| 释义 |
hæmolysis, hem- Med.|hiːˈmɒlɪsɪs|
[f. hæmo- + -lysis.]
The dissolution or lysis of red blood cells with the consequent liberation of their hæmoglobin.
1890F. Taylor Man. Pract. Med. 663 The immediate cause of the anæmia is the destruction of red corpuscles in the blood (hæmolysis). 1892Osler Princ. Med. 725 Increased hæmolysis and dissolution of the hæmoglobin in the blood-serum. 1901Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXX. ii. 325 Hæmolysis produced by Solanine. 1906Practitioner Nov. 591 The jaundice of the newly born..is dependent upon changes, probably toxic in character, with excessive hæmolysis. 1947Radiology XLIX. 307/2 Increased red cell hemolysis is indicated by elevated excretion of fecal urobilinogen and urinary bilirubin. 1966Lancet 24 Dec. 1382/1 Pyridium also causes hæmolysis.
Hence hæˈmolysate, any preparation obtained from hæmolysed blood; ˈhæmolyse, -lyze v. trans., to lyse (red blood cells); also intr. (of red blood cells or a preparation of them) to undergo hæmolysis; ˈhæmolysed, -lyzed, ˈhæmoˌlysing, -ˌlyzing ppl. adjs.; hæmolysin |hiːˈmɒlɪsɪn, hiːməʊˈlaɪsɪn| [see lysin], any substance which causes hæmolysis; hæmolytic |-ˈlɪtɪk| a. [Gr. λυτικός loosening, dissolving], destructive of the blood or of the blood-corpuscles; hæmoˈlytically adv.
1893Funk's Stand. Dict., Hemolytic. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 1044 Pointing to a hæmolytic as well as a simple hæmorrhagic origin for the anæmia. 1900Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. LXVI. 435 Certain blood poisons, viz., the hæmolysines,..exercise a solvent action only on such red blood corpuscles as are able to unite chemically with them. 1901Lancet 14 Dec. 166/31 Since the discovery of tetanolysin by Ehrlich a series of hæmolysins have been described. 1901Trans. Path. Soc. London LXII. 212 A substance is present in the serum which dissolves or hæmolyses the blood-corpuscles of the rabbit in vitro. Ibid., In general every serum that acts hæmolytically on a number of different kinds of erythrocytes possesses a corresponding number of immune bodies and of complements. 1902Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXXII. ii. 464 Hæmolysin of Bacillus Megatherium... In cultures of B. megatherium a specific lysin occurs which hæmolyses the corpuscles of guinea-pig, monkey, and man. 1903Ibid. LXXXIV. ii. 443 Influence of Cold on the Action of some Hæmolytic Agents. 1908Practitioner Feb. 249 To yield substances which have similar hæmolysing properties to the hæmolytic agent found in tape-worms. 1911Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 23 Dec. 2059/2 The amboceptor should be used in twice the strength sufficient to hemolyze the corpuscles in from fifteen to twenty minutes. Ibid., The delay in hemolysis with tuberculous serums is striking in contrast to the promptness with which the controls hemolyze. 1916Jrnl. Immunol. I. 37 The hemolyzed cells do not give up an effective hemolysin. 1920Nature 13 May 347/2 The anti-coagulating and hæmolysing action of sodium nucleinate. 1946Ibid. 24 Aug. 269/2 It was found possible to rear first instar bugs to the adult stage by feeding them on defibrinated hæmolysed blood through a mouse skin membrane. 1952Q. Jrnl. Exper. Physiol. XXXVII. 163 The methaemoglobin (MHb) formation which occurs spontaneously in haemolysates of red blood cells occurs much faster when these have been treated so as to remove the posthaemolytic residue. 1957Times 3 Sept. 15/4 Dr. Coombs, whose laboratory test for the diagnosis of haemolytic disease of the new-born infant is in worldwide use. 1962Lancet 8 Dec. 1184/2 The hæmolysate of unfractionated whole-blood cells obtained from the same subject was diluted in the same way. 1967Jrnl. Gen. Microbiol. XLVII. 153 Two haemolysins may be produced by Escherichia coli. 1968Sci. Jrnl. Nov. 65/2 The cells are completely disrupted—haemolysed. Ibid. 65/3 The cells will haemolyse when subsequently exposed to some mild form of stress. 1972Science 2 June 1030/2 After 72 hours, the tissue culture media were removed and assayed for hemolytically active C4 and C2. |