| 释义 |
hydrolyse, v. Chem.|ˈhaɪdrəʊlaɪz|
Also (chiefly U.S.) -lyze.
[f. hydrolysis, after analyse, analysis.]
1. trans. To subject to hydrolysis; to decompose by hydrolysis.
1880H. E. Armstrong Introd. Study Org. Chem. (ed. 2) 190 note, The substance hydrolysed is the hydrolyte. 1902Westm. Gaz. 6 Jan. 2/1 Grape sugar is formed by hydrolysing cellulose with acids. 1944L. F. & M. Fieser Org. Chem. xvi. 404 Proteins are hydrolyzed by acid or alkali and by enzymes, and in the case of the simple, nonconjugated proteins, the products consist of mixtures of amino acids. 1955Sci. Amer. May 37/1 When a peptide or protein is hydrolyzed—treated chemically so that the elements of water are introduced at the peptide bonds—it breaks down into amino acids. 1968C. A. Hampel Encycl. Chem. Elem. 567/1 The trivalent praseodymium ion occurs as [Pr(H2O)n]3+ and is only weakly hydrolyzed in aqueous solutions. 1971Nature 17 Sept. 209/1 Crude starfish extracts were hydrolysed with hydrochloric acid.
2. intr. To undergo hydrolysis.
1920Jrnl. Biol. Chem. XLIII. 173 The gum hydrolyzes quantitatively into levulose. 1931Levene & Bass Nucleic Acids vii. 195 Embden and Schmidt..compared the rates of hydrolysis of the three substances and found that the muscle adenylic and inosinic acids hydrolyze at about the same rate, whereas the other adenylic acid hydrolyzes much faster. 1951C. R. Noller Textbk. Org. Chem. v. 79 Although highly toxic to animals, it hydrolyzes rapidly to harmless phosphoric acid and ethyl alcohol when exposed to moist air. 1964N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. viii. 131 Tertiary halides hydrolyse most easily and primary halides are most resistant.
Hence ˈhydrolysed ppl. a., ˈhydrolysing vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1900Perkin & Kipping Org. Chem. (rev. ed.) x. 188 The rapidity with which hydrolysis takes place depends..on the nature of the ethereal salt and of the hydrolysing agent. 1912Jrnl. Biol. Chem. XII. 297 Osborne and Guest..obtained 59·2 per cent nitrogen in amino form in completely hydrolyzed gliadin. 1935R. H. A. Plimmer in Harrow & Sherwin Textbk. Biochem. v. 157 Arginine may be directly precipitated from the hydrolyzed solution of the protein. 1943Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) VI. 388/2 An alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide is sometimes used for hydrolysing purposes. 1973Daily Tel. 16 Feb. 17/3 In a world of monosodium glutamate and hydrolised protein, her work is a living testimonial of a fine palate. |