagabound, -bund.
[f. vagabond n. Cf. F. vagabonder (1526).]
intr. To roam or wander (about) as or like a vagabond or vagrant; to vagabondize. Also with it.
a1586Sidney Arcadia iv. (1598) 414 In this sort vagabonding in those vntroden places, they were guided [etc.]. 1611Cotgr. s.v. Rodé, That hath roamed, wandered, vagabonded it all the countrey ouer. c1614Sir W. Mure Dido & æneas iii. 27 [Dido] vagabounding in ane heavy cace Through fields vnknowne, accompanyed by none. 1748Richardson Clarissa (1811) VI. 357 Vagabonding about from inn to inn. 1861Reade Cloister & H. lvi, Why is he not in my counting house at Amsterdam, instead of vagabonding it out yonder? 1901Westm. Gaz. 18 Oct. 2/1 The said son went vagabonding about the world.
Hence ˈvagabonding vbl. n.
a1628F. Grevil Cælica xii, Cupid, thou naughtie Boy, when thou wert loathed, Naked and blind, for Vagabunding noted. 1925H. L. Foster Trop. Tramp with Tourists 148 In years of vagabonding about the far corners of the earth..I have never seen [etc.]. |