| 释义 |
▪ I. up, n.|ʌp|
[From up adv.1 and adv.2 or a.]
1. a. One who or that which is up, in various senses. rare.
1536Rem. Sedition i b, Say, farewell welth, where lust is lyked, and lawe refused, where uppe is sette downe, and downe sette uppe. 1759Sterne Tr. Shandy i. xi, With us, you see, the case is quite different:—we are all ups and downs in this matter;—you are a great genius;—or..a great dunce. 1890Punch 22 Feb. 85 It's the up-and-down bizness of life, mate, as makes it such fun—for the ups. 1895M. Corelli Sorrows Satan iv, It implies..that one must choose an up or a down,—genius is the Up, money is the Down.
b. A rise or elevation in the ground. Also in fig. context. (Cf. up and down n. 1 a.)
1637Rutherford Lett. (1664) 32 But Oh the windings, the turnings, the up's & the down's, that he hath led me through. 1755Walpole Let. to Bentley 18 Sept., The bad choice of the situation in such a country; it is all ups that should be downs.
2.
†a. The action of arising from bed. nonce-use.
1602Marston Ant. & Mel. iii. E 3, Here ile sleepe till that the sceane of vp Is past at Court.
b. A rise in life; a spell of prosperity; a success. Usu. pl., and contrasted with down(s). (Cf. up and down n. 2 a.)
1844Dickens Mart. Chuz. xvi, And as fraudulent transactions have their downs as well as ups; the major was occasionally under a cloud. 1857Locker Lond. Life 20 Life is chequer'd, a patchwork of smiles and of frowns; We valued its ups, let us muse on its downs. 1890Doyle Sign of Four xii, I've had ups in my life, and I've had downs.
c. A rise in price or value.
1897Westm. Gaz. 19 June 6/3 But there were downs as well as ups, and we find the embryo South-Western..with its {pstlg}50 shares at 43.
d. A state of mental stimulation or excitement. Cf. high n. 1 h. U.S. colloq.
1966Rote & Winter Lang. Pro Football iii. 144/1 Up,..state of being emotionally prepared for a game. 1979N.Y. Times 1 Apr. 9/2 Young women want to be with it. The shapes in your ad are all sleek and slim and they come in colors you can get an up from.
e. Phr. in two ups: see two n. 2 g.
3. An ‘up’ train or coach.
1849F. B. Head Stokers & Pokers ix. 82 Her daughter..listens for the rumbling of ‘the 3½ a.m. goods up’. 1884Graphic 15 Nov. 503/2 To spend pleasant quarters of an hour in waiting for the ‘ups’ and ‘downs’.
4. Colloq. phr. on the up-and-up.
a. Honest(ly), straightforward(ly), ‘on the level’. orig. and chiefly U.S.
1863Humboldt Reg. (Unionville, Nevada) 4 July 2/1 Now that would be business, on the dead up-and-up. 1929D. Hammett Red Harvest vii. 71 He phoned the old man's residence to find out if the check was on the up-and-up. 1932Wodehouse Hot Water i. 20, I kept telling her the whole thing had been strictly on the up-and-up, but she wouldn't listen. 1952M. Allingham Tiger in Smoke iii. 65 They've got to be on the up-and-up, see? 1974P. de Vries Glory of Hummingbird xiii. 200 Thus I ended..on the up-and-up. I had restored some honesty to..a thoroughly shady enterprise.
b. Steadily rising, improving, or increasing; prospering, successful.
1930Sun (Baltimore) 18 Aug. 6/1 From now on, we are led to believe, law and order will be on the up and up, as the current phrase is. 1937G. Heyer They found him Dead xiii. 265 He certainly wasn't on the up-and-up when I knew him. He was picking up a living doing odd jobs for any firm that would use him. 1959Encounter Oct. 25/2 Private travel is on the up and up. 1971Farmer & Stockbreeder 23 Feb. 10 (heading) Drainage work on the up and up. Drainage work completed in England and Wales during the coming year is likely to reach an all-time high.
5. In Winchester College Football, a forward.
1869Wykehamist Oct. 6/1 J. W. Barry, a good and persevering ‘up’. 1900R. T. Warner Winchester ix. 142 It begins with a ‘hot’ or scrimmage, in which all the ‘ups’ take part. 1975Oxf. Compan. Sports & Games 397/2 In the 15-a-side—XV—game, a team is composed of eight ‘ups’, four ‘hotwatchers’, and three ‘behinds’ or ‘kicks’.
6. U.S. slang. A prospective customer.
1942Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §542/21 Forward, front, up, a prospective customer in a store. 1949N.Y. Times 1 May 62 The hottest salesman who ever turned a looker into an up. 1977Drive Sept.–Oct. 112/1 You go to buy a car, offering your Old Faithful in part-exchange... In New York, you would be the up. ‘I'm sitting at my desk. The guy comes through the door, so I gotta get up. See?’
7. = upper n.2 Freq. in pl. slang.
1969R. Jaffe Fame Game xi. 164 Bonnie had taken a pill, one of the little cache of Ups Bonnie got from the queens in the gay bars. 1972M. Pereira Singing Millionaire iii. 31 ‘Meth’, he said,..‘not meths. Methedrine. Speed. Up. Chrystal. Crank.’ 1978P. G. Winslow Coppergold 172 ‘She did take pills, ups, if you get me.’ Capricorn understood her to mean amphetamines.
▪ II. up, a.|ʌp|
[f. up adv.1 and adv.2 Cf. upside.
In senses 2 and 4 sometimes hyphened; cf. up- prefix 2 a and 2 b.]
1. a. Dwelling up-country. b. Situated on high ground. rare.
13..K. Alis. 7053 (Laud MS.), Þise Sereses als I fynde, Þe vppest folk ben of al ynde. c1710C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 128 To persons born in up and dry Countryes.
2. a. Of trains or coaches: Going or running up; up-going. (See up adv.1 6 d.)
1784J. Palmer Papers Reform Posts (1797) App. iv. 40 All the Letters..are sent by the up Coach at night. 1815Ann. Reg., Chron. 57 The up coach, by the way of Cashel, was attacked. 1841P. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 216 For an up train to bring it back. 1844Alb. Smith Adv. Mr. Ledbury i. ii. I. 12 The up-mail-trains of the railway. 1868M. Collins Sweet Anne Page II. 160 They caught an up-stage, which landed them in Piccadilly at six. 1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 131 The up coach leaving and the down one just coming in.
b. Belonging to, connected with, up-going trains, coaches, etc.
1840Osborne's London & Birm. Railw. Guide 67 The rails..constituting the road used by trains coming up to town and hence..called the up side. 1852Mechanic's Mag. 6 Nov. 369 [He] observed the scarp next the up-line give way. 1885Law Times' Rep. LII. 622/2 The booking-office at Risca is on the up platform. 1895Law Times C. 133/2 A cottage near the up side of the railway line.
3. a. Of fermented liquors: Effervescing, effervescent.
1815Sporting Mag. XLV. 251 Beer's nothing if not up. 1815,1828[see b]. 1840Dom. Brewing 46 The beer is soon what is commonly called up. 1910H. G. Wells Hist. Mr Polly iv. 107 Mr. Johnson, at large: ‘Ain't the beer up! It's the 'eated room.’ 1934S. Beckett More Pricks than Kicks 12 Their bottled stout was particularly excellent and well up.
b. transf. Sparkling, excited; cheerful, vivacious.
1815J. Scott Visit Paris (ed. 2) 21 Their faces all sparkling and up, as we say of soda water. 1828Examiner 806/1 As vain and flippant as a butterfly, and as ‘up’ as sparkling champagne. 1893Sat. Rev. 7 Jan. 23/2 Mr. Gilfillan was too hurried, too perfervid, ‘too much up’, if we may borrow an expression from the effervescence of a harmless beverage.
4. a. Directed, inclining or sloping, upwards; ascending.
1869[see up-beat n. 1]. 1876Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. 61/2 Alternate bowing will lead to the recurrence of an up-bow on every alternate down-beat. 1901Feilden's Mag. IV. 412/1 If there be long lengths of them horizontal, or with slight up gradient. 1905E. Glyn Viciss. Evangeline 138 He said..that..that up look under the eyelashes was the affair of the devil!
b. Of a lift, escalator, etc.: ascending, moving upwards, carrying persons to a higher floor. Also applied to the button which operates or summons this.
1948G. V. Galwey Lift & Drop v. 124 Lord Swale..was usually the sole first occupant of the ‘up’ lift. 1967‘M. Carrel’ Dark Edge of Violence v. 42 The man then slammed the gate and punched the ‘Up’ button. 1976J. Wainwright Bastard i. 16 He fell down the escalator. The ‘up’ escalator.
5. In a state of emotional or nervous stimulation, either naturally or as a result of taking drugs; excited, elated; at a peak of performance. Cf. high a. 16 c. colloq.
1942[see snow v. 7]. 1964H. Selby Last Exit to Brooklyn 49 Waiting for the time to fly, as it does when you're up on bennie. 1972Times 31 May 7/6 She is playing lovely tennis. In the language of the game, she is really ‘up’ for this one. 1975W. Safire Before Fall i. v. 55 He's too ‘up’ to sleep—can you sit around with him until he runs out of gas? 1981Gossip (Holiday Special) 10/2 He was very up about his job (in the CBS studio mailroom) and people in general.
6. Particle Physics. Applied to a quark carrying a flavour with a charge of +2/3; symbol u (U 4 a). [See note s.v. S 15. The name first appeared in print later than the symbol u.]
1975Sci. Amer. Oct. 41/3 Gell-Mann designated the three quarks u, d and s, for the arbitrary labels ‘up’, ‘down’ and ‘sideways’. 1977McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 208/1 The common baryons, the proton and the neutron, are composed of only up (u) and down (d) quarks (proton = uud, neutron = udd). 1978Nature 2 Feb. 406/3 The best known meson is the pion (π) which is a combination of an up and a down quark. 1982Sci. Amer. Nov. 134/1 Charm, like up, down and strange, is a quark flavor.
Add:[5.] b. (Staying) out of bed. Cf. up adv.2 7 a. colloq. (chiefly Med.).
1958‘C. Fremlin’ Hours before Dawn xxii. 185 Tomorrow I am officially an ‘Up’ patient, and..I will prowl from ward to ward. 1978E. Malpass Wind brings up Rain xiv. 149 It was one of Grandma's ‘up’ days. 1983R. Sutcliff Blue Remembered Hills xii. 90 One of the Up patients had eaten my supper... The Up patients often helped bring it round, and they were hungry too.
▪ III. up, v.
[f. up adv.1 Cf. OE. uppian (once), to mount up, rise. With senses 3 and 4 cf. the uses placed under up adv.1 30.]
I. trans.
1. a. To drive up and catch (swans, etc.) so as to provide with the mark of ownership. Cf. upping vbl. n.2 1. ? Obs.
1560–1in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 285 For uppyng the ground byrde in porte meade. 1584–5Order for Swans, The Swan-heard..shall vp no Swan nor make any sale of them, without the Maister of the Swannes..be present. 1602–3in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) III. 595 Item y⊇ swanherd for vpping swans, ijs.
†b. To carry out, perform (the practice of ‘upping’).
1593[see upping vbl. n.2 1].
†2. To make up, form, or compose of something.
a1658Cleveland London Lady 102 An Animal together blow'd and made, And up'd of all the shreds of every Trade.
3. To raise up (a weapon, etc.), esp. to or upon the shoulder. Cf. sense 8 b.
1885Rider Haggard K. Solomon's Mines iv, Good..upped gun, and let drive at..a young cow. 1887G. R. Sims Mary Jane's Mem. 104 She ups her stick and begins to belabour him across the shoulders.
4. Naut.
a. (See sense 8 c.)
b. To heave or haul up.
1890Clark Russell Marriage at Sea vii, There's no English port for her unless she ups hellum and tries back'ards again. 1904Kipling Traffics & Discov. 133 After us've upped trawl, us'll be glad of a tow.
5. a. Cards. To raise (a bid, stake, etc.). Cf. raise v.1 34 a. Also transf. Chiefly U.S.
1915Munsey's Mag. Apr. 488/1 I'd 'a' upped it till the hot place froze over! Ibid. 489/1 I'll up that! the old man was saying. 1942Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §746/3 Raise, go (it) one (or more) better, hike, press, up. 1984Listener 3 May 16/1 Some competitors see it as his way of upping the ante.
b. To increase or raise (prices, production, mechanical power, etc.). colloq. (orig. U.S.).
1934Amer. Speech IX. 76/1 In Birmingham on September 17, Dr. Sterling J. Foster..warned his hearers that ‘if a certain fatal mistake is made, taxes will be upped on every house in the city’. 1943Sun (Baltimore) 1 Dec. 9/3 (heading) Shot of water ups engine power. 1953W. Burroughs Junkie xi. 116 You can only buy P.G. so often, or the druggist gets wise. Then he packs in, or ups the price. 1957Wodehouse Over Seventy viii. 94 These negotiations are better left to one's agent. I have instructed mine to arrange for a flat payment of ten guineas, to be upped, of course, if they want to know what I had for dinner at that amusing château in the wine country. 1969Daily Tel. 16 Apr. 23/2 This 28 per cent. increase now ups the annual bill of the trade from {pstlg}36 million to about {pstlg}47 million. a1974R. Crossman Diaries (1975) I. 108 I'd talked this over with the Dame before lunch and cautiously suggested that we should make our target 135,000 houses... Harold immediately upped me to 150,000. 1978G. A. Sheehan Running & Being x. 135 Athletes upped their practice time fivefold.
c. To promote in rank. colloq.
1945H. Brown Artie Greengroin 182 Someday that mess sergeant is going to fill the Spam full of arsenic and knock off the whole company for a laugh. The day he does that they'll probably up him to tech. 1970G. F. Newman Sir, You Bastard iii. 111 Both the detectives' names and ranks were correct; neither was upped to DCS. a1974R. Crossman Diaries (1975) I. 609 Harold Wilson breezed up and said ‘Meet your new Lord President.’..They were astonished that Harold had upped me into the stratosphere.
d. To improve, to ‘boost’. colloq.
1968Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. 28 You can up your morale all so easily. 1976Daily Express 29 June 5/4, I did make a perfunctory attempt to up my image by purchasing chic glasses.
II. intr.
6. a. To rise to one's feet; to get up from a sitting or recumbent posture; to arise; to rise from bed. Also in fig. context.
1643Quarles Embl. ii. xiv. 2 The true-bred Gamester ups a fresh, and then, Falls to 't agen. 1647R. Corbet Poems (1807) 226 Nor can these figures in thy rest endeere, As not to up when chanticleere Speaks the last watch. 1825Jennings Observ. Dial. W. Eng. 109 Jerry Nutty..upp'd avaur tha lork. 1913M. Roberts Salt of Sea vi. 177 The bloke nods and ups on 'is feet. 1915C. H. Sorley Lett. (1919) 255 Suddenly the division ups and marches to Aldershot.
b. colloq. and dial. To start up, come forward, begin abruptly or boldly, to say or do something. Usu. followed by and. Cf. up adv.1 33.
(a)1831S. Lover Leg. 82 The bishop ups and he tells him that he must mend his manners. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. iv. xiii, Then we both of us ups and says, that minute, ‘Prove so!’ 1867–in general dialect use (Eng. Dial. Dict.). 1879R. Browning Ned Bratts 125 She ups with such a face, Heart sunk inside me: ‘Well, pad on my prate-apace!’
(b)1883Stevenson Treas. Isl. xxix, And you have the Davy Jones's insolence to up and stand for cap'n over me! 1884‘Mark Twain’ Huck. Finn xxv, All of a sudden the doctor ups and turns on them. He says: [etc.]. 1898‘H. S. Merriman’ Roden's Corner xxvii, A gesture that served..to..invite the Frenchman to up and smite him. 1935E. E. Cummings Let. 31 Jan. (1969) 135 And he ups and hands Am [Eimi] such a boost as would knock Karl Marx's whiskers out of Benjamin G. Woozeythought's cabinet d'aisance. 1958‘A. Gilbert’ Death against Clock 81 So you upped and fled. 1961O. Nash Coll. Verse 33 One of these days not too remote I'll probably up and cut your throat. 1973Black World Jan. 62/1 It did no good. I upped and died. 1979J. Rathbone Joseph i. i. 20 As soon as we could we upped and fled.
7. To move upwards; to rise or ascend. Also with it.
1737Ozell Rabelais II. 103 A Chimney-sweeper ups and downs it in a Chimney, with his long Broom. c1810Coleridge Lit. Rem. (1838) III. 328 He flounders backward and forward, now upping and now downing. 1825Lady Granville Lett. (1894) I. 360 What an odd thing life is, and how it ups and downs.
8. to up with:
a. To come out with (a story, etc.). rare—1. Cf. out v. 4 b.
1715M. Davies Athen. Brit. I. 31 Sir Thomas up's with a Story of the Curs baiting of the Butcher's Dog.
b. colloq. To raise (the arm, etc.); to elevate; to lift or pick up.
1760H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) I. 63 She ups with her brawny arm. 1825T. Hook Sayings Ser. ii. II. 356 Mrs. South..‘upped with the turbot and popped it into the dish’. 1851H. Newland The Erne 37 Had he upped with his pilgrim-staff, and broken the man's heretical head. 1887G. R. Sims Mary Jane's Mem. 30 He ups with the spade in a minute.
c. Naut. To place (the helm or tiller) so as to carry the rudder to leeward.
1860W. H. Russell Diary India I. 95 And there..stand the four Chinese helmsmen,..upping with the helm and downing with it.
▪ IV. up, adv.1|ʌp|
Forms: 1– up, 4–7 vp, 5–6 Sc. wp; 1–7 upp, 4–6 vpp; 3–5 uppe, 3–7 vppe (5 wppe, 6 huppe); 3–5, 9 dial. op, 4 ope, 5 oppe, hoppe, hope; 5, 6 Sc. vpe, wpe, 6 upe.
[OE. upp, up, = OFris. up, op (WFris. op, NFris. ap), OLFr. *up (MDu. up, op, Du. op), OS. up (MLG., LG. up), ON. upp (Norw. upp; MSw. up, op, Sw. upp, Da. op), related to OHG. ûf (MHG. uf, ouf, G. auf) and Goth. iup.
There does not appear to be sufficient evidence for the assumption that the normal OE. form was ūp, and that ŭpp, ŭp are due to the influence of uppe up adv.2 and uppan up prep.1, unless it is assumed that the same change has taken place in all the related languages except High German.]
I. Denoting actual movement or direction in (or in relation to) space.
1. a. To or towards a point or place higher than another and lying directly (or almost directly) above it; so as to raise or bring, come or tend, to or towards a highter position in space.
Freq. denoting the elevating or rising of only part of the thing spoken of.
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xxxiv. §11 Hwæðer þu nu onᵹite forhwy þæt fyr fundiᵹe up & sio eorðe ofdune? a1000Riddles lv. [liv.] 4 Hyse..hof his aᵹen hræᵹl hondum up. c1000Sax. Leechd. III. 252 æfter heora ᵹerepe gæð seo ea up..& ofer flett eall þæt egiptisce land. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1099, Ðises ᵹeares..asprang up..sæ-flod. a1225Ancr. R. 280 He iseih hu ueole þe grimme wrastlare of helle breid up on his hupe. c1280Vox & Wolf 75 Wen me shulde þat on op winde, Þat oþer wolde adoun winde. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1192 Ho..stel to his bedde, Kest vp þe cortyn [etc.]. 1340–70Alex. & Dind. 483 Whan þe watur wiþ þe wind þe wawus vp casteþ. a1400Pistill of Susan 229 To the ȝate ȝaply þei ȝeoden..And he lift vp þe lach and leop ouer þe lake. c1420Anturs of Arth. 408 He wayned vp his viser fro his ventalle. 1423Jas. I King's Q. clxv, Quhere sum were slungin..vnto the ground, Full sudaynly sche hath [them] vp ythrungin. c1450Mirk's Festial 2 Þe see schall aryse vp yn hyr styd, soo þat þe watyr schall be hear then ayny hyll. 1535MS. Rawl. 777 fol. 86, A smale Rope for the plommers to pull vppe there Irons vnto the leades. 1548Elyot, Scintillatio,..a sparkelyng vp of fire. 1570Dee Math. Pref. 35 Catchyng hold of their Shyps, and hoysing them vp aboue the water. 1598Shakes. Merry W. iv. ii. 57 Ile creepe vp into the chimney. 1610B. Jonson Alch. ii. iii, Shee'll mount you vp, like quick-siluer, Ouer the helme. 1622J. Taylor (Water P.) Farew. to Tower-bottles A 3 b, Thus like Times Footeball was I often tost In Dock out Nettle, vp downe. 1640tr. Verdere's Rom. of Rom. III. xxx. 129 The Knight of the Eagles presently lift up his Bever. 1667Milton P.L. iii. 574 Thither his course he bends..; but up or downe,..[it is] hard to tell. 1706Motteux Vanbrugh's Mistake Epil., Nor.., With Glass drawn up, Drive about Covent-Garden. 1766G. Williams Let. in G. Selwyn (1843) II. 42 After he has pulled up his stockings. 1772Hutton Bridges 99 A large ram of iron..being lift up to the top of them. 1805Naval Chron. XIV. 154 The hatches had bursted up. 1827Faraday Chem. Manip. iii. (1842) 77 The air..will immediately pass up by the hair or wire.
transf.1843Penny Cycl. XXVI. 419/1 Voices..capable of extending their compass by running up into a falsetto. 1890Good Words Aug. 520/2 The barometer..is going up at a tremendous rate.
b. Towards or above the level of the shoulders or head.
Beowulf 2575 Hond up abræd Ᵹeata dryhten, gryrefahne sloh. a900O.E. Martyrol. 18 April 58 Þonne he hof his hond upp to hiofonum, þonne hofon þa deor heora fotas upp. c1000ælfric Exod. viii. 17 Aaron ahefde up hys hand. c1250Gen. & Ex. 3057 Moyses..helde up is hond. a1300Cursor M. 4767 Oft he liftud vp his hend To godd, þat he helpe þam wald send. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VIII. 11 He..haf up his handes and seide, ‘I praye [etc.]’. 1455E. Clare in Paston Lett. I. 315 Than he hild up his hands and thankid God. 1590Lodge Euphues Gold. Leg. (1887) 21 Casting up his hand he felt hair on his face. 1639E. Spenser in Lismore Papers Ser. ii. (1888) IV. 75 He heaved vp his sticke with an intent..to haue strooken me. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 256, I saw one of the Villains lift up his Arm with a great Cutlash..to strike one of the poor Men. 1853Public School Matches 14 The wicket-keeper puts up his hands. 1887Mrs. J. H. Perks From Heather Hills I. vi. 114 Eliza's hands went up in horror.
c. So as to raise into a more erect (or level) as well as elevated position.
c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past C. liv. 425 Ne hebbe ᵹe to up eowre hornas. Ðonne ahebbað ða synfullan swiðe up hira hornas [etc.]. 971Blickl. Hom. 187 ‘Rære up þin heafod.’.. Þa ahof Paulus up his heafod. a1300–[see lift v. 5 c]. 1390Gower Conf. I. 219 With that he pulleth up his hed, And made riht a glad visage. 1535Coverdale Job. x. 15 Yf I be rightuous, yet darre I not lift vp my heade. ― Ezek. viii. 17 Purposly to cast vp their noses vpon me. 1570Satir. Poems Reform. I. 90 Than did sum Lords lyft vp yair hornis on hie. 1607Markham Cavel. ii. 208 The horse..dare neyther tosse vp his heade, nor ducke it downe. 1678,1756[see toss v. 11]. 1875G. J. Whyte-Melville Riding Recoll. (1878) 48 Up go their heads to avoid the pain.
d. So as to raise a thing from the place in which it is lying, placed, or fixed.
For the specific sense ‘into a vehicle (boat, etc.)’, see take v. 90 b e, pick v. 21 e.
c900Baeda's Hist. iii. xv. (1890) 200 Þa scipmen þa oncras upp teon, & in þone sæ syndon. c1000ælfric Gen. vii. 17 Ða wæteru..ahefdon up ðone arc. ― Saints' Lives viii. 212 Hine ᵹelæhte an hors..mid toðum and hefde him upp. c1052O.E. Chron. (MS. C), Hiᵹ brudon up ða sona heora ancran. a1300–[see take v. 90 a]. 1382Wyclif 2 Esdr. ii. 1, I heuede vp the win, and ȝaf to the king. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 349 A whirlewynd..lefte up sixe rafters of þe cherche. c1430Two Cookery Bks. 5 Þan take hem vp of þe water after þe fyrst boylyng. 1458in Parker Dom. Archit. III. 41 Som oute of her sadels flette to the grounde... Her kyn..caught hem uppe with care. a1533Ld. Berners Huon lxi. 213 They weyed vp theyr ancres & lyft vp theyr saylles. 1535Coverdale 2 Esdr. ii. 1, I toke vp the wyne, and gaue it vnto ye kynge. 1602–[see dip v. 5]. 1662–[see get v. 80 j]. 1694Lond. Gaz. No. 3023/1 As soon as they could get up their Anchors they sailed away. a1704–[see pick v. 21 b]. 1725T. Lewis Antiq. Hebr. Rep. III. 270 When she had lift it [sc. a shoe] up. 187.B. Harte High Water Mark Wks. (1873) 70 She dipped up the water to cool her parched throat.
e. So as to invert the relative position of things or surfaces; so as to have a particular surface facing upwards.
a1300in E.E.P. (1862) 21 Turne him uppe, turne him down,..ouer al þou findist him blodi oþer wan. c1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 673 What es man in shap bot a tre Turned up þat es doun. Ibid. 1602 Þus es þis world turned up þat es doune. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxii. (Lawrence) 489 Þe rostit syd turne vpe & ete. 1611–[see turn v. 81 c, g, h, i]. 1853De Quincey Autobiog. Sk. Wks. I. 189 ‘We tossed up,’ to settle the question... ‘Heads’ came up. 1863‘Cavendish’ Whist (ed. 5) 37 In trumps, if king or queen is turned up.
2. a. Towards a point overhead, or away from the surface of the earth; into the air.
Beowulf 1373 Þonon yðᵹeblond up astiᵹeð won to wolcnum. c888K. ælfred Boeth. vii. §3 Þonne ic up ᵹefere..swa se earn ðonne he up ᵹewit bufan ða wolcnu. 971Blickl. Hom. 143 Þa apostolas tuᵹon hie up & hie ᵹesetton on..neorxna wange. c1000ælfric Saints' Lives xxvii. 100 æfter ðysum wordum ᵹewende se engel up. c1220Bestiary 64 Ðer-ouer he fleȝeð, and up he teð, til ðat he ðe heuene seð. 1382Wyclif Acts i. 9 He was lift vp, and a cloud receyuede hym. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (1531) 166 As a ball, which yf it be tossed and cast vp streyght, it falleth down [etc.]. 1535Coverdale Job xxxix. 27 Doth the Aegle mounte vp..at thy commaundement? 1591Raleigh Last Fight Reuenge B 4 b, Doubting least S. Richard would haue blowne them vp and himselfe. 1599–[see blow v. 24]. 1647N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. lvii. 167 Like a vapour mounted up by the Clergy. 1833J. Holland Manuf. Metal II. vii. 189 The fresh coals..will throw up,..as usual, a body of thick smoke. 1853Public School Matches 16 An appeal to the umpire, and up goes the ball.
b. With defining adv. or prep. phrase.
c900tr. Baeda's Hist. iii. xvi. (1890) 202 Þa he þa se biscop ᵹeseah..þone rec up ofer þære burᵹe wallas ahefenne. 971Blickl. Hom. 123 Þes Hælend þe nu up on þysne heofon..astaᵹ. c1000in Wulfstan's Hom. (1883) 100 He stah up to ðam stepele and of ðam stepele hof upp on lyfte. c1200Ormin Ded. 234 Þurrh þatt he [sc. Christ] stah forr ure god Upp inntill heffness blisse. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 168 [To] bloue hom here & þere vp in þe luft anhei. c1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 5027 Alle þat er gude..sal..up in-to þe ayre be ravyste. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints i. (Peter) 559 A day he sat þame till, vp in hewine quhen he suld fle. 1482Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 107 Now sche was lyfte vppe an hye. 1539Bible 2 Sam. xviii. 9 He was lifte vp betwene heuen & erthe. 1593Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 853 Here the gentle larke..mounts vp on hie. 1617Moryson Itin. i. 206 Vines growing up high upon the Elmes. 1680C. Nesse Ch. Hist. 284 Him..whom he hop'd to help up upon the lofty gallows. a1721Sheffield (Dk. Buckhm.) Wks. (1753) I. 12 The sigh..Up tow'rds the heavens like a bright meteor soar'd. 1824Jas. Telfer Border Ball. 42 They sprang upthrough the welkin high. 1904Spencer & Gillen Northern Tribes Australia xv. 487 Then he took him away up into the sky.
c. To some height above the ground or other surface; from or off the ground; spec. to a seat on horseback; to or towards the mast-head.
c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past. C. 173 Ðonne hi hebbað..ða earce up. c1200Ormin 16705 All swa se Moysæs Hof upp þe neddre i wesste. c1205Lay. 30607 Heo wunden up seiles to coppe. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 41/232 Lupe þou up bi-hynde me. Ibid. 134/961 He..a-rerde op is baner. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xviii. 52 Poysoun on a pole þei put vp to his lippes. 1382Wyclif John iii. 14 As Moyses reride vp a serpent in desert. c1400Destr. Troy 10858 And pull vp a port, let hom passe furthe. c1440Generydes 2262 Generydes leppe vppe vppon his stede. 1450Bk. Hawkyng in Rel. Ant. I. 297 Lete the spanyell flusch up the covey. c1450Coventry Myst. (1922) 301 And he xal make hym to..gon up on a leddere. 1508Dunbar Gold. Targe 236 And swyth vp saile vnto the top thai stent. 1582Stanyhurst æneis iii. (Arb.) 87 Foorth we take oure passadge, oure sayles ful winged vp hoysting. 1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. v. ii. 56 Shall they hoyst me vp, And shew me to the showting Varlotarie Of censuring Rome? 1629–[see put v. 56 b]. 1697W. Dampier Voy. 416 Having fine handsome weather, we got up our Yards again. 1738Voy. up Thames 31 Having put up a Sail in one of the small Wherries. 1821Scott Pirate xl, Up goes the Jolly Hodge, the old black flag.
d. So as to be suspended aloft or on high; into a hanging position.
c1000ælfric Joshua x. 26 Iosue hi ofsloh ða & siððan up aheng on fif wacum boᵹum. a1200Vices & Virtues 49 He ðe weiȝþ upp mid his fingre heuene and ierðe. 1297–[see hang v. 29 a, b, c]. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxxiii. (George) 780 Þane gert he men but mare hang hyre hey vpe be þe hare. 1430–40Lydg. Bochas viii. 1890 How he hymsilfe heng up bi the hals. 1536–[see truss v. 7]. 1711Addison Spect. No. 47 ⁋3 The Dutch..hang up in several of their Streets what they call the Sign of the Gaper.
3. a. From beneath the horizon to the line of vision.
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xxxix. §13 Þonne hate we hine morᵹensteorra, forþam he cymð eastan up. c937Brunanburh 13 Siðþan sunne up..glad ofer grundas. a1000Narrat. Angl. Conscr. (1861) 30 Mid þy ða ærest se mona up eode. c1386Chaucer Sqr.'s T. 365 Er þat the sonne gan vp glyde. c1400Destr. Troy 755 Whan þe day vp droghe & the dym voidet. Ibid. 8455 When the sun vp set with his softe beames. 1508Dunbar Gold. Targe 4 Wp sprang the goldyn candill matutyne. ― Tua Mariit Wemen 512 Quhill that the day did vp daw. 1556–1632 [see fetch v. 21 h]. 1655H. Vaughan Silex Scint. i. 73 Yet, never sleep the Sun up; Prayer shou'd Dawn with the day. 1698[see turn v. 81 q]. 1744Thomson Winter 878 The welcome Sun, just verging up at first, By small Degrees extends the swelling Curve.
fig.1807J. Barlow Columb. i. 204 The sun's blue ray Topt unknown cliffs and call'd them up to day.
b. From below the level of the earth, water, etc., to the surface. With (a) intransitive and (b) transitive verbs, and freq. with the addition of a prepositional phrase (of the earth, etc.).
With grow, etc., in reference to plants, passing into sense 4. For further examples with trans. verbs, see delve v.4, dig v. 14, grub v. 3, turn v. 81 r, weigh v. 6 b.
(a) Beowulf 1619 Sone wæs [he] on sunde,..wæter up þurh⁓deaf. c888K. ælfred Boeth. xxxiv. §6 Þæt wæter..cymð þonne up æt þæm æwelme. c893― Oros. i. i. §9 Seo ea..up aspryngð neh þæm clife. c975Rushw. Gosp. Matt. xiii. 5 Hræþe cuomun [hie] upp forþon þe hie næfdon heanisse eorðe. c1000ælfric Gen. ii. 5 ælcne telᵹor on eorðan, ær ðan ðe he up asprunge.., & eall gærs..ær ðan ðe hi up asprytton. c1220Bestiary 579 Ðe sipes [= ships] sinken.., ne cumen he nummor up. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 165 Þe wind þere..Vp of þe erþe ofte comþ. a1300–[see spring v.1 8 c]. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 9767 Vpp of hys graue a fyre vpp smote. 13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 35 So semly a sede moȝt fayly not, Þat springande spycez vp ne sponne. 1530Palsgr. 692/1 It is a plesaunt syght to se the water ryse up..out of a spring. 1535Coverdale Job xiv. 2 He commeth vp, and falleth awaye like a floure. 1667Milton P.L. vii. 456 Living Creatures..out of the ground up rose. 1835Marryat J. Faithful i, My father burst up from the cabin. 1844Dickens in Story of his Life (1870) 156, I am here—just come up from underground. 1866Shuckard Brit. Bees 223 A thick and prodigious quantity of the common mustard plant shot up.
(b)c900Baeda's Hist. iii. vii. (1890) 168 Hædde biscop heht his lichoman up adon. a1000Narrat. Angl. Conscr. (1861) 35 Hy..delfaþ gold up of eorþan. c1000ælfric Gen. xxxvii. 28 Hi tuᵹon hine up of þam pytte. c1000― Saints' Lives xxi. 136 Eadgar cyning..wolde þæt se halᵹa wer wurde up ᵹedon. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 963, He nam up Sancta Kyneburh & S. Kynesuið. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxxvi. (Baptist) 561 Sarazenis syne vpe can ta..his banis. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 77 Hircanus took up þre þowsand talentes of kyng David his grave. c1440Promp. Parv. 118 Delvyn vp owte of the erthe, effodio. 1494Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. I. 251 Sertane wrychtis..takand wpe the auld schype, that was sunkyne..in the watter. 1548Hall Chron., Richard III, 27 b, Some saye that kynge Richard caused the priest to take them vp,..and to put them in a coffyne. 1563Fulke Meteors (1571) 66 b, When they plowe the grounde [they] turne vp syluer, among the clottes. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. v. i. 135 Oft haue I dig'd vp dead men from their graues. 1632Milton Penseroso 109 That thy power Might..call up him that left half told The story of Cambuscan bold. 1660Sharrock Vegetables 100 This he onely did by casting up their nests. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. viii. 219 The taking up oysters from great depths..by Negro slaves. 1821Scott Pirate xxxvi, Go down below, my girls,..and send up the rare old man. 1851Mrs. Browning Casa Guidi Wind. ii. 325 Ye called up ghosts, believing they were slack To follow [etc.].
c. So as to detach from being fixed in the soil or other surface.
See also grub v. 3, pluck v. 8 b, pull v. 35 b, root v.1 6.
a1100in Napier O.E. Glosses i. 2903 Euulsum, i. abscisum, ut alocene, up aliþode. c1200Ormin 9285 Illc an treo..Shall bi þe grund beon hæwenn upp. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 10264 Ech tre were vp mored þat it ne spronge namore þere. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. vii. 104 Summe, to plese perkyn, pykeden vp þe weodes. a1400–50Alexander 409 Þis diuinour..ȝede..herbis to seche, Reft þam vp be þe rotis. c1440Pallad. on Husb. viii. 14 Er the Canyculer, the hounde, ascende Haue vp the fern and seggis to be brende. c1550Cheke Matt. xiii. 29 Leest in weeding ye darnel, ye pluck vp also ye corn. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 37 A pike for to pike them [sc. vetches] vp handsom to drie. 1699W. Dampier Voy. II. iii. vi. 67 By tearing up the Trees by the Roots. a1701Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1707) 144 In gathering their Corn,..they pluck'd it up by handfuls from the roots. 1738Voy. up Thames 79 The Humour..of grubbing up every Tree in the Neighbourhood. 1841Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. II. ii. 229 The turnips were taken up and carted.
d. From the stomach into, or out at, the mouth; out of the sea on to the shore, etc.
c1000Sax. Leechd. I. 74 Wiþ þon ðe men blod upp wealle þurh his muð. c1315Shoreham Poems i. 778 He soffreþ wel to be kest op, And ȝet to be honoured. 13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 340 Þe whal wendez at his wylle & a warþe fyndez, & þer he brakez vp þe buyrne. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. v. 379, I glotoun girt it [sc. food] vp, er I hadde gone a myle. 1484–[see cast v. 83 b, c]. 1541Elyot Image Gov. 23 He immediately wolde vomit vp colar. 1570Googe Popish Kingd. iv. 53 And miserably they reele, till as their stomacke vp they lay. 1599,1622[see fetch v. 21 b]. 1610,1648[see belch v. 4 b]. 1693–[see vomit v. 2 b]. 1733–[see throw v. 48 b]. 1863Robson Bards of Tyne 433 Whey, she had bowk't the sma' beer up.
fig.c1205Lay. 3532 Þa alles vppe abræc, hit wes god þet heo spæc. a1225Ancr. R. 426 Hwon his blowinge ne geineð nout, þeonne bringeð he up some luðer word. 1633T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter ii. 22. 1094 Sinne, like Stibium, will tarry with no body: up it must.
4. a. So as to extend or rise to a higher point or level, esp. above the surface of the ground. With (a) intransitive and (b) transitive verbs.
For the use with run, etc., in reference to plants, cf. sense 3 b. With build, make (see make v. 96 a, b), etc., restoration is freq. implied (cf. sense 20 b).
(a)a900O.E. Martyrol. 21 Dec. 222 On þam wæron þa wealdleðer swa upᵹetiᵹed, swa swa hiᵹ urnon to heofenum up. c1000–[see sense 26 a]. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 305 A piler of liȝt þat stood up from his body into hevene. 1390Gower Conf. i. 173 As the Netle which up renneth The..Roses brenneth. 1530Tindale Exod. ix. 32 The barly was shott vp [1611 in the eare] & the flaxe was boulled. 1582Stanyhurst æneis iv. (Arb.) 107 If ye be delighted, too see new Carthage vp hoouering. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. i. 288 There riseth up an high mount. 1611Bible Exod. ix. 32 The wheat and the rye..were not growen vp. 1699Evelyn Kal. Hort. (ed. 9) 97 If Plants run up to Seed over-hastily. 1726Swift Gulliver iii. iii, One..plate of adamant, shooting up to the height of about two hundred yards. 1731–[see run v. 81 a]. 1840[see grow v. 13 b]. 1858Lytton What will He do? i. iv, At the rear of the palace soars up the old Abbey. 1878Smiles R. Dick i. 3 It shoots up into a tall rocky point.
(b)971Blickl. Hom. 127 Þonne is þær..ᵹeworht..up oþ mannes breost heah. c1200Ormin 9204 Nu sket shall illc an dale beon All heᵹhedd upp & filledd. c1205Lay. 8716 Þa þet work [sc. a castle] wes up iset, heom wes alles þa bet. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 3023 Þe king..let rere up chirchen. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 88 Whan he was at London, a haule he did vp wright. 1382Wyclif 2 Esdr. ii. 17 Bilde we vp the wallis of Jerusalem. Ibid. iii. 1 Thei bilden vp the ȝatis of the floc. 1390Gower Conf. I. 53 To him that Thebes ferst on hyh Up sette. c1400Destr. Troy 1535 Priam..byld vp a bygge towne of þe bare vrthe. c1440Pallad. on Husb. i. 435 When that is drie, vp walle hit euery side In lyke maner. 1479Nottingham Rec. II. 390 That the seid howse be fenysshit, reryd and made upp. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xxxv. (Percy Soc.) 182 He stretched hym up and lyft his axe a lofte. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 173 Quhen he had bigit the wal wpe agane. 1687–[see run v. 81 j]. 1730Thomson Autumn 137 On either hand..groves of masts Shot up their spires. 1788J. May Jrnl. & Lett. (1873) 86 To-day finished laying up the house, and put on the roof. 1812L. Hunt in Examiner 12 Oct. 642/2 The carpenters that knock up our hustings. 1873H. Spencer Stud. Sociol. xi. 287 Here are lighthouses we have put up to prevent shipwrecks.
b. With indication of a point of measurement.
c1400Destr. Troy 1548 The walle..of marbill was most fro þe myddes vp. 1473–4Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. I. 30 Brade clath for ij goonis and ij kirtillis..for the lyning of thaim fra the waist vpe. 1877Ruskin St. Mark's Rest Suppl. i. 5 All the rest mere flat wall, wainscoted two-thirds up, eight feet or so.
c. So as to form a heap or pile, or become more prominent. (Also in fig. expressions.)
See also cast v. 83 e, earth v. 3, make v. 96 b, puff v. 4, 5, ridge v. 2, rise v. 10 c, swell v. 2, throw v.1 48 d.
c1310Prov. Hendyng 142 (MS. Harl. 2253), Bynd þine tonge wiþ bonene wal; Let hit don synke, þer hit up swal. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §13 In the begynnynge of Marche, rydge it vppe agayne. 1535Coverdale Job xvi. 4 Then shulde I heape vp wordes agaynst you. ― Zech. ix. 3 Tyrus shal..heape vp syluer as the sonde. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 372 Ignoraunce doth..pile them vp one vpon another. 1586A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. (1595) 140 You must needs heap vp no other but extremities vppon her. 1611Bible Eccl. ii. 26 To the sinner hee giueth..to gather and to heape vp. 1664Evelyn Sylva (1679) 10 Your plants beginning now to peep, should be earthed up. 1718F. Hutchinson Witchcraft i. 8 They can huff up their Bellies, that they may seem much swell'd. 1751Jortin Serm. (1771) II. 37 Some heap up riches. 1776Semple Building in Water 109 To rise or bank up the Bed of the River. 1825Jamieson, Hot,..a small heap of any kind carelessly put up. 1837P. Keith Bot. Lex. 37 The vessels become convoluted and swell up into a bunch. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 751 The sediment called smitham is taken out, and piled up in heaps.
5. a. So as to raise or rise from a horizontal, relaxed, or drooping posture to an upright or nearly upright position.
a900Genesis 1675 [Hie] to heofnum up hlædræ rærdon. a1240Wohunge in O.E. Hom. I. 283 Nu raise þai up þe rode. a1300Cursor M. 22548 (Edinb.), Þe tres forcastin sal þaim payn For to riht þaim op ogayn. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 399 Þey arered up þe baner of þe cros. 1530Tindale Gen. xxviii. 18 Iacob..toke the stone..and pitched it vp an ende. 1598Marston Sco. Villanie ii. vi. (1599) 201 Capro reads,..Strokes vp his haire. 1608Topsell Serpents 117 The tayle is very long, at the end and turning vp like a Vipers tayle. a1732T. Boston Crook in Lot (1805) 152 God will..remove the weight..and let them get up their back long bowed. 1784J. Potter Virtuous Villagers I. 51 She now and then bridled herself up a little in the..style of an old maid. 1837Marryat P. Keene i, The honourable spinster bridled up with indignation. 1850Tait's Mag. XVII. 342/2 The Doctor..drew himself up in offended dignity.
b. Upon one's feet from a recumbent or reclining posture; spec. out of bed.
Also from a recumbent to a sitting posture: see get v. 80 a, sit v. 27 a, c. With reference to the rising of the dead there may be an admixture of sense 3 b.
(a)c900tr. Baeda's Hist. v. xii. (1899) 613/2 On daᵹunge he eft acwicode & sæmnunga upp [v.r. up heh] asæt. c1200Ormin 8363 He ras up & toc þe child,..& for till Israæless land. c1205Lay. 6495 Þat deor up astod and ræsde o þene stede. a1250Owl. & Night. 731 Clerekes, munekes, & canunes..Ariseþ vp to middelnyhte. c1325Spec. Gy Warw. 251 Vp he ros þe þridde day. 1382Wyclif Matt. ii. 13 The aungel of the Lord apperide in sleep to Joseph, sayynge, Ryse vp,..and flee in to Egipt. a1400–50Alexander 5055 Sone as þe day-rawe rase he risis vp belyue. c1400Laud Troy Bk. 5779 Menescen was feld, but op he ros. 1535Coverdale 2 Esdr. ii. 12, I gat me vp in y⊇ night season. a1550–[see get v. 80 a]. 1590–[see rise v. 3 b]. 1629Wadsworth Pilgr. iii. 14 Euery morning the fift houre summons them vp. 1671Milton P.R. ii. 282 Lightly from his grassy Couch up rose Our Saviour. 1719De Foe Crusoe ii. (Globe) 363 Being thus gotten up, he look'd out. 1803Med. Jrnl. 520 The patients..endeavoured to get up, and to remain out of bed. 1865L. Oliphant Piccadilly (1870) 317, I went to bed, and did not get up till the lamps were being lighted in Piccadilly.
(b)971Blickl. Hom. 157 Þa ahof Drihten hie up & hie þa cyste. c1290Beket 85 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 109 For Ioye heo ful a-doun i-swowe... Þe knaue hire op nam. a1300Cursor M. 25743 Penance..quen we fall vp mai vs lifte. 1470–85[see heave v. 1]. 1537Bible 2 Sam. xii. 17 The elders..went to him to take him vp from the erth. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. viii. 40 He found the meanes that Prisoner vp to reare. 1591–3[see rear v.1 2 b, 2 c]. 1663–[see knock v. 18 f]. 1749Fielding Tom Jones vii. xii, [They] had raised up the body of Jones, but..again let him fall. 1850Tennyson In Mem. xxxi, Behold a man raised up by Christ!
fig.1642T. Case Gods Rising (1644) 3 It is the duty of Gods people, to pray him up, when he seems to be down.
c. So as to rise from a sitting, stooping, or kneeling posture and assume an erect attitude.
See also get v. 80 a, p, help v. 6, leap v. 4, stand v. 103 a. For up and―, see sense 33.
c1000Ags. Gosp. John viii. 7 Se hælend abeah nyþer;..þa aras he upp. c1290Beket 1371 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 145 Seint thomas wolde op arise: Men beden him sitte a-doun. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 1803 Coryneus first vp he stirt, & wyþ a cloþ his body gyrt. 1340Ayenb. 240 Þo lhip op þe mayster and him keste. a1400–50Alexander 82 Artaxenses is..resyn vp with all his rewme to ride vs agayn. Ibid. 2074 Þan pullis him vp þe proude kyng. 1503Hawes Examp. Virt. vii. 150 With that dame Iustyce vp arose. 1526Tindale Luke xiii. 11 [The] woman..was bowed to gether, and coulde nott well lifte vp her silfe. 1535Coverdale 1 Chron. xxiii. 16 Yet get the vp, and be doynge. ― 2 Esdras ii. 20 We..are gotten vp, & are buyldinge. 1667Milton P.L. viii. 258 Up I sprung,..and upright Stood on my feet. 1795Macneill Scotland's Scaith v. vii, Up he bang'd; and..Sad and silent took the road. 1802Leyden Cout of Keeldar xiv, A wee man..Up started by a cairn. 1877Spurgeon Serm. XXIII. 82 The rebel may stand up in bold defiance.
fig.1656Cowley Chronicle iii, Till up in Arms my Passions rose, And cast away her yoke.
6. a. So as to mount or rise by gradual ascent, in contact with a surface, to a higher level or altitude; sometimes spec. = up-stairs.
Beowulf 2893 Heht ða þæt heaðoweorc to haᵹan biodan, up ofer ecᵹclif. c900tr. Baeda's Hist. i. vii. (1890) 38 Þa astah se..Godes andettere mid þa menigeo on þa dune upp. 944Charter in Sweet A.S. Reader (1908) 57 Ðonne of ðam þornum up on ða lytlan dune middewearde. 991in Thorpe Laws (1840) I. 286 Þeh..þa menn up ætberstan into þære byriᵹ. c1000ælfric Num. xiv. 40 Sona on ærne merien [hy] astiᵹon ᵹewæpnode up to ðære dune. a1066in Kemble Cod. Dipl. IV. 221 Ðæt Urk min huskarl habbe his strand..upp of sæ and ut on sæ. c1205Lay. 25807 Beduer..up a-stæh þene munt. 1382Wyclif Matt. v. 1 Jhesus forsothe, seynge cumpanyes, wente vp in to an hill. c1386Chaucer Sqr.'s T. 378 As rody and bright as dooth the yonge sonne That in the Ram is four degrees vp ronne. c1400Destr. Troy 4978 Goand vp by degres þurgh mony gay Alys. 1487–8Rec. St. Mary at Hill (1905) 136 To William paris for amendyng of the floores in the house vppon the steyer, and for beryng vp of ijo sackes sonde. 1531Tindale Exp. 1 John (1538) 76 Yf a rude fellowe shulde breake vp into the kynges priue chambre. 1565Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Accliuis, Trames accliuis, a way goyng vp against a hill. 1656Manasseh ben Israel Vind. Jud. 15 He went up into a belcony in the palace. 1713Swift Jrnl. to Stella 10 Feb., Sterne..has been often to see me, he says, but my man has not yet let him up. 1753World 37 There is hardly a chambermaid that will bring me up a bottle of water into my room. 1777Sheridan Sch. Scand. i. i, Show him up.—He generally calls about this time. 1798Coleridge Anc. Mar. iv. x, The moving Moon went up the sky, And no where did abide: Softly she was going up. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xx, Widow Butler's bullseg, that I used to see spieling up on my bed. 1844Mrs. Browning Lost Bower ii, Summer-snow of apple blossoms running up from glade to glade. 1884Harper's Mag. Jan. 211/2 You keep on plunging up and up until you are worn out.
b. To a higher point on or within a river, channel, etc., or a point further from the sea. Cf. up prep.2 2.
847in O.E. Texts 434 Ðonne up on broc oð heottes dic. c900O.E. Chron. (Parker MS.) an. 893, On þa ea hi tuᵹon up hiora scipu oþ þone weald. 935in Kemble Cod. Dipl. V. 220 Upp andlang Ocerburnan to halelan mærscæ.
a1550Leland Itin. (1711) II. 52 From Mineheved up along the Severne Shore to Stoke Gurcy. 1600Hakluyt Voy. II. 194 The voyage..vp into the Bay of Saint Laurence..as farre as the Isle of Assumption. 1697W. Dampier Voy. 5 We..might have gone up into the River, having a strong tyde of flood. 1764Pres. St. Navig. Thames 33 The Price of Carriage thro'..Locks, up even to Wallingford, might also be adjusted. 1790Bruce Source of Nile I. 48 They border upon another large tribe.., which extends from thence up into Nubia. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 707 Up along, sailing from the mouth of the channel upwards. 1881J. Hatton New Ceylon v. 136 The voyage up, with the trade goods, is done in a canoe.
†c. On shore; from the sea; at land. Obs.
Beowulf 224 Þanon up hraðe Wedera leode on wang stiᵹon. Ibid. 1920 Het þa up beran æþelinga ᵹestreon. c893K. ælfred Oros. iv. x. §10 He..up comon æt Leptan þæm tune. c900tr. Baeda's Hist. i. xxv. (1890) 58 On þyssum ealande com upp..Agustinus. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1014, Cnut..com to Sandwic, & let þær up þa ᵹislas þe his fæder ᵹesealde wæron. c1175Lamb. Hom. 87 Þa þe heo comen on midden þere se, þa wes þet godes folc up of þere se agan. c1290Beket 1796 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 158 At douere were kniȝtes ȝare..Sone ase he come op þere al aredi him to quelle. Ibid. 1799. c 1350–1483 [see rive v.2]. c1400Destr. Troy 2017 Þai..Past into port,..Lepyn vp to þe lond, leuyn þere ship.
d. In conventional uses, esp. in contrast to down adv. 2. (See also 26 c.)
[1382Wyclif Matt. xx. 18 Loo! we gon vp to Jerusalem.] 1475Stonor Papers (Camden) I. 156, I com hoppe [= to London]..and grette nede I hadde now of you. 1516–[see come v. 74 a]. 1518in Leadam Star Chamber Cases (Selden) II. 129 The Inhabitauntes..sent vpp the seid John power..to make further Sute..for Redresse. 1537Lett. & Papers Hen. VIII, XII. i. 10 [They] marvel that..Sir George should ryde huppe at this time. 1610B. Jonson Alch. ii. vi, Shee's come vp here, of purpose To learne the fashion. 1667–8Marvell Corr. Wks. (Grosart) II. 240 Also they have sent for the Lieutenant Governor of Chester; he having writ up news that an apothecary of that town had [etc.]. 1707Lond. Gaz. No. 2306/3 They came out of Ireland,..but met with a violent Storm that put them up as high as Lundy. 1719De Foe Crusoe ii. (Globe) 514 The great..Gulph which goes up to Siam. 1783Ld. Percy in G. Rose Diaries (1860) I. 59, I shall be three days in going up [to London]. 1794Bp. Hay in Ushaw Mag. Dec. (1913) 284 He took the opportunity of my company to..go up with me. His business in London [etc.]. 1820Examiner No. 615. 57/2 Pope..resolved to go up to London. 1850Browning Christmas Eve iv. 64 The thump-thump..Of the train..up from Manchester. 1853Dickens Bleak Ho. lvii, Four horses out there for the next stage up! Quick! 1857Hughes Tom Brown i. iv, Goes through it every day of my life [says the coach-guard]. Twenty minutes afore twelve down..ten o'clock up. 1861[see go v. 96 a].
e. Naut. To windward.
1591Raleigh Last Fight Reuenge B 2, The ships that wer vnder his lee luffing vp, also laid him aborde. 1603Breton Packet Mad Lett. xii. (1633) 6 My state being so downe the winde,..I know not how to set saile vp in the weather. 1605Shakes. Temp. iii. ii. 2 Beare vp, & boord 'em. 1611Bible Acts xxvii. 15 The ship..could not beare vp into the winde. 1633–[see come v. 74 i]. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. i. ii. 17 He cannot put up the Helmne. 1720–[see beat v. 19 b]. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1780) s.v. Bearing, We say, up to windward and down to leeward. 1829Marryat F. Mildmay v, I..put the helm up. 1830― King's Own xvi, This..brought the ship up in the wind. 1841R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. 78 Put the helm down and bring her up into the wind.
7. a. So as to direct the sight to a higher point or level. (Cf. 26 b.)
See also cast v. 83 d, heave v. 1, lift v. 5, look v. 45 a.
c900tr. Baeda's Eccl. Hist. iv. ix. (1890) 290 [He] locade up in heofon. 971Blickl. Hom. 123 Þa hy þa up on þone heofon..locodan. a1000Gl. in Wr.-Wülcker 79 Ne erigas [oculos tuos], ne ðu up ne arer [ðine eaᵹan]. c1000Ags. Gosp. John xi. 41 Se hælend ahof upp his eaᵹan. a1300Cursor M. 21393 Constantin..lok up, and in þat sight He sagh þar cristis cros ful bright. 1388Wyclif John xi. 41 And Jhesus lifte vp hise iȝen, and seide [etc.]. c1420Anturs of Arth. 356 He gliffed vp with his eighen, þat grey were and grete. c1450Mankind 31 (Brandl), Be-holde not þe erthe, but lyfte yowur ey wppe. 1535Coverdale Ps. xl. 12 My synnes haue taken soch holde vpon me, that I am not able to loke vp. 1621G. Sandys Ovid's Met. v. (1626) 92 His turn'd-vp eyes. 1719De Foe Crusoe ii. (Globe) 363 He could only look up, and see that it was a clear Starlight Night. 1820Keats Isabella xxv, Looking up, he saw her features bright. 1854A. Jameson Bk. of Th. (1877) 13 It is good for us to look up, morally and mentally. 1859Sala Tw. round Clock 39 His eyes..cast up to count the peaches on the wall.
b. So as to cause sound to ascend, increase, or swell. (Cf. 11 b.)
See also give v. 64 f, pipe v.1 9, raise v. 13, 21, set v.1 154 c, speak v. 20 b.
Beowulf 128 Þa wæs æfter wiste wop up ahafen, micel morᵹensweᵹ. c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past C. xv. 91 Hefe up ðine stefne sua ðes bime. c1205Lay. 11280 Scottes huuwen up muchelne ræm. c1386Chaucer Merch. T. 1120 Vp he yaf a roryng and a cry. a1400Northern Passion 257 Ilkone kest vppe a grete cry. 1413–[see lift v. 5 e]. c1500Melusine xxxvi. 283 He made hys trompettes to blow vp, that euery man shuld be armed. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 76 b, Then vp blewe the trumpettes..on bothe sides. 1581Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 46 Who sometimes rayseth vp his voice to the height of the heauens. 1595Locrine ii. vi. 28 Sound drummes & trumpets, sound vp cheerfully. 1611Bible Job iii. 8 Let them curse it.., who are ready to raise vp their mourning. 1617Sir W. Mure Misc. Poems xxi. 5 Raise vp thy voice and..proclaime A greater subject. 1869,1890[see go v. 96 c].
II. In figurative and transferred applications.
Under the following heads are placed only those figurative uses which admit of being classified under some general concept. Further illustration will usually be found under the verbs most commonly occurring in the various phrases, together with many special uses which are confined to one or other of those verbs (see e.g. bring v. 27, cast v. 83, come v. 74, draw v. 89, etc.). Some uncertainty attaches to the origin and development of many of these uses, the variety of which is so great that the adverb comes to present a number of highly divergent and even directly opposite senses, e.g. to bind up (sense 19) in contrast with to break up (sense 21 b).
8. a. From a lower to a higher status in respect of position, rank, or affluence. (Cf. set v.1 154 j.)
c825Vesp. Psalter xxxvi. 34 Dryhten..hefeð up ðe þæt ðu ineardie eorðan. c888K. ælfred Boeth. xxxix. §11 Þy læs hi for longum ᵹesælðum hi to up ahæbben. c1000Ags. Ps. (Thorpe) xlviii. heading, Þæt hy hy upp ne ahofen for heora welum. c1200Ormin 10881 Whase shall i Crisstenndom Beon hofenn upp & hadedd Till bisscopp orr till unnderr⁓preost. c1386Chaucer Monk's T. 683 From humble bed to roial magestee Vp roos he, Iulius the Conquerour. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 355 He suffrede no man to stye up to..[that] manere dignitee.., but he were wel i-lettred. c1440–[see lift v. 2 b]. 1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 142 Yf he see that fortune raise and bring up som other of lower degre. 1530Tindale Practice of Prelates B vi b, When y⊇ bishopes office began..to be honorable, then the deacons..clam vp therunto. 1530–1561 [see come v. 74 f]. 1605Camden Rem. 223 This one steppe will not bring you vppe a steppe higher. 1658Trad. Mem. K. Jas. G ij, By what steps the Puritans got up, and the old Clergy degenerated. 1685W. Cleland Poems (1697) 127 Now down with the confounded Whiggs,..for Hey Boies up go Wee. 1832H. Martineau Life in Wilds vii. 99 We are getting up in the world.
b. Into (greater) repute, credit, or estimation.
1593–[see cry v. 22]. 1641J. Jackson True Evang. T. i. 65 Oh how doth it cry up Christ, in the world, that he hath such servants. 1711G. Hickes Two Treat. Chr. Priesth. (1847) I. 291 Instead of writing up the other Protestant Churches to the Church of England. 1741tr. D'Argens, Chinese Lett. xx. 137 Men, who preach up nothing but Patience, Humility, Obedience. 1863Gladstone in Morley Life II. 99 [Queen Victoria] spoke..of Roundell Palmer; I had a good opportunity of speaking him up. 1871Lowell Study Wind. (1886) 146 A preacher-up of Nature.
9. a. To a higher spiritual or moral level or object.
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xli. §6 Se mann ana gæþ uprihte; þæt tacnað þæt he sceal ma þencan up þonne nyðer. c1200Ormin 2749 Swa þatt hiss herrte iss hofenn upp To follᵹhenn Godess wille. Ibid. 2754. 1297 R. Glouc. (Rolls) 9342 Holdeþ vp to god..ȝoure þoȝt. a1340Hampole Psalter xxii. 6 Þou has purged my hert, and liftid vp to haf þe ioy of contemplacioun. a1375Lay Folks Mass Bk. App. iv. 552 Hef vp ȝor hertes in-to heuen. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (1531) 290 It heueth and lyfteth vp the spiryt to god. 1535–[see lift v. 5 d]. 1589R. Bruce Serm. (1843) 166 To have..our minds lifted vp to the heavens. a1708Beveridge Thes. Theol. (1711) III. 410 It is a good while before we can get up our hearts from earth to heaven.
b. To a state of greater cheerfulness, confidence, resolution, etc.
See also clear v. 27, for various senses of clear up.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 9336 Ȝoure herten hebbeþ vp... Hopieþ al on god. 13..–[see pluck v. 8 a]. c1430–[see pull v. 35 c]. c1450Mirk's Festial 65 Heue vp þyn hert, and make mery. 1572tr. Lauaterus' Ghostes (1596) 108 Gabriel with comfortable wordes did lift up the blessed Virgin. 1590–[see hearten v. 2 b]. 1597–[see cheer v. 10]. c1600W. Fowler Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 191 O thow..that rayses vp my courage and abaites. 1732,1875[see brighten v. 2 b]. 1894Baring Gould Kitty Alone II. 116, I really could not pluck up courage to do so.
c. Into a state of activity, commotion, excitement, or ferment.
1340–[see stir v. 16]. 1535Coverdale Luke viii. 24 Then wente they vnto him [sc. Christ], and waked him vp. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 76 Sa gret appetite and wil of beiring rule did fyre wpe, and inflame baith the peples. 1689Stillingfl. Serm. (1698) III. iii. 120 To work up a heated..Imagination to the Fancy of Raptures. 1720Ozell Vertot's Rom. Rep. I. ii. 118 Finding the People were blown up again to their former Animosity. 1798–1824 [see fire v.1 5]. 1822Shelley Chas. I, i. 123 Their sounds..Rouse up the astonished air. 1869Phillips Vesuv. iii. 59 The mountain, as usual, fired up. 1901Scribner's Mag. April 407/2 Work the crowds up,..but don't get caught yourselves.
d. To or at a greater or higher speed, rate, amount, etc.
See also come v. 74 k, get v. 80 d, run v. 81 g (d).
1538Elyot, Equus citatus, a horse taken vp. 1565Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Equus, To fetch vp with the spurre. 1607Markham Cavel. ii. (1617) 126 Whose sharpnes and torment..will so quicken your horse up..that [etc.]. 1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 474 They gore and spurre up the Ass. 1677Essex Papers (Camden) II. 130 Upon the late new letting it [sc. the Excise], they had..bid up very high upon the present farms. 1839A. Somerville Hist. Brit. Leg. xi. 236 Flogging the men up, to prevent their falling into the hands of the wandering guerillas. 1883,1892[see go v. 96 e]. 1900E. Glyn Visits Elizabeth (1906) 105 Carry had better hurry up and get that house in Park Street.
10. To or towards mature age, or proficiency in some art, etc.
a900O.E. Martyrol. 21 Oct. 192 [Hilarion] wæs up cymen in Palestina. c1420Chron. Vilod. 1625 He was norysshut vp in þat place. c1450Merlin vii. 112 And so he..put his owe sone..to be norisshed vp with a-nother woman. 1483–[see bring v. 27 b]. c1530Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. 505 It semeth wel this people dyd never nourysh you up. 1534in Leadam Star Chamber Cases (Selden) II. 207 To take apon hym the Craftes of Bakyng and bruyng where in he was neuer brought vp. 1535–[see grow v. 13 a]. 1597Wills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees, 1835) 172 My mynde is that he shalbe brought up in learnynge. 1611Bible Prov. xxii. 6 Traine vp a childe in the way he should goe. 1730Thomson Autumn 836 Nurse of a people, in misfortune's school Train'd up to hardy deeds. 1796H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) II. 554 We are brought up to sense of fear only, and not of gratitude. 1839F. A. Kemble Resid. Georgia (1863) 11 As soon as they begin to grow up and pass from infancy to youth. 1879C. M. Yonge Magnum Bonum I. 290 She'll be governessed up, and kept to lessons all day. 1894Hall Caine Manxman 3 He had been brought up to no profession.
11. a. Into existence, prominence, vogue, or currency; so as to appear or prevail.
See also blaze v.1 3 (quot. 1878), get v. 80 r, rise v. 19.
(a)a900Andreas 1236 (Gr.), Storm upp aras æfter ceaster⁓hofum. c1000ælfric Saints' Lives xxx. 61 Ic eom hælende crist þe..ᵹedyde þæt leoht up asprang. c1055Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia VIII. 306 Of þissum syx tidum aspringð up bissextus. a1225Ancr. R. 286 Amidde þe redunge..þeonne cumeð up a deuociun. c1410Lanterne of Liȝt 28 Liȝt is vp spronngen to þe riȝtwise. c1449–[see come v. 74 e]. 1535Coverdale Wisdom vi. 22 As for wyszdome, what she is, and how she came vp, I wil tell you. 1556in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 246 The fire got up. 1556–[see start v. 13 c]. a1572Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 77 Upoun what uther trifeling questionis..the war brak up, we omitt to wryte. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, i. iv. 102 A holy Prophetesse, new risen vp. a1679J. Ward Diary (1839) 297 Round knitt capps were the auncient mode before hatts came upp. 1704Swift T. Tub ii, Before they were a month in town, great shoulder-knots came up. 1704–[see turn v. 81 v]. 1833A. Crichton Hist. Arabia I. 216 Sabellians, Valentinians, and a host of obscurer sects, all rose up. 1844–[see crop v. 10 b]. 1882A. Griffiths Chron. Newgate (1884) I. 13 As usual the difficulty of providing funds cropped up. 1902T. W. Webber Forests Upper India xiii. 156 Dinner ready... Smyth, however, had not turned up.
(b)c1200Ormin 16840 Þeȝȝ..hofenn þurrh hemm sellfenn upp..Settnessess, hu mann birrde..Godess laȝhe follȝhenn. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. i. 37 Somme murthes to make,..And fynde vp foule fantesyes. a1400–50Alexander 829* Nicholas..Had rasyd vp a rode hoste. 1443Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 86/2 To the quhilkis we..gert chese upe ane assise of the barony. 1535–[see raise v. 1 b]. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 28 b, Suche as eyther Reyse up new customes, or extorte that is forboden. 1568,1611[see raise v. 11]. 1637Heywood Royall King ii. iv, Cannot all this stirre his impatience up? 1645Ussher Body Div. 362 That God..would raise up faithfull and painfull Ministers. 1711Addison Spect. No. 47 ⁋ 5 Stirrers up of Laughter among Men of a gross Taste. 1729Gay Polly i. ix, When Kings by their huffing Have blown up a squabble. 1832H. Martineau Demevara i. 10 A few..sluggards who had not put up their appearance at the proper hour. 1843Blackw. Mag. LIV. 737 Why couldn't we get up a play? 1867H. Spencer First Princ. I. (ed. 2) 413 The meteorologic processes eventually set up in the Earth's atmosphere. 1870H. Kingsley Hillyars & Burtons lxxvi, It is your grandfather's will. I..drew it up.
b. So as to be heard. (Cf. 7 b.)
a1723[see speak v. 20 b]. 1748Thomson Cast. Indol. i. lxiv, As when..a burnish'd fly..Tunes up amid these airy halls his song. 1802Leyden Lord Soulis lii, Then up bespake him, true Thomas. 1853Public School Matches 10 The bell from the Pavilion strikes up.
12. a. To the notice or consideration of a person or body of persons (spec. of one in authority).
See also call v. 35 b, d, show v. 4 e.
a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1052, Þær bær Godwine eorl up his mal. 1362–[see put v. 56 h]. 1414Rolls of Parlt. IV. 22 Or the Petitions biforesaid yeven up yn writing. 1439Ibid. V. 9 In a Petition putte up to the Kyng. 1483–[see bring v. 27 c]. 1529in Leadam Star Chamber Cases (Selden) II. 34 The byll of compleynt..put vppe to the Kynges highnes. 1559–[see give v. 64 e]. 1585in Eng. Hist. Rev. Jan. (1914) 111 Th' acte..being then sent up by the comens to the lords. 1602Marston Antonio's Rev. iii. ii, I have a prayer or two to offer up. 1604–[see cast v. 83 i]. c1633in 3rd Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. 400/2 Ane paper which they send wpe to ȝour Majestie. 1641[see put v. 56 h (b)]. 1709T. Robinson Vind. Mosaick Syst. Introd. 5 It would be Folly for Men to send up Prayers to a God that is not present to hear them. 1820Byron Mar. Fal. i. ii. 12 The sentence will be sent up to the Doge. 1844Fraser's Mag. XXX. 504 The writ went up to the Lords. 1884Bright in Times 5 Aug. 10/4 When a Bill leaves the House of Commons it has gone up to the House of Lords.
b. Before a judge, magistrate, etc.
c1440York Myst. xxxvii. 113 Calle vppe Astrotte and A To giffe þer counsaille in þis case. 1440–[see put v. 56 i]. 1749–[see have v. 16 b]. 1753World No. 35, I was unfortunately called up to give evidence against him. 1821Scott Pirate xlii, Cleveland and Altamont..were brought up the first of the pirate crew. 1825–[see pull v. 35 d]. 1865–[see haul v. 1 d].
c. So as to divulge, reveal, disclose, or let out.
1593in Maitl. Cl. Misc. (1840) I. 59 That [the names of] all excommunicatis..be gevin wp this daye viij dayes. a1625–[see give v. 64 h]. 1826–[see show v. 27 b]. 1880–[see own v. 5 c]. 1884Gilmour Mongols xxiii. 285 If his two companions in accusation would not own up.
d. As a charge or accusation. (Cf. upbraid v.)
1604–[see cast v. 83 i]. 1611Bible Numb. xiv. 36 Bringing vp a slander vpon the land. 1889N.W. Linc. Gloss. (ed. 2) 74 Bring up against [a person],..to accuse, to charge with. 1890[see throw v. 48 h].
13. a. Into the hands or possession of another.
See also deliver v. 7, give v. 64 a, b, resign v. 1, yield v. 10 a, 14 b, 16.
1132O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.), [The king] dide him ᵹyuen up ðet abbotrice of Burch. a1225Leg. Kath. 134 Al..cweðen hire þe meistrie & te menske al up. 13..Cursor M. 10220 (Gött.), All þair giftes þai ȝeld vp þar [Trin. Offerede vp her ȝiftes]. c1375Ibid. 15879 (Fairf.), He deliuered his maister vp. a1400–50Alexander 758 Oþire recouyre me þi rewme or reche vp þe girdill. c1400Brut cl. 162 Here y resyngn op þe crone..of Engeland into þe Popis Hande. c1440Jacob's Well 302 And so, as tretourys, þei ȝeuyn vp þe castel of god. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 46 After the geuyng vp of the sayd Citie. 1588–9Act 31 Eliz. c. 6 §2 For the levinge or resignyng upp of the same. 1604–[see give v. 64 d]. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, ii. i. 97 To th' water side I must conduct your Grace: Then giue my Charge vp to Sir Nicholas Vaux. a1690Bp. Hopkins Exp. Lord's Prayer (1692) 47 That his Mediatory Kingdom being fulfilled, it might be delivered up unto the Father. 1713Atterbury Serm. (1734) II. 48 Those..who do not surrender themselves up to the Methods it prescribes. 1802M. Edgeworth Moral T., Prussian Vase, He..yielded himself up a prisoner. 1839Thirlwall Hist. Greece VI. 281 They were assured that no harm should befal them if they gave up Bessus. 1890Spectator 30 Aug., That rich yield-up of the land that speaks of such abundant future provision.
b. So as to relinquish, abandon, or forsake.
c1290–[see yield v. 14 c]. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 413 Þanne he awook and ȝalde up þe goost. 1388Wyclif Matt. xxvii. 50 Jhesus eftsoone..ȝaf vp the goost. c1400Laud Troy Bk. 13252 For thi wyff this werre be-gan, We ȝeue it vp here euery a man. 1457Hardyng Chron. in Eng. Hist. Rev. Oct. (1912) 747 Whan enmyse gafe vp pese..As lyon fell he putte hym forth in prese. 1510–[see ghost n. 1]. 1530–[see cast v. 83 h]. 1558–[see give v. 64 b, c, h]. 1596in Spalding Club Misc. I. 88 James Low..said, in his last wordis, befoir he gef wp his braitht [etc.]. 1621–42[see turn v. 80 p]. 1653H. More Antid. agst. Ath. iii. ii. (1712) 89 For his unserviceableness he was..turned up loose in the pasture. 1678–[see throw v. 48 g]. 1885–93[see throw v. 80 p].
14. Into a receptacle or place of storage, as for security, convenience, or use when required.
See also store v. 4 b, and for special senses, knock v. 18 g, lay v.1 60 c–g, put v. 56, set v.1 154 oo.
c1290St. Kenelm 262 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 352 Þis writ was wel nobleliche i-wust and up i-do. 13..Coer de L. 6770 He..stablede up hys destrers. 1340Ayenb. 232 Þeruore ssel þet tresor by..well y-do op, þet his ne by uorlore. a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 184 Gret tresouris vp to leyne. a1368–[see put v. 56 n, o, p]. c1470Golagros & Gaw. 1123 Thai..Put up thair brandis sa braid, burly and bair. 1539Cranmer Matt. vi. 19 Laye not vp for your selues treasure vpon earth. 1567Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 93 Thy gudness and beningnitie..; Thow lay thame vp with me in stoir. 1604Shakes. Oth. i. ii. 59 Keepe vp your bright Swords, for the dew will rust them. 1629Parkinson Parad. 470 The flowers of Marigolds,..pickled vp against winter. 1631Gouge God's Arrows ii. §12. 148 God doth sometimes treasure up the sinnes of predecessours. 1692E. Walker Epictetus' Mor. Praise of Ep. iv, Riches,..Which Knaves hoard up. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Rusca Butyri, a Tub, or Barrel of Butter salted up. 1721Bradley Philos. Acc. Wks. Nat. 50 Then they are reckon'd in a right State for Barrelling up for the Markets. 1800–[see put v. 56 n (d)]. 1867H. Spencer First Princ. (ed. 2) I. 301 Those highly-compounded nitrogenous molecules in which so much motion is locked up. 1879H. George Progr. & Pov. i. ii. 36 The heat of the sun is stored up in coal.
ellipt.1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) III. 138 May we not order your horses up [= to be stabled]? You must not think of going.
15. Into one's possession, charge, custody, etc.
See also get v. 80 o, pick v. 21 c, take v. 90 d, l.
a1400–50Alexander 760 Þan set þai þam..a day.., And þar-to tuke vp þaire trouthis. 1479Cely Papers (Camden) 15, I am avysyd to take oppe at London as meche as I schall nede. 1482Ibid. 122 To lette hym [= a horse] ron in a parke tyll Hallowtyd and then take hym wpe. 1659W. Guthrie Chr. Gt. Interest viii. (1724) 88 A Man may take up his gracious State by his Faith, and the Acting thereof on Christ. 1674Pennsylv. Archives I. 33 Permission is hereby granted..for to take vp a certaine peice of land for himself and his heires. 1697Prior Ep. to Sheppard 21 Now, as you took me up when little, Gave me my Learning, and my Vittle. 1710Steele Tatler No. 204 ⁋6 He has taken up a Resolution. 1711Swift Jrnl. to Stella 27 Feb., To get up his debts abroad. 1751Jortin Serm. (1771) I. iii. 45 His servants..being employed in gathering up the Tares. 1752–3A. Murphy Gray's Inn Jrnl. No. 21, After having gleaned up all I could..at School. 1802M. Edgeworth Moral T., Forester xv, One of his boys was taken up amongst the rioters. 1844,1876[see get v. 80 t].
16. Into the position or state of being open.
Originally implying the raising of a gate, barrier, etc. For the fig. use of open up, see open v. 24.
c1205Lay. 1704 Vp heo duden heora castels ȝaten. c1300K. Horn 1115 (Laud MS.), Horn gan to þe yate turne, And þe wyket op spurne. 1375Barbour Bruce xvii. 778 He..gert all wyde set vp the ȝet. c1386Chaucer Miller's T. 615 And vp the wyndowe dide he hastily. a1400–50Alexander (Dublin) 783* Þe wy..Brades vppe þe brade ȝate. c1400Gamelyn 311 Gamelyn ȝede to þe ȝate & lete it vp wide. c1450Le Morte Arth. 1839 The chamber dore he sette vp ryght. 1513Douglas æneid vii. xi. 32 He that..Thyr ȝettis suld vp oppin and warp wyd. 1523–[see break v. 57 j]. c1600W. Fowler Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 183 Blist be that houer..that opned vp the wyndowes to disdayne. 1639Sir E. Verney in V. Papers (1853) 233, I have broaken upp my packett againe to insert this letter. 1792A. Wilson Watty & Meg xix, Up the door flew—like a fury In came Watty's scawling wife. 1825Jamieson Suppl. s.v., Set up the door.
17. a. Into an open or loose condition of surface.
See also break v. 57 f, g, cut v. 60 e, dig v. 14 c, plough v. 9 e, rip v.1 3, turn v. 80 f.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. vi. 109 Dikeres & delueres digged vp þe balkes. c1440Pallad. on Husb. ii. 74 The lond vnclene al doluen up mot be. 1577Tusser Husb. (1878) 83 In January, husband..will break vp his laie. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. iv. ii. 87 Sooner this sword shall plough thy bowels vp. 1721Strype Eccl. Mem. I. xxviii. 197 To endure the more pain when they should be cut down and ripped up. 1799J. Robertson Agric. Perth 247 He directs the moss to be delved or dug up with spades. 1801Farmer's Mag. Nov. 484 An Essay..upon the question of breaking up Grass Land. 1894Times 21 May 4/4 A gang of men was sent..to pick up and relay the part. 1895Ibid. 5 Feb. 8/2 That would mean taking up all the streets in South London.
b. So as to sever or separate, esp. into many parts, fragments, or pieces.
See also break v. 2 b, 57 a, chop v.1 3, cut v. 60 b. In OE. a similar use occurs in upp forlǽtan, to divide (a river).
14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 563 Anatene, up cuttynge. 1530in Leadam Star Chamber Cases (Selden) II. 50 To breke vppe or caste downe eny dyche or hedge. 1573Baret Alv. s.v. Cut, Cut vp, or winne these partriges. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. iii. ii. 132 Breake vp the Seales, and read. 1827Faraday Chem. Manip. ii. (1842) 47 The tube itself being broken up and disregarded. 1849D. Campbell Inorg. Chem. 295 Hydrosulphide of ammonium..dissolves it up. 1857Hughes Tom Brown i. vii, Engaged in tearing up old newspapers..into small pieces.
18. To or towards a state of completion or finality. (Frequently serving merely to emphasize the import of the verb.)
a. With verbs denoting consuming or destroying.
See also burn v. 8 b, eat v. 18, kill v. 2 b, slay v. 5 b, spend v. 13, stifle v. 1 (quot. 1582).
a1300Cursor M. 6634 Slas vp yon caitefs al bidene! c1374Chaucer Troylus v. 1470 She made vp frete here corn. 1390Gower Conf. I. 81 Thei..brenden up the remenant. c1400Sowdone Bab. 414 Destroye vp bothe man and place. 1481Cely Papers (Camden) 80 Schepe dys [= dies] wpe in Englelonde. 1546Bale Eng. Votaries i. (1560) 7 The murthering vp of them whiche hathe done it. a1555Philpot Apology, etc. (1555) B 4 b, Lyke humbledories, eating vp the hony of the bees. 1594Nashe Unfort. Trav. C ij b, I heard where they dyde vp all in one Familie, and not a mothers childe escapde. 1609–10Act 7 Jas. I, c. 20 The Sea hath..surrounded and drowned up much hard groundes. 1636Winthrop Hist. New Eng. (1825) I. 388 The Indians killed up all their swine, so as Capt. Lovell had none. 1647Vicars England's Worthies (1845) 63 The Royalists resolving..to gird up Gloucester..on all sides to tire and starve it up if it might be. 1793Pellew in Osler Life (1835) 89 We dished her up in fifty minutes, boarded, and struck her colours. 1803–[see do v. 52 d, e]. 1872Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. lxxix. 7 The oppressor would quite eat up the saints if he could. 1894Hall Caine Manxman 419 The spendthrift had..sold up the remainder of his furniture.
b. With other verbs, denoting progress to or towards an end.
1307York Memo. Bk. (Surtees) I. 181 Oute taken girdels that er fully wroght upp. c1400Laud Troy Bk. 14614 Thei..heled him vp with medycyns. c1407Lydg. Reson & Sens. 2681 She shal performe vp of ryght Al that euer I haue behight. c1440Jacob's Well 207 Tyl þou haue vp full þi cost & þin expensis. 1480Cely Papers (Camden) 48 Y understond Lombardys has bowght ytt [sc. the wool] up yn Ynglond. c1540in J. R. Boyle Hedon (1875) App. 67 Yf any..offycers die..then the common of burgesis to choise other to occupye upe that yeare. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 298 He will commaunde the fathers..to finish up their work begon. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 114 By husbandry..they dry vp and drain fenny and vnholsome places. 1639T. de la Grey Compl. Horsem. 322 Therefore heale him up with sweet butter. 1682Dryden Medal Ep. Whigs ⁋3 Whatever the Verses are, buy 'em up I beseech you. 1726Berkeley Let. Wks. 1871 IV. 120 It is an infinite shame that the debts are not cleared up and paid. 1771E. Haywood New Present for Maid 158 Beat up the yolks of three eggs. 1791Smeaton Edystone L. 121 Lime wetted up in large heaps for use. 1809Malkin Gil Blas iii. ix. ⁋1 The establishment was paid up and discharged. 1821Byron Juan iii. lxiii, Cloves..were boil'd Up with the coffee. 1873Punch 18 Jan. 21/1 They liquor up despondently. 1882M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal III. 195 Could there not be some kind of institution..to force parents to cash up. 1896Pall Mall G. 19 Aug. 5/1 Prices have subsequently firmed up in many instances.
c. With vbs. denoting cleaning, putting in order, or fixing in place.
See also clean v. 3, clear v. 27 c, deck v. 2 b, do v. 52 b, dress v. 7 d, fit v.1 6, get v. 80 l, m, make v. 96 i, polish v. 3, redd v.2 6 a, rig v.2 1 b, tackle v. 1, 3, trim v. 7.
1419–20York Memo. Bk. (Surtees) I. 199 Pro purgacione (anglice clensyng uppe) unius centene [arcuum]. c1440Pallad. on Husb. i. 406 Polish al vp thy werk in goodly tyme. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xliii. 28 Ȝour ladeis grathit vp gay. 1605Chapman All Fools i. i. 73 Spung'd up, adorn'd, and painted. 1706Pope Lett. (1735) 26 To paint your Shop, and..to brush You up like your Neighbours. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. xi, They can do up small cloaths. 1768Sterne Sent. Journ. (1778) II. 199 The beds..were fixed up..near the fire. 1827Southey Hist. Penins. War II. 762 The rear-guard of cavalry..remained bridled up all night. 1878W. S. Gilbert H.M.S. Pinafore 1, I polished up the handle of the big front door. 1900Daily News 4 June 2/4 We have cleaned up for the month of May,..760 tons.
19. a. By way of summation or enumeration.
See also cast v. 83 j, count v. 1 c, make v.1 96 j, reckon v. 1 b, 2 e, run v. 81 j (b), sum v. 1 (b), total v. 2.
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 2 Clannesse who-so kyndly cowþe comende, & rekken vp alle þe resounz þat ho by riȝt askez. c1450Bk. Curtasye 540 in Babees Bk., Tyl countes also þer-on ben cast, And somet vp holy at þo last. 1621Stat. Reg. (Arber) IV. 23 Compendious tables for the speedy casting vp of anie some. 1686tr. Chardin's Trav. Persia 252 Relicks..among which they number up the Veronique. 1727Thomson To Mem. Newton 132 But who can number up his labours? 1802M. Edgeworth Moral T., Forester xiii, Hours..spent in casting up and verifying accounts. 1871R. H. Hutton Ess. (1877) I. 4 If..you numbered up the acts of trust. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 130 All my years when added up are many.
b. To a final or total sum or amount.
c1200Ormin 11310 Seofenn siþe sexe gan, Ȝiff þatt tu willt hemm sammnenn, Upp inntill fowwerrtiȝ & twa. 1482Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 49 Y addyd.. as mony dayes..as wold make vppe the noumbre of the dayes of lente. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. (1882) 32 Promising them..that they shall pay no more rent yeerelie, till the same be runne vp. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. iv. iii. 208 The Enemy, marching along by them, By them shall make a fuller number vp. 1629J. Cole Of Death 195 His deceased children were alive still in heaven; and the ten more given him here, make them up twenty. a1700[see run v. 81 g]. 1719[see make v. 96 c (b)]. 1741in C. F. Jenkins Tortola (1923) 86 Next Week we purpose a Monthly Meeting, here being three little Meetings to make it up. 1837–[see knock v. 18 e]. 1895Westm. Gaz. 9 May 5/3 Hearne..had hit up 8 runs when he lost Wright.
20. a. Into a close or compact form or condition; so as to be confined or secured.
See also bind v. 6, 11 b, bundle v. 1, 2, coil v.3 3 c, double v. 8 (quot. 1893), fold v. 1 (quots. 1621, 1712), gather v. 16 b, roll v.2 8 b, shut v. 19 f, tie v. 11 a, truss v. 1, 6.
c1374Chaucer Troylus iii. 517 There as..al þis heigh matere Towchyng here loue were at þe fulle vp bounde. c1386― Prol. 681 But hood..wered he noon, For it was trussed vp in his walet. c1475Golagros & Gaw. 224 Thai turssit vp tentis and turnit of toun. 1490Caxton Eneydos li. 144 He made hys thye to be dressed and bounden vp. 1535Coverdale Song Sol. vii. 5 The hayre of thy heade is like the kynges purple folden vp in plates. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. iii. i. 206 Tye vp my louers tongue, bring him silently. c1600― Sonn. xii, Sommers greene all girded vp in sheaues. 1639T. de Grey Compl. Horsem. (1656) 373 Rope up all his legges to the body, not suffering him to lie down. 1693Humours Town 44 He is fairly trust up according to his deserts. 1802M. Edgeworth Moral T., Forester viii, Forester..tied up a small bundle of linen. 1825Lamb Elia ii. Wedding, Visitors huddled up in corners. 1861O. W. Holmes Elsie V. xxviii, Old Sophy..bound up her long hair for her sleep. 1876Gross Dis. Bladder, etc. (ed. 3) 21 The limbs are drawn up as in acute enteritis.
b. Into a closed or enclosed state; so as to be shut or restrained.
See also close v. 21 a, dam v.1 1, 2, 2 b, pen v.1 2, pend v.2, pent ppl. a. 1 b, tie v. 11 b, d.
c1489–[see shut v. 19 c]. 1528in Leadam Star Chamber Cases (Selden) II. 20 Mulso..hath vnlawfully enclosyd vppe ageyn the sayd comon grownde. 1565–[see lay v. 60 d]. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 528 The Englishmen that were shut up in the Castel. 1615W. Lawson Country Housew. Gard. (1626) 12 Take heede of a doore or window..: yea, though it be nailed vp. 1622Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 130/2 The damyng up of the said watter. 1642Action before Cyrencester 4 The streets were barricadoed up with chaines, harrowes and waggons. 1727Thomson Britannia 244 Her merchants scatter'd wide; Her hollow shops shut up. 1769Mrs. Raffald Eng. Housekpr. (1778) 323 Mix them all exceedingly well in your cask, close it well up.
c. So as to cover or envelop. Also in fig. context.
13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 434 Knelande to grounde [ho] folde vp hyr face. 1577Harrison England iii. i. (1877) ii. 11 Ech peece [of the boar] is wrapped vp..with bulrushes. 1589[? Lyly] Pap w. Hatchet B 4 b, Hee woulde not smoother vp sinne. 1593–[see fold v. 8]. 1602–[see roll v.2 9 b]. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 56, I..wrapt it up Parcel by Parcel in Pieces of the Sails. 1792Munchhausen's Trav. x. 34 The sentinels were wrapped up in the arms of Morpheus. 1837P. Keith Bot. Lex. 151 If the wound is covered closely up. 1872–[see cover v. 22].
21. a. Into a state of union, conjunction, or combination; so as to bring together.
See also get v. 80 o, make v. 96 f e.
c1450Lovelich Merlin 6117 Thus thanne was knyt vpe the pes. 1553–[see gather v. 16 b, c, d]. 1577Holinshed Chron. I. Descr. Irel. 7/2 How sagely Ireneus claspeth vp all the whole controuersie. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, iv. Prol. 13 With busie Hammers closing Riuets vp. 1627Earl of Manchester in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 267 Therefore the remain [of the loan] must needs be got up, which is not past 50,000 l. 1638R. Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. (vol. II) 19 If yours were not bound up in one volume with them. 1693Humours Town 16 Those wretched Compounds which make up all your Lives. 1724Watts Logic ii. ii. §6 A Compound Proposition is made up of two or more Subjects. 1759Sterne Tr. Shandy i. x, That he could draw up..a hole in his breeches. 1820Byron Mar. Fal. iii. i. 43 Your fame, your name, all mingled up in mine. 1846Carpenter Man. Phys. 8 These substances..being made up of three or four elements. 1869Mrs. Whitney We Girls v. (1874) 101 She could only stitch up a straight slant.
b. So as to supply deficiencies, defects, etc.
a1568–[see make v. 96 c (a)]. 1586–[see piece v. 8]. 1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie ii. xii. (Arb.) 128 A sillable ouerplus to annexe to the word precedent to helpe peece vp another foote. 1596–[see fill v. 17]. 1605B. Jonson Volpone iii. vi, My dwarf shall dance, My eunuch sing, my fool make up the antic. 1755Johnson, To Supply, to fill up as any deficiencies happen. 1774–[see patch v. 1].
22. a. To or towards a person or place; so as to approach or arrive.
1362–[see come v. 74 b]. c1420Anturs of Arth. 345 Ho raykes vp..bifor þe rialle, And halsed sir Arthur. 1599Hakluyt Voy. II. 287 Vp comes toward them the other frigat. 1607Shakes. Cor. i. ii. 29 If they set downe before 's: for the remoue Bring vp your Army. 1659–[see get v. 80 c]. 1669in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 429 He rid up to meet him. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 298 We all mended our Pace, and rid up as fast as the Way..would give us leave. 1730Thomson Autumn 439 Hot⁓steaming, up behind him comes again Th' inhuman rout. 1780Mirror No. 108, The train of Sir Edward brought up their master in the condition I have described. 1797Coleridge Christabel i. 22 The Spring comes slowly up this way. 1841Dickens Barn. Rudge lix, She thought..how he would have rode boldly up, and dashed in among these villains. 1878T. Hardy Ret. Native iv. iii, Leave me before they come up.
b. To or towards a particular point or line.
1513Douglas æneid xi. xvi. 58 [She] hir hornit bow has bent, Quharin onon the takyll vp is stent; Syne halis vp in ire and felloun haist. 1605–[see draw v. 89 f]. 1864–[see line v. 8 b]. 1865Bushnell Vicar. Sacr. Introd. 16 As if He [sc. Christ] were engaged to even up the score of penalty. 1901Munsey's Mag. XXV. 371/1 To even up my account with his people.
c. To or into later life.
1535Coverdale Luke xviii. 21 All these haue I kepte fro my youth vp. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 235 Frome his barneheid vpp, he was brocht vpp be S. Columba. c1800Wordsw. Excurs. i. 53 We were tried Friends: I from my Childhood up Had known him. 1890Review of Rev. II. 427/2 It has been so from his youth up.
d. So as to find, come upon, overtake, or keep on the track of. (Cf. look v. 45 g–j.)
a1622–[see fetch v. 21 g]. 1657–[see run v. 81 h]. 1791W. Bartram Carolina 488 They enter..with a view of..hunting up the sturdy bear. 1794–[see follow v. 22]. 1817J. Bradbury Trav. 265 It sometimes happens that he is two days in ‘hunting them [sc. stray hogs] up’. 1868Field 18 July 49/1 Failing to get quite up, [he] was beaten cleverly by three parts of a length. 1879F. T. Pollok Sport Brit. Burmah II. 204, I..hit off the tracks of a large herd of bison and followed them up.
23. To a stop or halt.
See also bring v. 27 f, g, draw v. 89 e, fetch v. 21 i, pull v. 35 d, f.
1623in Birch Crt. & Times Jas. I (1848) II. 392 A man, thinking nothing, pulled up his coach, and so made the horse start a little. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1780), To Bring-up, a provincial phrase peculiar to the seamen in the coal-trade, signifying to anchor, &c. 1857Ld. Dufferin Lett. High Lat. (ed. 3) 14 At Kylakin we were obliged to bring up for the night. 1891C. Roberts Adrift Amer. 214 When the river is foggy, the boats have to bring up at night. 1902Westm. Gaz. 26 May 7/3 If all goes well it should fetch up at Sheerness..to-morrow morning.
III. With a preposition following.
24. up against ―. to knock or run up against, to come across, to fall in with.
1886Pall Mall G. 4 Aug. 3/1 Our extradition treaty with the United States has run up against its first snag. 1886[see run v. 61 b]. 1887–[see knock v. 18 a].
25. up till ―. = up to (in various senses).
c1200Ormin 1281 Ȝiff þatt tu forrlangedd arrt To cumenn upp till Criste. Ibid. 11318. c 1250 Gen. & Ex. 1606 Iacob..slep and saȝ,..fro ðe erðe up til heuene bem, A leddre stonden. 1599? Shakes. Pass. Pilgr. 382 She, poor bird, as all forlorn, Lean'd her breast up-till a thorn.
1845R. Buchanan in Howie Scots Worthies p. xix, Up till that time they had still continued to attend public worship. 1886Manch. Exam. 13 Jan. 4/7 Up till now Greece has altogether disregarded the..admonitions.
26. up to ―.
a. (a) As high or as far as (a specified height or altitude) by ascent or extension.
944Charter in Sweet A.S. Reader (1908) 58 Andlang dic to ðam weᵹe þe scytt up to ðam hricgge. c1000ælfric Saints' Lives xxvi. 183 Heofonlic leoht ofer þæt ᵹeteld astreht stod up to heofonum. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1070, Hi..clumben upp to þe stepel. c1200Vices & Virtues 119 He..bar up to heuene ure loac. a1300Cursor M. 22569 (Edinb.), Op to þe lift ris sal þe se. 13..Coer de L. 4171 The pytte..was feld and fordytte, Up to the bank maad al playn. 1390Gower Conf. I. 137 A tree..Whos heihte straghte up to the hevene. Ibid. 273 He styh up to his fader. c1430Hoccleve New Ploughman's T. 114 Shee vp to heuene ascendid up and sty. c1450Merlin i. 15 So it was cristened Merlyn, and was delyuered to the women vpe to the wyndowe to the moder. 1526Tindale John iii. 13 Noo man hath ascended vppe to heven, butt he that cam doune from heven. a1586Sidney De Mornay i. ⁋5 Like as from the Earth wee have styed up too the Ayre. 1623Gouge Serm. God's Provid. §15 A partition..which reached up to the floore of the garret. 1667Milton P.L. v. 198 Ye Birds, That singing up to Heaven Gate ascend. 1684Bunyan Pilgr. ii. (1900) 173 Let the most blessed be my guide..Up to his Holy Hill. 1799G. S. Carey Balnea (ed. 2) 178 Whatever way you approach Ludlow, you find an ascent up to the market-place. 1842Loudon Suburban Hort. 491 When the cuttings get up to the glass,..the outer pot can be changed. 1850Rossetti Blessed Damozel vii, The souls, mounting up to God.
(b) As high or as far as (a certain part of the body, containing vessel, penetrating weapon, etc.).
For the figurative import of the phrases up to the ears, etc., see the ns. Other figurative phrases denoting completeness or fullness are illustrated under hub1 2, knocker 2 c, nine n. 6 b, notch n. 1 b.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. John ii. 7 Ᵹefyldon ða ilca uið to briorde up. c1175Lambeth Hom. 47 Ieremie þe prophete stod..in þe uenne up to his muðe. a1250Owl & Night. 96 Hi fuleþ hit vp to þe chynne. c1305Land Cokayne 181 He mot wade..up to þe chynne So he schal þe londe winne. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1594 For þe mon..Hit hym vp to þe hult. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 802 Vp to the Anclee foghte they in hir blood. 1388Wyclif John ii. 7 Fille ȝe the pottis with watir. And thei filliden hem, vp to the mouth. c1450St. Cuthbert 1641 With in þe se Vp to þe nek naked stode he. 1470–85Malory Arthur i. xvii. 61 Her horses went in blood vp to the fytlokys. a1553[see ear n.1 1 c]. 1590W. Webbe Trav. (Arb.) 32 She might haue gone vp to the mid leg in..mire. 1599[see hilt n. 1 b]. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. iii. i. 107 Let vs bathe our hands in Cæsars blood Vp to the Elbowes. 1607Dekker & Marston Northw. Hoe iv. ii, Weele draw all our arrowes of reuenge vp to the head. 1616[see chin n.1 1 d]. 1648Hexham ii, Tot den Hecht toe, up to the Haft. 1662J. Davies tr. Mandelslo's Trav. 64 They go bare-breasted, and bare-arm'd up to the Elbows. 1687–[see hilt n. 3]. 1790Bruce Source of Nile i. v, The girls..stand up to their knees in the water for a considerable time. 1808Andrew Scott Poems (ed. 2) 101 Up to the haft at ilka stroke Some clash their hooks. 1825Cobbett Rur. Rides (1830) I. 67 With white aprons and bibs..going from the apron up to the bosom. 1883A. Robson Dead Letter ii. v, Up to our Elbows making Damson Jam. 1884–9[see eye n.1 2 e].
(c) Raised or short so as to leave uncovered.
1835Lady Dufferin Charming Woman 22 Her shoulders are rather too bare, And her gown's nearly up to her knees. 1868L. M. Alcott Little Women iv, Sometimes she is so bad, her frock is up to her knees.
b. Up towards; aloft in the direction of.
c900tr. Baeda's Hist. i. vii. (1890) 38 Albanus..his eaᵹan ahof upp to heofonum. 971Blickl. Hom. 227 He..mid his eaᵹum up to heofenum locade. c1000ælfric Gen. iv. 10 Þines broðor blod clypað up to me of eorðan. c1220Bestiary 187 Deme ðe noȝt wurdi, ðat tu dure loken up to ðe heuene⁓ward. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 9342 Ȝoure riȝt honden holdeþ vp to god. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints v. (John) 566 Hevand his handis vpe to þe hevyn. a1425Cursor M. 19468 (Trin.), Vp to heuen he helde his honde. a1626–[see look v. 45 d]. 1719Watts Ps. cxxi. 1 Up to the hills I lift mine eyes. 1845Bailey Festus (ed. 2) 171 Oh! my heart was lift to thee Like a glass up to a star. 1852Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom xxvii, But oh, if mas'r could only look up..—up to the dear Lord Jesus!
c. (a) So as to reach or arrive at (a particular place or person).
The precise force of up varies in accordance with sense 6.
(a)1516in E. Lodge Illustr. Brit. Hist. (1791) I. 15 If I shulde com up to London the next terme. 1518in Leadam Star Chamber Cases (Selden) II. 150 Oder evill disposed persones..ben commyn vp to hym to maynteyn hym. 1592Arden of Feversham i. i. 531, Ile vp to London straight. 1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth i. (1723) 41 When I first brought my Collection of these Things up to London. 1774A. Adams in Fam. Lett. (1876) 48 Mr. Hill's father had some thoughts of removing up to Braintree. 1810in Milner Suppl. Mem. Eng. Cath. (1820) 153 To wait..until Bishop Gibson should come up to town. 1821J. H. Newman Lett. (1891) I. 56 Coming up to Oxford to study. 1889‘J. S. Winter’ Mrs. Bob xxvi, In time to catch the next train up to Town.
(b)1555R. Thomson in Hakluyt's Voy. (1600) III. 448 Wee did vnbarke our selues and went on land vp to the citie or head towne. 1599Nashe Lenten Stuffe D j, The three riuers that vagary vp to her. 1659–[see get v. 80 c]. 1684Bunyan Pilgr. ii. (1900) 173 When Christina came up to the Slough of Dispond. 1694Lond. Gaz. No. 3023/1 He..could not get up again to the Fleet. 1709Tatler No. 114 ⁋1 When he came up to me, he took me by the Hand. 1726Swift Gulliver i. viii, I was forced to swim till I got up to it [sc. the boat]. 1806A. Duncan Nelson 46 He could not get the bomb vessels up to the point of attack. 1823Southey Hist. Penins. War I. 171 A carriage with six mules drew up to the guard-house. 1888F. Hume Mme. Midas i. xii, They will never catch up to that horse.
(b) As far as (a specified point).
1832L. Hunt Poems 193 With green up to the door. 1865Earle Sax. Chron. p. xiii, Back into the mists of high mythology,..and so up to Adam. 1875Encycl. Brit. III. 637/1 Up to the book of Joshua all three [narratives] run side by side. 1881Phil. Trans. CLXXIII. 483 The rostrum is very uniform up to near the front end.
(c) Till, until (a specified time).
In frequent use from c 1835. Cf. up-to-date.
1803M. Venzee Fate 187 Up to the present time. 1834–6Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VIII. 415/2 Up to 1750, he had made about two hundred tons [of zinc]. 1849Rock Ch. of Fathers i. ii. 125 Up to the present day is still kept..this very rubric. 1864W. Lewins H. M. Mails 311 Government letters..may be posted, without extra fee, up to the latest moment. 1891Meredith One of our Conq. xxvi, A comprehensible pride..keeps the forsaken man silent up to death.
ellipt.1851Mrs. Browning Casa Guidi Wind. i. 993 By councils,—from Nicaea up to Trent.
(d) colloq. Before (one's face).
1862Trollope Orley F. II. 111 She told me so, up to my face.
(e) As a task or responsibility upon (a person). Cf. up adv.2 19 d.
1908‘Frank Danby’ Heart of Child xviii, We'll let them know what is going on, and put it up to them to take action.
d. (a) So as to reach or attain (a specified point or stage) by action directed to an end.
See also act v. 9 e, come v. 74 h, keep v. 57 i, live v.1 4 f.
1611Shakes. Wint. T. iv. iv. 544 Your discontenting Father striue to qualifie And bring him vp to liking. 1629Earle Microcosm. (Arb.) 81 A verse or some such worke he may sometimes get vp to, but seldome aboue the stature of an Epigram. 1688Dryden tr. Life Xavier i. 10 To Exhort them to live up to the Rules of Christianity. 1748Biog. Brit. II. 1305 He was not unacquainted with the antient rules of Poetry, nor was he incapable of writing up to them. 1751F. Coventry Pompey the Little ii. v. 166 A Country Gentleman, who had lived, as it is called, up to his Income. 1827Faraday Chem. Manip. iv. (1842) 128 Boiling at different temperatures will, of course, communicate heat up to their boiling points. 1834J. H. Newman Par. Serm. (1837) I. xx. 313 Such men do not practise up to their knowledge. 1855Poultry Chron. II. 538/2 Without it amateurs scarcely know what points to breed up to. 1908Animal Managem. 69 Where horses are called on to work up to their rations.
(b) So as to reach by progression or gradual rise.
17..Ramsay Birth of Drumlanrig vii, Your Prince, who late Up to the state of manhood run. 1772Regul. H.M. Service at Sea 5 The youngest Officer shall vote first, proceeding in Order up to the President. 1793Jefferson Writ. (1830) IV. 482 Money being so flush, the six per cents run up to twenty-one and twenty-two shillings.
(c) As many or as much as; including all below (a specified number, etc.).
1892Photogr. Ann. II. p. cl, The sizes..up to and including 9 inches focus. 1910T. A. Joyce Handbk. Ethnogr. Coll. Brit. Mus. 259 Good canoes..carrying up to thirty-six men.
e. Bridge. to lead up to: to lead in a manner which allows (a particular card or suit) to be played from the third or fourth hand. Also after the n.
1911L. Leigh Blue Bk. Bridge & Auction iii. 97 In a trump deal, if the lead has been a low card the suit cannot be more than moderately strong, and the third hand..may lead up to a weak holding in Dummy's hand. 1927L. Hattersley Auction & Contract Bridge Clarified xxv. 251 The Queen should never be led up to the Ace with the vain idea of making a finesse. 1950G. S. Coffin Learn Bridge iv. 26 He must lead a ◇ away from his king up to dummy's ace-queen. 1964R. L. Frey Official Encycl. Bridge 655/2 The old maxim recommending a lead ‘up to weakness’ is valid but not very helpful. 1973Reese & Dormer Compl. Bk. Bridge xvii. 223 He leads up to and not away from dummy's high cards.
27. up until―. = up to―, sense 26 c (c). Cf. up till―, sense 25.
1938Tablet 28 May 698/2 Up until the time when Mit Brennender Sorge and the associated Encyclicals appeared, there was indeed some reason for believing that the idea of Catholic Action was to be interpreted more or less in such a manner. 1971Sci. Amer. Oct. 118/3 Up until the past few years all the pictures we saw of that world..seemed less photographic, for all their authenticity, than maplike.
28. up with ―. (Cf. 32.)
a. So as to reach.
1659Nicholas Papers (Camden) IV. 95, 3 Spanish men of warre..who..came vp with vs and fired at vs. 1678–[see come v. 74 c]. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 17 Finding the Pirate..would certainly come up with us in a few Hours, we prepar'd to fight. 1761Ann. Reg., Chron. 156/2 At five a.m. we got almost up with the chace. 1795Nelson in Nicolas Disp. (1845) II. 13 As he drew up with the Enemy. 1795Ann. Reg. i. 15 The Russians..came up with his rear.
b. to put up with: see put v.1 56 p (b).
c. to draw or take up with: see draw v. 89 i, take v. 90 z.
IV. In elliptic uses.
29. a. Used imperatively (with ellipse of verb), as a command or exhortation to action, activity, rising from bed, movement, etc. Cf. up v. 4.
a1300Cursor M. 2819 Vp loth,..þat ȝee ne be tint wit þis cite. 1535Coverdale Judges iv. 4 Debbora sayde vnto Barak: Vp, this is the daie wherin [etc.]. 1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Nov. 47 Then vp I say,..Let not my small demaund be so contempt. 1595Shakes. John ii. i. 295 Vp higher to the plaine, where we'l set forth In best appointment all our Regiments. 1612Drayton Poly-olb. iii. 1 Up with the jocund lark (too long we take our rest). 1617Hieron Wks. II. 315 Dauid..was the first which said, ‘Vp, let vs flie!’ 1625Sanderson Serm. I. 131 Up then with the zeal of Phinehas, up for the love of God and of His people. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. i. ii. 18 Up alaft [sic] to the Top-mast-head, and look abroad. 1733W. Ellis Chiltern & Vale Farm. 5 These with the Thistles, and many others when they get the Dominion, is, up Weed and down Corn. 1798Wordsw. Tables Turned 3 Up! up! my Friend, and quit your books;..Up! up! 1816Scott Paul's Lett. 181 ‘Up, Guards, and at them,’ cried the Duke of Wellington. 1827Keble Chr. Y., Advent Sunday ii, Awake!.. Up from your beds of sloth for shame.
b. With auxiliary or other verbs: To go or come up; to rise. Also rarely without verb.
An OE. instance occurs in Genesis 497.
1535Coverdale Ps. xi[i]. 6, I wil vp (sayeth the Lorde). 1590Shakes. Mids. N. iv. i. 114 We will..vp to the Mountaines top. c1630Sanderson Serm. II. 280 He would up therefore to a higher..Judge; and that was the Lord. 1637R. Ashley tr. Malvezzi's David Persecuted 205 The great favorites of Princes..fall headlong, they are gone, they cannot up againe. 1647N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. lix. 184 Perceiving that the Kings spirit would up againe. 1678Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) I. 2 On the 9th the king came..and sent for the house of commons up. 1727Swift Imit. Hor. Wks. 1755 III. ii. 48 Lewis, the dean will be of use; Send for him up, take no excuse. 1816Muir Minstrelsy 27 (E.D.D.), Up they till't like twa game cocks.
30. Followed by a noun in objective relationship to a verb omitted (e.g. hold, raise, pull, etc.). Orig. only with imperative force; now freq. in other uses and tending to assume the function of a verb. (Cf. up v. 3–4.)
c1384Chaucer H. Fame ii. 1021 Now vp the hede for alle ys wele. 1628Rutherford Lett. (1664) 425 Courage, up your heart. a1751in A. Whitelaw Bk. Sc. Song (1866) 29 She rants up some fule-sang, like, Up your heart, Charlie! 1823Scott Quentin D. xxii, Up heart, master, or we are but gone men. 1828P. Hawker Diary (1893) I. 343, I ‘up gun’ and down came a bird. 1853Kane Grinnell Exped. xxx. (1856) 264 When the weather is very cold, I up hood. 1854F. W. Mant Midshipman 88 So that I am free to up stick and away. 1891Kipling Light that Failed viii, He wants to up-stakes and move out.
Naut.1829Marryat F. Mildmay xxiii, We agreed to up helm. 1832― N. Forster x, As soon as the jolly-boat comes on board we'll up anchor. 1834― P. Simple III. 286 She up courses and took in her topgallant sails. 1840,1859[see helm n.2 1 c]. 1859Bartlett Dict. Amer. (ed. 2), To up jib, to be off. A sailor's phrase. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 707–8 Up anchor... Up boats!.. Up courses!.. Up screw! 1893McCarthy in Westm. Gaz. 9 March 5/1 That moment he and his companions would up steam and make for the shores of Gloria.
31. ellipt. for up with— (sense 32 e). colloq.
1937S. Beckett in A. Chisholm Nancy Cunard (1979) xxiii. 241 Up the Republic! a1966‘M. na Gopaleen’ Best of Myles (1968) 330 ‘Up the Prince of Wales’ or something, I suppose. 1980M. McMullen My Cousin Death (1981) xi. 131 Conor's taken him off... Up Conor, I say.
32. up with (also † mid) —. (Cf. 28.)
a. Denoting the raising of a weapon, the hand, etc., esp. so as to strike. (Cf. up v. 8 b.)
c1275Lay. 23931 Arthur vp mid his spere..and pungde vppen Frolle. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 355 Judas..up wiþ a stoon and smoot Ruben on þe hede. c1400Gamelyn 535 Gamelyn vp with his staff..And girt him in þe nek. c1450Knt. de la Tour xix. 27 Her husbonde up with his fust, and gaue her .ij. or .iij. gret strokes. 1584in Cath. Rec. Soc. Publ. V. 82 The Earle..up with his fiste and gave the poore man a great blow upon the face. 1610Healey St. Aug. Citie of God xviii. xiv. 688 Hercules..one time vp with his harpe and knockt out his maisters braynes. 1689Hickeringill Ceremony-Monger Concl. iii, He up with his foot, and kick't it off from the King's Head. 1704Swift T. Tub xi, He would down with his knees, up with his eyes, and fall to prayers. 1885Stevenson Pr. Otto i. ii, Otto..up with his whip and thrashed him. 1893Daily Tel. 17 July 6/4 She ‘up with her fist’.
b. Denoting erecting, raising, drawing or pulling up, etc. Chiefly in imperative use. Also up with you! = rise, get up.
c1377in Minor Poems Vernon MS. 718/99, I ou rede..Þat vch a Mon vp wiþ þe hede, And mayntene him boþe heiȝe and lowe. c1460Towneley Myst. xxiii. 215 Vp with the tymbre [= cross]. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, v. iii. 7 Vp with my Tent, heere wil I lye to night! a1596Sir T. More ii. iii. 24 Vpp with the drawbridge, gather som forces To Cornhill. 1645J. Fary Gods Severity 26 Can it..be endured that a tree should stand, yeelding no increase?.. No, the good husband-man will up with it. 1816Byron Siege Cor. xxii, Alla Hu! Up to the skies with that wild halloo! 1857Hughes Tom Brown i. vi, ‘Let's toss two of them together.’.. ‘Up with another one.’ 1863A. Young Naut. Dict. (ed. 2) 432 Up with the helm.
(b)1809Malkin Gil Blas vi. i. ⁋9 Up with you! up with you! was the alarum of..Ambrose. 1846A. Marsh Father Darcy II. iii. 81 Up, up, with you, my master, and it please you.
c. To drink off, consume.
1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 30 He demaunded, how that medeicine was to bee taken?.. The seruaunte had aunswered, that he must vp with it all at a draught.
d. To ‘come out’ with, to utter or sing (something).
1594Nashe Unfort. Trav. A 3 b, He bad me declare my minde... I vp with a long circumstaunce..and discourst vnto him what [etc.]. 1688R. L'Estrange Erasm. Colloq. 190 Then Fawn up with his story, and tells him [etc.]. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. xvii, ‘He has taught that song to our Dick.’.. ‘Then let us have it:..let him up with it boldly.’
e. Denoting support or advocacy of a person or thing. † to be up with, to commend, praise, laud, extol. Obs.
1592Nashe P. Pennilesse D i, They..run their words at random,..and are vppe with this man and that man. 1599― Lenten Stuffe D 4 b, One is vp with the excellence of the browne bill and the long bowe: another [etc.]. 1643Trapp Comm. Gen. xxxi. 44 Laban likewise talks a great deal here; and is up with the more, and down with the less, (as they say). a1792in Statist. Acc. Scotl. II. 436 That song, ‘Up with the souters of Selkirk, and down with the Earl of Hume’. 1815Scott Guy M. vi, After some clubs had drunk Up with this statesman, and others Down with him.
Comb.1902G. K. Menzies Prov. Sk. 105 A ‘down-with-the-Lords’ young man, An up-with-myself young man.
33. a. up and —, denoting the act of rising or starting up, accompanied by subsequent action.
13..Sir Orfeo 96 (A.), Ac euer sche held in o cri, And wold vp and owy. c1374Chaucer Troylus iii. 548 Pandare vp and..straught a morwe vn-to his nece wente. 1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 180 b, Achilles..vp and gaue hym suche a cuff on the eare, that he slewe hym. 1682Bunyan Holy War 240 At the sound of their feet he would up and run, and meet them half way. 1838Dickens O. Twist xxxi, Why didn't you up, and collar him? 1894Sir J. D. Astley 50 Years Life II. 258 Refreshed, I up and plod on again.
b. With verbs of speaking or saying, implying a sudden or open declaration.
1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Luke xxiv. 13–24 Thei..vp & declare at large vnto Jesus the summe of al y⊇ wholle matier. 1562T. Wilson Rhet. (ed. 2) 79 The Italian vp and tolde him all. 1611Middleton & Dekker Roaring Girle I i, He forswore all, I vp and opened all. a1639W. Whately Prototypes ii. xxxi. (1640) 111 For the man..up and told them all that had fallen out. 1702W. J. tr. Bruyn's Voy. Levant xlvi. 181 Whereupon she up and told him all that had passed between them. 1836–7Dickens Sk. Boz, Mr. Watkins Tottle ii, He seed her several times, and then he up and said he'd keep company with her. 1880E. G. O'Reilly Sussex Stories I. 239 She'll up and speak to the gentry themselves. 1891‘R. Boldrewood’ Sydney-side Sax. Introd., I wonder what he would say if I up and asked him for Miss Cissie.
▪ V. up, adv.2|ʌp|
Forms: 1–6 uppe, 3–6 vppe (5 wppe), 3 Orm., 5 upp (7 vpp), 6– up (7 upe, vpe); 4 ope, oppe, 4–5, 9 dial. op.
[OE. uppe, = OFris. uppa (oppa, opa), OS. uppa, MDu. oppe (uppe), ON. uppe, uppi (Icel. uppi, Norw. and Sw. uppe, Da. oppe), f. upp up adv.1
Also in part representing OE. up, upp up adv.1, which is occasionally used in place of uppe.]
I. In senses denoting position in space.
1. a. At some distance above the ground or earth; high in the air; on high; aloft.
c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past C. xvi. 101 He ᵹeseah ane hlædre standan æt him on eorðan. Oðer ende wæs uppe on hefenum. 975O.E. Chron. (Parker MS.), And þa wearð ætywed uppe on roderum steorra on staðole. c1000Ags. Ps. (Thorpe) cxiii. 11 Ys ure se halᵹa God on heofon-dreame, uppe mid englum. c1200Ormin Ded. 259 Sannt Johan..sahh upp inn heffne an boc. c1300K. Horn 1171 (Laud MS.), Ayol was op in toure. c1375Cursor M. 3148 (Fairf.), Vp hey a-pon ȝone felle sal þou bren þi sone for me. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, v. v. 112 Mount, mount, my soule, thy seate is vp on high. 1603― Meas. for M. ii. ii. 152 True prayers, That shall be vp at heauen, and enter there Ere Sunne rise. 1634J. Levett Ordering of Bees 23 The ringing of basons,..which I haue often heard when a swarme is up, or in rising. 1788Dibdin Poor Jack ii, There's a sweet little cherub that sits up aloft, To keep watch for the life of poor Jack. 1815Scott Guy M. v, A flag that's up yonder in the garret. 1842Tennyson Lady Clare i, The time when..clouds are highest up in air.
b. Of the heavenly bodies: Risen above the horizon; ascended into the sky.
a1000in Narrat. Angl. Conscr. (1861) 29 Næs se mona þa ᵹyt uppe. c1000Sax. Leechd. III. 272 On winterlicre tide hi [sc. the Pleiades] beoð on niht uppe & on dæᵹ adune. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. II. 222 Sunne of riȝtwisnesse is uppe. 1481Caxton Godfrey lxxii. 116 In the morne whan the sonne was vp. 1526Tindale Matt. xiii. 6 When the sun was vppe hitt..wyddred awaye. 1599Broughton's Let. v. 15 If the Sunne were vp..he was punished. 1650B. Discolliminium 32 If the Sun be down though the Stars be up. 1719De Foe Crusoe ii. (Globe) 494 Tho' the Moon was up. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v. Honey ⁋5 The Bees only gather it after the Sun is up. 1812Byron Ch. Har. ii. xxi, The moon is up; by Heaven, a lovely eve! 1844Willis Contempl. 1 They are all up—the innumerable stars.
transf.1595Shakes. John v. v. 21 The day shall not be vp so soone as I.
2. On high or (more) elevated ground; more inland; further from the coast or sea.
In OE. also ‘on shore; on land; inland’. Cf. upaland, uponland.
Beowulf 566 Hie..on merᵹenne..be yðlafe uppe læᵹon. c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past. C. xxviii. 197 Ða Saul hine wolde secean uppe on ðæm munte. a900Baeda's Hist. iii. xxiii. (1890) 230 Se biscop..him stowe ᵹeceas mynster to ᵹetimbriᵹenne in heawum morum uppe. a1050O.E. Chron. (MS. D) an. 1016, Ða se kyning ᵹeahsade þæt se here uppe wæs, þa ᵹesamnade he..ealle Engla þeode.
c1560A. Scott Poems ii. 38 For Sym wes bettir sittin, Nor Will, Vp at the Drum that day. 1697W. Dampier Voy. 218 The City..is 20 mile up in the Country. 1710Tatler No. 254 ⁋7, I proposed a visit to the Dutch cabbin, which lay about a mile further up in the country. 1825Scott Betrothed xxiii, The Red Pool..lies up towards the hills. 1846–8Lowell Biglow P. i. Poems (1912) 223 Recollect wut fun we hed..Up there to Waltham plain last fall. 1855Browning Up at a Villa ii, Up at a villa one lives, I maintain it, no more than a beast.
3. a. In an elevated position; at some distance above a usual or natural level.
c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past C. xxxiii. 222 Swæ swæ iu..wæron ða lac forbærndu uppe on ðæm altere. a1000Rood 8 (Gr.), Ᵹimmas..fife wæron uppe on þam eaxleᵹespanne. a1200Vices & Vertues 95 Ðe postes þat sculen beren up ðis weorc. c1200Ormin 1169 All þatt Judewisshe lac Þatt ȝuw her uppe iss shæwedd. c1275Lay. 17495 He bar þare his croune heȝe vppe on his heued. c1275Doomsday 51 in O.E. Misc. 167 Heo schule iseon þene kyng..vppe on þe rode myd stronge pyne abouhte. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. vii. 91 As wilde bestis with wehe [ȝe] worthen vppe and worchen. a1400–50Alexander 198 Quen he was semely vp set with septour in hand. Ibid. 977 (D.), Alexander hys ayre vppe in hys awne trone. 1526–[see stay v.2 1 c]. 1596Edward III, iii. iii. 134 Edwards great linage,..Fiue hundred yeeres hath helde the scepter vp. 1667Pepys Diary 22 July, In my Lord's roome,..where all the Judges' pictures hung up. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. v. xii. 68 As you hale him out, keep him up that you may bring no Powder out with the Ladle. 1764Foote Patron i. Wks. 1799 I. 337 He never brought them..a birth till the christening was over; nor a death till the hatchment was up. 1799Hull Advertiser 13 April 2/1 Cutter-built sloop,..measures up aloft thirty-two feet. 1819W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd (1827) 48 At anes the bells baith up and under Begoud to rattle on like thunder. 1855Bain Senses & Int. ii. ii. §6 An object seems to us to be up or down, according as we raise or lower the pupil of the eye in order to see it. 1899Daily News 6 Nov. 4/5 The accommodation is limited to one room down and two up.
b. In fig. phrases or expressions.
c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 675 As doon thise loueres in hir queynte geres.., Now vp, now doun, as boket in a welle. c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode i. lxxviii. (1869) 46 So michel þow didest, what up what doun, þat to mariage þow haddest hire. 1579Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 758/1 Wee must..be readie to forgoe all: wee must alwayes haue one foote vp. 1741Richardson Pamela (ed. 3) I. 199 There I stood, my Heart up at my Mouth. 1749Walpole Let. to Mann 23 March, Ned's envy, which was always up at high-water-mark. 1828Carr Craven Gloss. s.v., I can find him nayther up-ner-down; i.e. I can find him no where.
c. Of an adjustable (esp. sliding) device or part: Raised.
1599Shakes. Hen. V, ii. i. 55 Pistols cocke is vp, and flashing fire will follow. 1600Fairfax Tasso vi. xxvi, Her ventall vp so hie, that he descride Her goodly visage. 1610R. Vaughan Water-workes P 4 b, Vnlesse..my seruants suffer the Sluces to be vpp when they should be downe. 1708S. Centlivre Busie Body iv. ii, He has escap'd out of the Window, for the Sash is up. 1764E. Carter Let. to Miss Talbot 3 Feb., The glasses [of the coach] were up and broke to shivers. 1796Southey Joan of Arc ii. 488, I saw him.. Riding from rank to rank, his beaver up. 1799Lamb Lett. (1888) I. 112 Travelling with the coach windows sometimes up. 1838J. F. Cooper Excurs. Italy I. 57 We were closely curtained and had the glasses up [in the travelling-carriage]. 1879Meredith Egoist i, The visitor carried a bag, and his coat-collar was up. 1892Photogr. Ann. II. 407 It closes itself either way, with the piston up or down.
d. colloq. On horseback; riding. Also fig.
1812J. H. Vaux Flash Dict. s.v., A man who is ‘in swell-street’, that is, having plenty of money, is said to be ‘up in the stirrups’. 1856H. Dixon Post & Paddock vi. 93 His running in a sweepstakes, when Sam [the jockey] was not ‘up’. 1857G. Lawrence Guy Liv. iii, A match for {pstlg}50, 10 st. 7 lb. each. Owners up. 1886in Fores's Sporting Notes III. 6 To pace the paddock when Archer's up.
e. Of a woman's hair: worn tied or pinned on top of or at the back of the head, not hanging down; spec. as an indication of entry into adult society.
1911Beerbohm Zuleika D. xiv. 207 Her hair, tied back at the nape of her neck, would very soon be ‘up’. a1976A. Christie Autobiogr. (1977) iv. i. 166, I was now ready to ‘come out’. My hair was ‘up’, which at that period meant.. large knots of curls high up on the head.
†4. Of a gate, door, etc.: Open. Obs.
13..Cursor M. 24423 (Gött.), All vp [Cott. opind] war þair grauis sene. 1340Ayenb. 255 Yef hi vyndeþ þe gate oppe, hi guoþ in liȝtliche. 1390Gower Conf. III. 336 The dore is up, and he in wente. c1480Henryson Twa Mice xxi, Bot in he went, and left the dure vp wyde. 1550Crowley Epigr. 118 In seruice tyme no dore standeth vp, Where such men are wonte to fyll can and cuppe.
5. a. High, in respect of the river-bank or shore.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 51 Seuarne is ofte vppe and passeþ þe brynkes. 1546Yorks. Chantry Surv. (Surtees) 209 At such tyme when the waters be uppe. 1720De Foe Capt. Singleton xiii. (1840) 221 The tide was up. 1844W. H. Maxwell Wand. Highl. xxxvii, The sea was up. 1882‘Mark Twain’ Roughing It vii. 35 The Platte was ‘up’, they said—which made me wish I could see it when it was down.
b. Out of the stomach, etc.
1579Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 65 If I giue them a Pil to purge their humor, they neuer leaue belking till it bee vp.
c. On or above the surface of the ground or water.
1835Trans. Zoological Soc. I. 234 By remaining perfectly quiet when the animal is ‘up’ the spectator is enabled to attain an excellent view of its movements in the water. 1854Ruskin Let. to Miss Mitford 7 Aug., The soldanella..is..distinguished for its hurry to be up in the spring. 1865G. Macdonald A. Forbes viii, She was as lonely as if she had anticipated the hour of the resurrection, and was the little only one up of the buried millions. 1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-m. 268 Up, on the bank, or on the surface.
6. a. In a standing posture; on one's feet; standing (and delivering a speech).
(a)1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 3828 Is suerd he drou þere Vor to asaile him þerwiþ, ac þe oþer was vp ere. a1300,1398[see bear v. 18]. c1440Generydes 44 An hert was fownde.., And vppe vppon his fete he was a non. c1450Mankind 29 (Brandl), O ȝe souerens, þat sytt, and ȝe brotherne, þat stonde ryghte wppe. 1595Shakes. John iii. iv. 137 He that stands vpon a slipp'ry place, Makes nice of no vilde hold to stay him vp. 1613Withers Abuses Stript i. v, They..are so quickly up in a bravado. 1682Bunyan Holy War 164 They were not able without staggering to stand up under it. 1787‘G. Gambado’ Acad. Horsem. (1809) 34 The standing up in your stirrups, whilst trotting.., has a most elegant and genteel effect. 1860–[see hold v. 44 f]. 1888J. H. Stirling in A. H. Stirling Life (1912) 310 The student up was just translating in the ordinary slip-slop, unthinking fashion.
(b)1657Burton's Diary (1828) I. 319, I only stood up first, to speak to the orders of the House. But now I am up, I desire [etc.]. 1762Foote Orator iii. Wks. 1799 I. 220 Silence, gentlemen;..A worthy member is up. 1778Ann. Reg., Hist. 133/2 The Minister concluded a long..speech, which kept him full two hours up. 1835Dickens Sk. Boz, Parl. Sk., Members arrive..to report that ‘The Chancellor of the Exchequer's up’. 1899Daily News 24 March 2/1 He had a comparatively small audience, augmenting in numbers as news went round that he was up.
b. In an upright position.
Also bolt up, right up, straight up: see these words.
1669Pepys Diary 3 March, My Lord Mayor did retreat out of the Temple by stealth, with his sword up. 1727–[see sit v. 25 c]. 1859Tennyson Geraint & Enid 546 Bound on a foray..[the earl] Came riding with a hundred lances up. 1884Lillywhite's Cricket Ann. 60 He kept up his wicket until the finish.
c. Erected, built.
1613–39I. Jones in Leoni Palladio's Archit. (1742) I. 70 Part of this Building..is finish'd, but the rest have some part of the Basement up only. 1742Leoni Ibid. II. 69 Of the Rings for Races... A third is yet up.., though half⁓ruined.
d. Baseball. At bat.
[1862N.Y. Sunday Mercury 13 July 6/1 Crane came up to open the inning.] 1896Sun (N.Y.) 13 May 4/1 At the beginning of the tenth inning the score was a tie. Van Haltren was the first New Yorker up. 1909R. H. Barber Double Play xvii. 208 The fourth man up chose a ball to his liking and sliced it down the first-base line. 1942P. Gallico Lou Gehrig viii. 97 Koenig was up next, a precision machine at getting a man along to second with hit or sacrifice. 1976E. Blackwell in Baseball between Lines 52 They got a man in scoring position with two out and Buddy Kerr up.
7. a. Out of bed; risen.
a1375Joseph Arim. 234 In þe morwe he was vppe and roises þis oþure. c1400Laud Troy Bk. 16992 The sonne is rysen & schynes bryght, And thei are vppe & redi dyght. 1470–85Malory Arthur viii. xxv. 311 Take youre rest and loke that ye be vp by tymes. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §149 Go to thy bedde and slepe, and be vppe betyme. 1581Mulcaster Positions 19 Those people..be drousie when they are vp, for want of their sleepe. 1607Dekker Westw. Hoe ii. i, We..must be vp with the lark. 1641in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. I. 78, I vas upe this morninge be two a cloacke. 1693Dryden Juvenal iii. 218 In vain we rise, and to their Levees run; My Lord himself is up, before, and gone. 1719De Foe Crusoe ii. (Globe) 363 Another..asked, who it was that was up? 1771E. Haywood New Present for Maid 255 When the family is up, she should set open the windows of the bed-chambers. 1854R. S. Surtees Handley Cr. li, Mrs. Jorrocks,..and Benjamin, were up with the lark. a1873Lytton Ken. Chillingley xiv, One of the young ladies who attended..to the dairy was already up.
b. Not gone to bed; not yet abed.
a1535Fisher Wks. (1875) 367 Peraduenture he was late vp the night before. 1550–[see sit v. 25 b]. 1622J. Taylor (Water P.) Shilling B 5, Whilst all the Drawers must stay vp and waite Vpon these fellowes be it ne're so late. 1763G. Williams in Jesse Selwyn & Contemp. (1843) I. 250 While Lord March and I are up half the night with people of a profligate character. 1779Warner Ibid. (1844) IV. 274, I was in hopes that some of the servants were still up. 1834Maginn in Blackw. Mag. XXXV. 748 My eye caught a light in the window... Seeing that the old fellow was up, I determined to step over. 1852Dickens Bleak Ho. lviii, The corporation of servants are dismissed to bed (not unwilling to go, for they were up all last night). 1855–[see wait v.1 7 f].
c. Of game: Roused, started.
1611Shakes. Cymb. iii. iii. 117 Hearke, the Game is rows'd... The Game is vp.
d. In various colloq. phrases: up and about, around, active, moving about, esp. of a person who has been ill, no longer in bed; up and doing, busy and active.
1817H. Granville Let. in B. Askwith Piety & Wit (1982) vii. 103 We are all much better for her presence—it says ‘up and doing’, she looks so reviving. 1893‘Mark Twain’ in Century Mag. Dec. 234/2 She was up and around the same day. 1901Daily Chron. 17 Dec. 3/2 She was..the most up-and-doing woman of all her generation. 1909Dialect Notes III. 385 Up and about,..used in expressing moderate health. 1927G. Hunting Vicarion xxi. 350 It required another week for him to get up and about. 1946K. Tennant Lost Haven (1947) 3 Steamy rains wash..from men's minds all desire to be up and doing. 1978Lancashire Life Sept. 88/2 It was not unusual to hear her up and about in the middle of the night, checking on a seriously ill patient.
8. a. Further away from the mouth towards the source of a river, the inner part of a bay, etc.
1600Hakluyt Voy. II. 194 Wee..arriued in the Easter⁓side thereof some ten leagues vp within the Bay. 1697W. Dampier Voy. 7 We..rowed up to the head of the Creek, being about a mile up, and there we landed. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. iii, By taking the current a little farther up, the rest of the family got safely over. 1816Tuckey Narr. Exped. R. Zaire vi. (1818) 223 At day-light sent off all..the people who had been up with me, to the transport. 1862Kingsley in Lett., etc. (1877) II. 139, I never saw such a river, though there are very few salmon up.
b. Pointing or directed to the stream.
1821Acc. Peculations Coal Trade 7 Then he recollects there is a punt head up in Mill-hole tier.
c. Towards a place or position; forward; advanced in place.
1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, v. iv. 92 Porter. Make way there... Man. You great fellow, Stand close vp.
1806T. S. Surr Winter in London II. 133 ‘Is my chariot up?’ said the captain. ‘Next to the duchess's, sir.’ 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-Bk. 368 Hard up, the tiller so placed as to carry the rudder close over to leeward of the stern-post. 1868Field 18 July 49/2 Viscount lying second, and the others in close order well up. 1903Warner in Hutchinson Cricket 65 If the ball is a half-volley or well up.
d. At or in a place of importance (spec. London).
1845Carlyle Cromwell (1871) III. 126 ‘Dick Cromwell and his Wife’ seem to be up in Town on a visit. 1866Trollope Claverings iv, You'll be up in London by the 10th of next month. 1886C. E. Pascoe London of To-day ii. (ed. 3) 37 Literary parsons ‘up’ for a week or two's reading at the British Museum.
e. colloq. At or in school or college. Cf. sense 16 below.
1847Tennyson Princ. Prol. 175 We seven stay'd at Christmas up to read. 1866Routledge's Ev. Boy's Ann. 197 The boys were still ‘up’, that is, in school [= Eton]. 1886Law Times' Rep. LIII. 664/2 The permission to remain up during the vacation.
f. Of a foxhound or a follower of the hunt: keeping pace with the fox; present at its death.
1839‘Harkaway’ Jrnl. 4 Jan. in E. A. Pease Cleveland Hounds (1887) iii. 63 Sly Reynard ran down the lane a field's length, and then took the fields. This gave the leaders a sob and the second-raters time to get up. 1889F. Mason Flowers of Hunt 199 Ride as they might, the pace was so great that only a select few were on anything like terms with the hounds. ‘Only eight of us up!’ remarked Tom Chirpington. 1908Punch 8 Apr. 267/1 Biggest ole dog-fox what ever I see!.. Nobody up but the Master an' me! 1972Daily Tel. 21 Nov. 19 On the second occasion the pack accounted for a brace of foxes, but the Princess's party was not up at either kill.
9. In miscellaneous uses:
a. Facing upward.
1683Dryden & Lee Dk. of Guise v. i, The world's..better now, 'tis downside up. 1852C. Morfit Tanning & Currying (1853) 289 The skin is stretched over this, with the grain side up. 1891Anthony's Photogr. Bull. IV. 65 The tissue should be completely immersed, face up.
b. Off the ground; in store; in a proper place or receptacle.
to keep up: see keep v. 57 a, k. to lie up (= in bed, etc.): see lie v.1 29.
1865Trollope Belton Est. iii. 26 Our hay has been all up these three weeks.
c. With the surface broken or removed.
1886Daily News 14 Oct. (Encycl. Dict.), Streets that are up. 1891C. T. C. James Rom. Rigmarole 1 A great deal of road⁓way was ‘up’. 1908Times 28 July 2/6 There was a good deal of traffic in the road, part of which was up for repairs.
II. In figurative senses.
10. a. In a state of disorder, tumult, revolt, or insurrection; risen in rebellion. Also const. in (mutiny, etc.).
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 834 Fro þe seggez haden souped.., Er euer þay bosked to bedde þe borȝ was al vp. c1420Contin. Brut. 358 And anon come tydyngez þat Harry of Bolyngbroke was vp with a strong power of pepill. 1487Cely Papers (Camden) 166 The comens of the town..hawe ben upp onys or twyse allredy. a1548Hall Chron., Edw. IV, 208 b, All the Realme was vp, and by open Proclamacion commaunded to make warre against hym. 1593Marlowe Edw. II, i. iv, 'Tis treason to be vp against the king. 1655Nicholas Papers (Camden) II. 298 The Levellers wilbe spedily vpp against Cromwell. 1688Wood Life (O.H.S.) III. 284 Lord de la Mere up in Cheshire with forces and crie ‘No bishops!’ 1695C. Hatton in H. Corr. (Camden) II. 216 For thes 2 nights a great mob have been up in Holborn and Drury Lane. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. ix. II. 529 The eastern counties were up. 1889C. Doyle Micah Clarke 58, I had heard that Monmouth was up, and I knew that you would not lose a night ere starting.
(b)1656Earl of Monmouth tr. Boccalini's Advts. fr. Parnass. ii. xi. (1674) 150 People that are up in commotion. 1844P. Harwood Hist. Irish Rebellion 137 The British fleet was then up in mutiny.
b. up in arms, risen, levied, or marshalled as an armed host. Also fig. (see arm n.2 4 b).
c1590Sir T. More i. iii. 77 A number poore artificers are up In arms. c1595Capt. Wyatt Dudley's Voy. (Hakl. Soc.) 47 On a soden yow shall have all quarters up in armes. 1690C. Nesse O. & N. Test. I. 278 All created beings are up in arms to reduce the rebels. 1704[see arm n.2 4 b]. 1812Crabbe Tales v. 249 Be not a Quixote, ever up in arms To give the guilty and the great alarms. 1879J. D. Long æneid x. 321 Ascanius, cooped in by wall and ditch, The Latins up in arms, fights hand to hand. 1893W. Forbes-Mitchell Remin. Gt. Mutiny 108 The public-house keepers..were up in arms to raise as much opposition as possible.
c. Actively stirring or moving about. Also fig.
c1460Wisdom 518 in Macro Plays 52 ‘Farewell,’ quod I; ‘þe deuyll ys wppe’. 1611Beaum. & Fl. Philaster i. i, This earth you tread upon..was not left..To your inheritance, and I up and living. 1838Longfellow Psalm of Life ix, Let us, then, be up and doing. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xxii. IV. 714 They pursued him: the hue and cry was raised:..the whole country was up. 1872Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. lxxvii. 6 He was up and at it, resolutely resolved that he would not tamely die of despair. 1922Joyce Ulysses 295 Bob's a queer chap when the porter's up in him.
d. In a state of agitation, excitement, exaltation, or confidence.
1470–85Malory Arthur x. lxxv. 546 What,..is your herte vp? yester daye ye ferd as though ye had dremed. 1576Newton Lemnie's Complex. 18 When theyr rage is vp, they will not easily be pacifyed. 1589R. Harvey Pl. Perc. (1590) 7 Now the blood is vp. 1602Marston Ant. & Mel. ii. Wks. 1856 I. 19 My stomack's up... The match of furie is lighted. 1691Hartcliffe Virtues 21 Our Passions,..when they are up, and would hurry us into evil Actions. 1741Richardson Pamela III. 40 It was a nice Part to act; and all his Observations were up, I daresay, on the Occasion. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. xvii, Let us have a bottle of the best gooseberry wine, to keep up our spirits. 1805Wordsw. Prelude iii. 18 My spirit was up, my thoughts were full of hope. 1824Scott St. Ronan's xiii, His pluck was up, and finding himself in a fighting humour, he [etc.]. 1859Dickens T. Two Cities ii. v, Up one minute and down the next; now in spirits and now in despondency. 1891E. Peacock N. Brendon I. 111 When his temper is up he might do anything.
e. Bound for (a place); ready for (something). Cf. 19 a (d).
1870Longfellow John Endicott ii, On board the Swallow,..Up for Barbadoes. 1894Blackmore Perlycross 131 Christie was quite up for it. She loved a bit of skirmish.
11. a. In a state of prevalency, performance, or progress. (In later use mainly with keep v.)
c1290Beket 229 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 113 Þis Ercedekne..stifliche heold op hire riȝte. Ibid. 404 Þou auȝtest more to holden op þane to with-seggen mi power. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. iv. 58 Bot ȝif Meede make hit þi Mischef is vppe. 1399― Rich. Redeles i. 29 Þey..cowde no mysse amende whan mysscheff was vp. 14..Siege Jerusalem 295 Now is ȝour sorow vppe. 1513–[see keep v. 57 f]. 1537–[see hunt's-up]. 1582–[see hold v. 44 g]. 1670–[see keep v. 57 e].
†b. In power or force. Obs.
1541in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 163 He shold se er he died friers and monks uppe agayn. 1607Shakes. Cor. iii. i. 109 To know, when two Authorities are vp,..How soone Confusion May enter. 1641J. Jackson True Evang. T. ii. 89 They are such beasts as while the Law was up,..furnished Gods Altar with Sacrifices.
c. Much or widely spoken of, whether favourably or (latterly) unfavourably.
Cf. the OE. sense ‘disclosed, made known’, and ON. and Icel. uppi, noted, remembered.
1618Bolton Florus (1836) 265 The name of Caius Cæsar was up, for eloquence, and spirit. 1680V. Alsop Mischief of Imposit. vii. 41 His name being up, he may lie abed till noon. 1766G. Williams in Jesse Selwyn & Contemp. (1843) II. 33 [He] has again taken to his bed, and now, since his name is up, there he may lie. 1789,1809[see name n. 5]. 1812Sporting Mag. XXXIX. 283 He observed his name was up there, and he should be suspected. 1824Mrs. Cameron Pink Tippet iii. 16 Your name's up in the town.
d. colloq. Occurring (as a special, unusual, or undesirable event); taking place, going on; amiss, wrong. (Very freq. from c 1850.)
1838Mrs. Gaskell Let. 19 Aug. (1966) 37, I did not mention a word to Lucy but she must have guessed something was ‘up’. 1849Alb. Smith Pottleton Legacy ix. 75 He saw something was ‘up’. 1851Mayhew Lond. Labour I. 21 A shout in answer from the other asks, ‘What's up?’ 1908Times 29 May 15/6 We constantly thought that something was going to be up.
e. Amiss or wrong with a person, etc.
1887Rider Haggard Jess vii, There's something up with that girl.
f. Of food, drink, etc.: ready, served; freq. (tea up!, etc.) as an indication that something is ready to be served, eaten, or drunk. colloq.
1941J. Smiley Hash House Lingo 55 Up. This is usually added to another as ‘coffee up’ ‘waitress up’ or ‘bread up’ and designates the want or approach of a person or thing. 1950‘D. Divine’ King of Fassarai xxi. 177 They heard her voice, ‘Chow up!’ 1972J. Porter Meddler & her Murder xi. 138 Grub's up!.. Them as wants forks can fetch 'em! 1981J. Wainwright All on Summer's Day 14 ‘Tea up.’ Wooley..carrying a steaming pot.
12. In senses denoting completion.
a. Of a period of time, etc.: Completed, ended, expired, over. (Cf. Uphaliday.)
Cf. the same sense of ON. and Icel. uppi, LG. up, Du. op, G. auf.
c1400Destr. Troy 7207 When the tyme was ourtyrnyt, and þe tru vp, Agamynon þe grekys gedrit in þe fild. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. (S.T.S.) II. 86 The king..commandis..to lat him pas frie,..or vp trues, against thame he sal proclayme weiris. Ibid. 235. 1688 Miège Gt. Fr. Dict. ii. s.v., The Quarter is up. 1776in Sparks Corr. Am. Rev. (1853) I. 310 Whose time of enlistment will be up in a few days. 1840R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xxix, He should want a second mate before the voyage was up. 1865Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xix. viii. (1873) VIII. 240 So that the Ball is up; dress-pumps and millineries getting all locked into their drawers again. 1878H. C. Adams Wykehamica xv. 268 As soon as morning school was up, there was a general rush..to breakfast. 1889‘J. S. Winter’ Mrs. Bob xxi, As his leave was nearly up, he..would be off in the morning.
b. Of an assembly: Risen; adjourned; over.
1632Massinger & Field Fatal Dowry i. ii, The court is vp; make way. 1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. iv. §255 The Duke said..that..all men being upon their feet, and out of their places, he conceiv'd the house had been up. 1711Swift Jrnl. to Stella 7 May, Yet perhaps it may not be till Parliament is up. 1773Foote Bankrupt iii. Wks. 1799 II. 126 As both the Houses are up, I shall adjourn..till their meeting again. 1825Hone Every-day Bk. I. 492 After parliament's up. 1853Dickens Bleak Ho. xxxix, The Chancellor is, within these ten minutes, ‘up’ for the long vacation. 1881J. Hatton New Ceylon Pref., There was much bustle of departing travellers. Parliament was up.
c. (At) the number or limit agreed upon as the score or game.
1667Dryden Sir M. Mar-all i. i, Which most mads me, I lose all my sets when I want but one of up. 1680Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) 30 Of Trucks... The Game, because it is sooner up than Billiards, is Nine, and sometimes Fifteen. 1685Tate Cuckolds-Haven ii. ii. 15 Security and his Wife playing at Putt.. Sec. There's up, Wynny, there's up; Come give me my Winnings. 1740Richardson Pamela II. 259, I had four Honours the first time, and we were up at one Deal. 1873Bennett & Cavendish Billiards 5 The game was twelve up. 1876Encycl. Brit. IV. 180/2 (Bowls), The game..is ‘up’ or won when the number of casts agreed on have been obtained by the winning side.
d. Come to a fruitless or undesired end; ‘played out’. Usu. with game.
1787Jefferson Writ. (1859) II. 283 Are we to suppose the game already up? 1800Aurora (Philadelphia) 17 Dec. (Thornton), As the Baltimore paper says, ‘The Jigg's up, Paddy’. 1838Dickens O. Twist xix, He feared the game was up. 1848–[see jig n.1 5]. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. vi. I. 558 Godwine might well think that the game was up.
e. all up, completely done or finished; quite over. Also all U P |juː piː|. (See also U 5.)
1825C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy I. 322 That's all up now. 1854J. W. Warter Last of Old Squires ix, Now corrupted into the simpler saw, ‘It's all U P—up!’ 1860G. J. Whyte-Melville Market Harb. 94 Consequently, when you drop into a run, he goes as long as he can, and it's all u p!
f. Const. with, in previous sense.
1829P. Egan Boxiana 2nd Ser. II. 243 When time was called, it was ‘all up’ with Bob, and Jem was declared the winner. 1833Disraeli Cont. Fleming ii. vi, It is all up with him by this time. 1837P. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 121 It appears now to be ‘all up’ with coast gunning. 1854R. S. Surtees Handley Cr. xxxvi Crikey! they're past! and it's U P with old Pug. 1888McCarthy & Praed Ladies' Gallery I. ix. 221 It was all but up with me.
g. In other applications.
1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-m. 268 A stall or heading is said to be up when it is driven or worked up to a certain line.., beyond which nothing further is to be worked. 1909Cent. Suppl. s.v., Up,..in printing, finished; noting completion of a task: as, the chapter is up; the paper is up.
13. a. Higher in the ascending scale in respect of position, rank, fortune, etc.; in a position of affluence or influence. Also fig. (quot. 1791).
1509Barclay Shyp Folys 17 b, He that lyeth on hye [is] Nowe vp, nowe downe, vnsure as a Balaunce. 1611Shakes. Cymb. i. v. 39 Which first (perchance) shee'l proue on Cats and Dogs, Then afterward vp higher. 1791F. Burney Diary 4 June, I shall be apt to be rather up in the world, as the folks say, if I tope on at this rate! 1877Tennyson Harold i. i, For in our windy world What's up is faith, what's down is heresy. 1905in Eng. Dial. Dict. s.v.
b. Increased in power, force, strength, or vigour; actually blowing; ready for action. Also (in Computing), in working condition. Freq. in phr. up and running. Cf. up time and down adv. 17 c.
1547Boorde Introd. Knowl. 127 Yf the winde be any thyng vp. 1570Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) III. 2197/1 The winde was somwhat vp, and it caused the fire to be y⊇ fiercer. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. v. i. 68 The Storme is vp, and all is on the hazard. 1659Pell Impr. Sea 500 His often hushing of the winds, when they are up. 1742R. Blair Grave 32 The wind is up: hark! how it howls! 1833I. Taylor Fanat. i. 16 What shall be the movements of the deep..when the winds are up! 1848J. Mitchel Jail Jrnl. 27 May, A Government steamer..lay in the river, with steam up. 1889Gunter That Frenchman xxi. 298 Steam is up, and the boat is soon ready to leave her dock. 1978Computing 9 Feb. 1/1 British Steel's giant private packet-switched network is up—and running successfully. 1978Nature 24 Aug. 746/1 The host computer had just broken down, forcing a delay until it could be brought up again. 1983Austral. Personal Computer IV. 106/3 A lot of other facilities need to be available to make a complete up-and-running software package.
c. Advanced, increased, or high in number, value, or price.
1546in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. II. 175 Th' exchaunge is vp agen above xxiiijs. 1722De Foe Plague (1884) 165 The Bill was up at 2785. 1801–[see keep v. 57 c]. 1855Bagehot Lit. Stud. (1879) I. 3 A head full of sums, an idea that tallow is ‘up’. 1887A. Birrell Obiter Dicta Ser. ii. 93 The price of {pstlg}100 stock was up to {pstlg}340. 1891Science-Gossip XXVII. 51/1 Six shillings a couple for ducks, and four for teal, as they're up now.
d. Advanced in years.
a1822Sir A. Boswell Old Beau iii, Though up in life, I'll get a wife. 1834Tait's Mag. I. 417/1 An Irishman, rather up in years. 1884T. Speedy Sport Highl. ii. 13 Gentlemen who are somewhat up in years.
e. (So many points, etc.) in advance of a competitor.
1894Times 19 July 7/2 They were two up at the third hole. 1900J. Doe Bridge Man. 61 When the adversaries are 28 up. 1903Times 6 Feb. 7/6 The former pair winning by three up and two to play.
fig.1919J. B. Morton Barber of Putney vi, It's one up to 'im for stickin' it.
f. At a high or lofty pitch.
1902O. Wister Virginian ix, All the ladies thought the world of her, and McLean had told him she was ‘away up in G’. 1905E. Glyn Viciss. Evangeline 81 He has a giggle right up in the treble.
14. a. Before a magistrate, etc., in court. (Cf. up adv.1 12 b.)
b. Offered or exposed publicly.
1921Conquest Sept. 480/1 His business is to set a value on the teas up for sale.
III. With a preposition following.
15. up against—, faced or confronted by (difficulties, etc.). colloq. (orig. Amer.).
1896Ade Artie i. 7, I saw I was up against it. 1901S. Crane Monster, etc. 231 All he's up against is a case of grand larceny. 1910Chambers's Jrnl. April 232/1 In Canadian phraseology, we were ‘up against it’ with a vengeance!
16. up at—, attending (a specified college or university). Cf. sense 8 e.
1873Trollope Lady Anna (1874) I. viii. 96 The grand idea that young Jack Bluestone, who was up at Brasenose, should marry the Lady Anna. 1926J. Buchan Dancing Floor i. i. 11 It's old Milburne. He's up at Magdalen with me.
17. up for—.
a. Liable to, having to submit to, due to receive; under consideration for, having been proposed for.
1918L. E. Ruggles Navy Explained 52 Down for a shoot,..or up for a shot are all the same. It means that a man has been placed on the report and will have to appear at the mast before the captain. 1921[see sense 14 b]. a1936Kipling Something of Myself (1937) ii. 29 The Prefects..were all of the ‘Army Class’ up for the Sandhurst or Woolwich Preliminary. 1979A. Scholefield Point of Honour 34 She said he was up for a medal... And a few weeks later there was the announcement of the VC.
b. up for grabs: see grab n.2 1 b.
18. up in —, expert or versed, well informed or instructed, in a subject, matter, work, etc. colloq.
In frequent use from c 1860.
1838Dickens Nich. Nick. xxiii, ‘Intrigue’, and ‘Ways and Means’, you're all up in; so we shall only want one rehearsal. 1856C. M. Yonge Daisy Chain i. xxx, As to the examination..the very subjects had been chosen in which he was most up. 1885‘F. Anstey’ Tinted Venus 100, I did think Potter was better up in his work.
19. up to —.
a. (a) Able to perform, do, or undertake; fit or qualified for; capable of.
In frequent use from c 1850. For phrases involving this or one of the following senses see also slum n.1 5, snuff n.2 3 a, thing n.1 14 f, trap n.1 5.
1785J. Trusler Mod. Times I. 88 He was up almost to any villainy. 1792Paine Rights of Man ii. ii. 17 Man, naturally as he is, with all his faults about him, is not up to the character. 1801F. Leighton Let. to J. Boucher 15 May (MS.), I hope you will have no strangers with you... I am not up to that. 1820Examiner No. 659. 761/2 An old..hardy Highland Chieftain was up to no such mawkish sentiments. 1856Mrs. Carlyle Lett. (1883) II. 282, I was up to nothing but lying on the sofa all the evening. 1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 225 The fence..is barely up to the weight of six hundred bullocks..at a high degree of momentum. 1898‘H. S. Merriman’ Roden's Corner xvii. 179 To provide situations for elderly men who are no longer up to their work.
(b)1855Smedley H. Coverdale i, Two showy saddle-horses, the best being up to fifteen stone with any hounds. 1861E. Yates in Temple Bar II. 473 A cob ‘well up to fourteen stone’.
(b) Well aware of and prepared for; competent to deal with; a match for.
1785Grose Dict. Vulgar T. s.v., Up to their gossip. 1806Lady S. Lennox Lett. (1901) II. 202 To be up to all the wiles and arts used to entrap them. c1830Mrs. Sherwood Houlston Tracts III. lxxxi. 10 To use a vulgar phrase very common with us servants at that time, I was so far up to Anne Simpson, that..I would not be put upon by her. 1864H. Ainsworth John Law v. ix, Sir Patrick and I are both wide awake,..so we shall be up to their tricks. 1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 321 It takes a smart man to be up to chaps of their sort.
(c) Thoroughly acquainted with; expert or versed in; possessing a thorough knowledge of.
In frequent use from c 1840.
1800Lamb Let. to Manning 3 Nov., He does not want explanations..when you make an assertion; up to anything; down to anything. 1823Mrs. Sherwood H. Milner iii. v. 88 Sam is not up to many things about a horse. 1853Kane Grinnell Exped. xxii. (1856) 171 They are a..well-educated set of men, thoroughly up to the history of what has been done by others.
(d) Ready for. (Cf. 10 e.)
1849Thackeray Pendennis xxiv, She was up to any party of pleasure by whomsoever proposed. 1893C. M. Yonge Girl's Little Bk. 23 Boys fancy they like a jolly girl up to anything,..but they do not respect her.
b. (a) Equal in quality or quantity to (something specified); on a level with.
See also keep v. 57 i, and the phrases under dick n.5, knocker 2 c, nine n. 6 b.
1809Windham Let. in Sp. (1812) I. 114 Though I am considerably above my rate of London health, I am..not quite up to that which residence here ought to have given me. 1821–[see mark n.1 12 c]. 1826Disraeli Viv. Grey ii. xiv, The Baronet is not up to the nineteenth century. 1862Thoreau Excursions viii, Of course no flavors are thrown away; they are intended for the taste that is up to them. 1883Manch. Guard. 22 Oct. 5/5 The harvest of this year was up to a full average.
(b) not up to much, of no great ability, importance, or worth.
1863M. E. Braddon Aurora Floyd xxi, The new chap warn't up to mooch. 1884Sala Journ. due South i. ix, The shoes were not, to use a vulgarism, ‘up to much’.
(c) dial. Even with (a person). Cf. 20 b.
1853Mrs. Gaskell Cranford xiv, But I'll be up to her... I'll make her a pudding, and a pudding she'll like, too. 1854A. E. Baker Northampt. Gloss. 371 ‘I'll be up to you’; i.e. I'll retaliate.
c. Engaged in or bent on (some activity, esp. of a reprehensible nature); occupying or concerning oneself with; doing or planning.
1837Dickens Pickw. xxvii, What's the old 'un up to, now? 1853― Bleak Ho. xxxix, They are still up to it, sir,..still taking stock, still examining papers. 1875W. S. Gilbert Tom Cobb i, That Whipple's up to some bedevilment. 1890R. C. Lehmann H. Fludyer 84, I suppose you've been up to some of your games again.
d. colloq. Obligatory or incumbent upon. orig. U.S.
From the game of poker; in common use from c 1913.
1896Ade Artie ii. 11 Up to me—see! 1901S. Crane Monster, etc. 212 It's up to us to whirl in an' git some of it. 1902Greenough & Kittredge Words 56 So with the poker terms ‘ante up’ and ‘it is up to you’. 1908Westm. Gaz. 21 Feb. 4/2 It was ‘up to him’, then, as an American would put it, to say that he had done this thing.
e. In phr. to be up to (a master), to be tutored by (him). Public School colloq. (chiefly Eton College).
1874C. M. Yonge Life J. C. Patteson I. ii. 19 The lower remove of the fourth form..was then ‘up to’ the Rev. Charles Old Goodford, i.e. that was he who taught the division so called in school. 1910A. Huxley Let. 15 Feb. (1969) 33 This half we are all up to that ignorant creature Heygate. I have successfully proved his ignorance. 1927H. E. Wortham Oscar Browning vii. 99 Curzon was subsequently ‘up to him’. 1977A. J. Ayer Part of my Life ii. 36 In the official language of the school..to be in a master's division was to be up to him.
20. up with —. (See also 11 e, 12 f.)
a. On a level with (a person, place, etc.).
1623R. Jobson Golden Trade 8 When the day appeared we were up with the Iland of Launcerot. a1633–[see keep v. 57 j]. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. i. ii, We have a stearn-Chase, but we shall be up with her presently. 1858Thackeray Virgin. xxxviii, She makes for the vestry... The two whiskeyfied gentlemen are up with her, however. 1893Sir G. Chesney Lesters ii. xxi, Lionel..was the only one quite up with the hounds at the last.
fig.1785Burns To W. Simpson ix, We'll gar our streams an' burnies shine Up wi' the best. 1899Werner Capt. of Locusts 41 But I don't worry myself to keep up with things, as people say.
b. Even with; quits with. Now dial.
1741Richardson Pamela III. 308 Let me turn myself about, and I'll be up with you, never fear, Madam. 1778W. H. Marshall Minutes Agric. 3 Feb. 1775, But I will certainly be up with him to-morrow. 1800Lathom Dash of Day iv. i, I'll be up with her for her deceit, I am determined. 1825Jamieson s.v., I'se be up wi' him for that. 1899Cumberland Gloss. 351.
IV.
21. Comb. in phrases used attributively, as up-all-night, up-and-at-'em, etc. Cf. up-and-coming a.
1857Dickens Dorrit i. xx, A curious *up-all-night air about it.
1891S. Mostyn Curatica 158 Chimney tops, and *up-all-night-looking window blinds.
1909O. H. Ball Their Oxford Year 193 It was always the *up-and-at-'em aspect of things that appealed to him. 1933Dylan Thomas Let. 25 Dec. (1966) 82 You like the..‘up-&-at 'em’..shoutings of Mr. Kipling.
1848Clough Bothie ii. 59 A sort of unnatural *up-in-the-air balloon-work.
1898Westm. Gaz. 4 June 7/1 The mere *up in the roof ventilation.
1893K. A. Sanborn S. California 4 In that brilliant and *up-with-the-times city.
Senses 19–21 in Dict. become 20–22. Add: [III.] 19. up on — = up in — (see sense 18 above). colloq. (orig. U.S.).
1896Ade Artie xvi. 150 'Lias asked me to..ask Uncle Matt if he had a left-handed monkey wrench. How was I to know? I ain't up on monkey-wrenches. 1942Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §836/2 Know thoroughly, be hep, be smarted or wised up, be up on one's stuff. 1958[see clue v. 4 b]. 1978W. Hjortsberg Falling Angel (1979) xxx. 143 ‘Château Margaux forty-seven’, Cyphre said... ‘Thanks’, I said. ‘I'm not much up on wine.’ 1987New Breed Sept. 56/2 Not only must the pseudo know the background and manner of the men they impersonate, but they must be up on the latest news.
▪ VI. † up, prep.1 Obs.|ʌp|
Forms: α. 1–2 uppan, 1–3 uppon (2 huppon), 2–3 uppen, vppen (2 upen, 4 vpen). β. 3–4 vppe, 2–3, 5 uppe (4 oppe), 2–4 upe, 3–6 vpe (4 ope). γ. 3–5 vp (4 op, 5 wp), 3–5 up.
[OE. uppan, uppon (in earlier use on uppan anuppe prep.), = OFris. uppa (oppa), OS. uppan, f. upp up adv.1 Cf. OHG. ûfan, ûffan (MHG. uffen).
By gradual loss of the ending (perhaps also by simple assimilation) the prep. finally acquired the same form as the adverbs. A similar reduction (or substitution of the adverbial form) appears in Du. and WFris. op, NFris. üp (üb), LG. up, G. auf.]
I. Denoting motion or direction.
1. So as to reach, or be on, by ascension.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxvi. 30 Þa ferdon hiᵹ uppan Oliuetes dune. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1083, Sume of ðam cnihtan ferdon uppon þone uppflore. c1205Lay. 26005 Heo..stiȝen up þan hulle. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 4179 Þo he com vpe þe hul an hey. 1422Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 166 The Philosofre lepid vp the mule.
b. Denoting arrival upon (a coast, etc.) from sea.
c1205Lay. 13970 Heo droȝen heore scipen uppe þe lond. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 362 Þo he was iwar Þat such folc was ariued..vp his londe.
2. On or upon. (In various contexts.)
c960Rule St. Benet lviii. (Schröer) 100 Sona swa he þæt ᵹewrit uppan ðam altare lecge, beginne þis fers. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxi. 44 Se þe fylð uppan þysne stan, he byð tobrysed. c1175Lamb. Hom. 35 [Þe] saule..ne mei abeoren alla þa sunne þe þe mon uppon hire deð. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 21 Þe holie gast wile cumen uppen þe. c1205Lay. 6504 And þet deor he smat a-nan uppe þat hæued-bæn. Ibid. 13257 Þe crune he nom an honden; he setten heo vppe Costance. a1225Ancr. R. 286 Slep go uppe þe ase þu lokest þeron [sc. holy reading]. c1250Owl & Night. 1625 Me may vppe [v.r. up one] smale sticke Me sette a wude in þe þikke. 1297R. Glouc (Rolls) 3624 Þo þe niȝt vpe hom com. a1325Prose Psalter lii. 3 God loked fram heuen vp mennes sones. Ibid. liv. 4 Drede of deþ fel vp me. Ibid. cxviii. 135 Liȝt þi face vp þi seruant. 1340Ayenb. 210 Ssete þe dore ope þe. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xi. 203 For-þi loue we as leue bretheren shal and vche man laughe vp other. c1391Chaucer Astrol. ii. §1 Rekene..which is the day of thi monthe & ley thi reule vp that same day. 14..Cron. Eng. (Caxton) ccxxiii. 222 Thousandes fell to the ground eche vp other in to a hepe.
b. Denoting desire: After, for.
a1200Vices & Virtues 51 Alle ȝe Adames children ðe bieð lustfull uppe newe wastmes.
3. a. In hostile encounter with or attack on; in active opposition to.
a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1086, Þa hæðenan men..herᵹodan uppon þam Xpenan mannan. c1205Lay. 10563 Carrais..bigon ræuinge uppen Basian þene kinge. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 5054 Vor naȝt we abbeþ so ofte vpe hom ywonne þat lond. Ibid. 8987 Þe erl..bigan to rere worre vpe þe king of france. c1330Arth. & Merl. 6680 (Kölbing), Þe king of þe hundred kniȝtes Com hem vp þo forþ riȝtes.
b. Against (as an accusation, penalty, etc.).
a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1094. Hi..ealne þone bryce uppon þone cyng tealdon. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 51 Þermide [hie] brohten godes wraðe uppen hem. Ibid. 105 Werpeð þat gilt uppen ure drihten. a1250Owl & Night. 1683 (Cott.), Schille ich an utest uppen ow grede. c1290Beket 1466 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 148 Mo luþere dedene þe king bi-þouȝte ȝeot ope seint thomas. a1325MS. Rawl. B. 520 fol. 54 That..Bissopes ȝeuen þe grete sentense ope alle þulke þat aȝen the foreseide chartres goz. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. ii. 159 Vp man for hus mysdedes þe mercement he taxeþ.
II. Denoting rest or location.
4. On or upon. (In various contexts.)
αc1000ælfric Gen. xlix. 32 He feold his fet uppan his bed. c1000Ags. Gosp. John vi. 19 Þa ᵹesawon hiᵹ þone Hælend uppan þære sæ gan. a1175Cott. Hom. 243 Cnihtscipe is mannes lif upen eorðe. c1175Lamb. Hom. 147 Þa þe he hefde uppen his hefde þornene helm. c1205Lay. 23985 Uppen þan gras-bedde his gost he bi-læfde. a1225Ancr. R. 242 Ȝe beoð ouer þisse worldes see, uppen þe brugge of heouene. c1250Prov. ælfred 262 in O.E. Misc. 118 For he schal vppen eorþe dreori i-wurþe.
βa1175Cott. Hom. 239 Alse fele unþeawes alse [he] hade upe him and sennenn. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 93 Ðe asse þe ure helende uppe set. c1250in O.E. Misc. 164 Moni of þisse riche Þat..rideþ uppe stede and uppen [v.r. uppon] palefrai. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 6559 Vppe a chaere he sat adoun al vpe þe se sonde. c1315Shoreham ii. 176 Ase þou þoledest, lord, for me Ope caluaryes doune. 1340Ayenb. 180 Þe wedercoc þet is ope þe steple.
γa1250Owl & Night. 494 Euerich vp oþer rideþ. c1275Lay. 25758 Noht hii ne funde cwic vp þan hulle. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 6299 King edmond..lenede vp is sseld. c1300K. Horn 1344 (Laud MS.), Op þe scheld was drawe A crowch of ihesu cristes lawe. a1325Prose Psalter xlvi. 8 God shal sitten vp his holy sege. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. i. 12 Þe toure vp þe toft. Ibid. ix. 99 Lesyng of tyme..Is moste yhated vp erthe of hem þat beth in heuene. 1422Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 184 Thay mete wyth kynge Gurgnynce vp the See. 1470–85Malory Arth. ix. xli. 408 What sygnefyeth this kynge and this quene, and that knyght standynge vp bothe their hedes?
b. So as to be suspended from or supported on.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 41 Uppon þan treon he him sceawede þe wrecche saulen a-honge. c1205Lay. 26475 Alle heo sculleð heongien heȝe uppen treouwe. c1275Ibid. 5863 Of ȝoure hors a-liþteþ and vp ȝoure feot stondeþ. c1280Christ on Cross 23 in E.E.P. (1862) 21 Man bi-hold what ic for þe þolid up þe rode tre. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7734 He wolde him sulf vp is fot..Liȝtliche ssete. c1350Will. Palerne 2809 Þe hert & þe hind..ferden ferst on foure fet & seþþe vp tweyne. c1485Digby Myst. (1882) i. 273 This ferdell of gere I ley vp my bakke.
c. In transferred or figurative uses.
α, βc1200Vices & Vertues 31 Ðat liht of his ansiene is ȝemarked riht uppen us. Ibid. 71 Bereð min ȝoc uppe ȝeu. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 5032 Þo vel he in siknesse & sorwe vpen oþer. a1325MS. Rawl. B. 520 fol. 48 b, Þat he..vsurpede some fraunchises ore occupiede ope þe kinge ore his predecessours. c1340Ayenb. 54 Þo þet habbeþ þe lhordssip ope þe bodyes. 1340–70Alex. & Dind. 861 Whan a wolf wanteþ his fode,..he ne fundeþ no flech to feden him vppe.
γc1250Gen. & Ex. 2320 Vp quam ðu it findes witterlike. a1325Prose Psalter xl. 3 Our Lord be to hym helpe up þe charge of his sorowe. Ibid. xlvi. 8 God shal regne vp men. 1382Wyclif 2 Cor. xi. 21 Vp vnnobley [L. secundum ignobilitatem]. 1422Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 129 Ther-for god..granted hym mervellous victori vp his enemys.., Namly vp the morthes.
5. a. up(pe) land, = uponland adv.
c1000Ags. Letter in Engl. Stud. VIII. 62 Þu byst uppan lande mid wimmannum oftor þonne ic beo. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1086, To ælcen cyrcean uppe land. c1250Owl & Night. 733 Preostes vpe londe singeþ. c1330Arth. & Merl. 698 (Kölbing), Al þe men..Boþe vp lond & in cite. 1514Barclay Cyt. & Uplondyshman v. Prol. 44 Well he noted the madde enormyte, Enuy,..Whiche reygne in cytes; therfore he ledde his lyfe Up londe in vyllage. 1596Spenser F.Q. v. x. 25 They came vnto a Citie farre vp land.
b. On the bank or brink of; close beside.
c1205Lay. 7 He wonede..at æðelen are chirechen, vppen Seuarne staþe. Ibid. 28544 Uppe þere Tambre heo tuhte to-somne. 1340Ayenb. 251 Ope þo welle þe herte resteþ efter þe trauayl of guode workes. Ibid., He him zette and restede ope þe welle. 14..in Hist. Coll. Citizen London (Camden) 96 The kyng made a grete justysse be-syde Kyngys towne uppe Temys.
6. a. On or upon, in respect of belief, etc.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 11 Cursed be þe man þe leueð upen hwate. Ibid. 93 Þo forsineȝede þe hauen al here þonc uppen eorðliche richeise. a1240in O.E. Hom. I. 213 Þu..lettest me al iwurden wið þeo þet ich truste uppon. a1300X Commandments 23 in E.E.P. (1862) 16 Hi..þat liuiþ op goddis mo þan one. c1369Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 922 So frendely, and so wel y-grounded, Vp al resoun so wel y-founded. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 88 Up trust of absolucioun. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. x. 333 Vp trist of ȝoure tresour tryennels to haue. 1462Paston Lett. II. 114 Up trust that the same John Paston shuld founde there a college.
b. According to; in accordance or agreement with; to the extent of.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 5137 Ac vpe godes wille it is, wanne it ssal be. Ibid. 5657 He.. vpe is poer destruede..cristendom. c1300K. Horn 456 (Laud MS.), And helpe þou me to knicte Oppe þine myȝte. 1382Wyclif Matt. ix. 29 Vp ȝour feith be it don to ȝou. 1388― 2 Sam. xxii. 21 The Lord schal ȝelde to me vp my riȝtfulnesse.
c. By (chance, guess, etc.).
c1350Will. Palerne 2722 So brod was þe see þat sayle hem bihoued holliche al a niȝt & vp happe wel more. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. v. 421, I nam nouȝte shryuen..tweies in two ȝere and þanne vp gesse I schryue me. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 375 But vp hap þu art a clerke or a religious man. a1508Gest Robyn Hode 49 Wayte after some vnkuth gest Vp chaunce ye may them mete.
d. In comment on or explication of; concerning.
1340Ayenb. 187 Ase zayþ a glose ope the sautere. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xi. 113 Þre daies to-gederes we ȝeoden, Disputynge vp dowel daye after oþere. c1400Three Kings Cologne 39 After þe glose þat is made vp þis tixt. 1422Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 123 Wp whych matyer, Arystotle answerid in this maner. Ibid. 202 Vp this texte Saynte Austyn sayth thus.
7. a. On or upon (oath, condition, etc.).
a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1095, Forþam se cyng him naþer nolde ne ᵹislas syllan, ne uppon trywðan ᵹeunnon þæt he..cumon moste. a1200Vices & Virtues 11 Ic habbe..uppe mine lahfulnesse ofte him behet, þat ic næure eft him neȝelæste. 13..K. Alis. (W.) 228 ‘Dame,’ he saide, ‘beo thou nought loth, Y am y-come to telle up oth’. c1369Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 750 (Fairf.), I telle hyt the vp a condicioun. c1400Gamelyn 411 Vp suche forward..I wil do þerto alle þat in me is. 1422Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 175 The tyraunt hit grauntid vp that covnantte.
b. Upon pain or under penalty of; on.
Freq. c 1380–c 1430, esp. with pain, peril.
(a)c1205Lay. 500 Þat come to hirede,..vppen lif & uppen leomen al þes londes folc. 13..Coer de L. 3875 He..bad hys folk, up lyff and leme, Noo good off hem for to neme. c1350Will. Palerne 2378 Helpes hastily, hende men i hote, vp ȝour liues! c1425Eng. Conq. Ireland 120 He.., vp mansynge, forbed lered & lewed, that non [etc.]. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 38 A confortatife And remedye I shal make, up my life.
(b)c1205Lay. 5118 Al comen to Lundene uppe wit of feowerti punden. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 24 Þat þei ben holden to vp peyne of lesynge of here lordischipe. c1386Chaucer Sompn. T. 563 And ye shul seen, vp peril of my lyf,..That [etc.]. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. v. 128 Neiþer graue ne vngraue of gold ne of suluer, Vp forfeture of þe fee. 14..Cron. Eng. (Caxton) ccxxi. 213 That they shold smyte of syr edmondes heede..vp payne of lyf and lymme. 1474Cov. Leet Bk. 389 Vp þe peyn of vj s. viij d. at euery defalt.
8. More than; above.
a1325Prose Psalter l. 8 Y shal be made whyȝte vp snowe. Ibid. li. 3 Þou louedest malice up blisfolhede. 1340Ayenb. 39 Þer byeþ zuo uele oþre maneres.., þet long þing hit were to zigge, ac zome byeþ y-contined, ope þan þet byeþ yzed.
III. In respect of time.
9. After (a specified time). Cf. over prep. 16.
c1000Ags. Gosp. John x. 11 marg., On sunnan dæᵹ feowertyne nyht uppan eastron. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1095, Uppon Eastron on sancte Ambrosius mæsse niht, þæt is .ii. no. Apr. [etc.]. Ibid. an. 1103, On morᵹen uppon sancte Laurentius mæsse dæᵹ. c1205Lay. 6405 Þa hit wes muchel uppe non, þe king þene duc ouer-com. Ibid. 22309 Seouen niht uppen æstre. c1275Ibid. 2632 Vppen one stunde þe sipes i-maked were. c1290Beket 1123 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 138 Þene moruwe ope seint lucus day, tiwesdai it was þo [sc. 19 Oct.], he departede fram þe kingus court.
10. At; upon (a stated time).
a1200Vices & Virtues 123 Ȝif mann ware..uppen his deaðe, and he prest ne mihte habben. c1290Beket 825 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 130 Alle..seide þo þat..ope þe pointe he was to beon i-cast In prisone. c1315Shoreham v. 151 Ope þe heȝe eȝtynde day He order-ȝede þe gywen lay. c1374Chaucer Troylus iv. 1153 Here woful spirit from his propre place, Right with þe word, alwey vp poynt to pace.
▪ VII. up, prep.2|ʌp|
[Elliptical use of up adv.1, by omission of a preposition, as against, along, through, etc. Cf. the earlier use of adown and down as prepositions.]
I. Denoting or implying movement.
1. a. From a lower to a higher point on or along (an ascent); so as to ascend or mount (a stair, slope, etc.).
1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xxvii. (1555) Q iij, After that they brought me vp a stayre Into a chambre. 1530Palsgr. 828/1 Up the hyll and downe the vale. 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, iv. viii. 1 Vp Fish-streete, downe Saint Magnes corner,..throw them into Thames. 1602― Ham. iv. iii. 39 As you go vp the staires into the Lobby. 1607Markham Cavel. vi. 9 Hee may eyther runne..vp hils, or down hils. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 552 The Sun..When up the Skies he shoots his rosie Head. 1730Thomson Autumn 701 The..exhalations, check'd As up the middle sky unseen they stole. 1786Burns On Dining w. Ld. Daer i, Sae far I sprackled up the brae. 1807J. Barlow Columb. i. 190 A heaven-illumined road; That..Reach'd o'er the hills, and lengthen'd up the sky. 1828Lytton Pelham II. xviii, If your way is up Pall Mall, I have no objection to join you. 1851Offic. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 366 By which the weight on the horse's back is regulated in going up or down hill. 1867Morris Jason i. 208 Who, up the temple steps, beneath the weight Of precious things went bending.
Comb.1732E. Erskine Wks. (1791) 598/2 This phrase..implies, that religion is an up-the-hill work and way.
fig.1824Wilson in Blackw. Mag. Aug. 242 Abusing the Germans up-hill and down-dale. 1844Dickens Mart. Chuz. xxxv, All this time, Martin was cursing Mr. Pecksniff up hill and down dale.
b. Extending upwards on.
1574Southampton Court Leet Rec. (1905) i. 101 The Raylles vpe the steares goynge vpe vnto the Wache towere. 1730Thomson Autumn 679 The vineyard..Spreads o'er the vale; or up the mountain climbs. 1756Constat in L.T.R. Particulars for Leases 4974 (P.R.O.), The dimensions up one pair of Stairs are only Thirty one Feet.
c. Up into. U.S. local.
1774P. V. Fithian Jrnl. 16 July (1900) 209 She then retired up chamber. 1833[S. Smith] Lett. J. Downing xxiv. (1835) 98, I..walked straight up chamber. Ibid. 150 When they undertook to cum up-chamber,..it was time to snub 'em. 1893S. Hale Let. 22 May (1919) 282 Louise..is now carrying some new pails up garret.
d. vulgar. Of a man: having sexual intercourse with.
1937Partridge Dict. Slang 926/2 Up,..in coïtion with (a woman): low: late (? mid-) C. 19–20. 1973‘J. Patrick’ Glasgow Gang Observed xii. 108 We've aw been up her. 1977C. Watson One Man's Meat viii. 74 The younger man said to the older: ‘I'd rather be up her than up in Newcastle.’
2. Along (a river, etc.) in a direction from the mouth towards the source.
1513Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scotl. IV. 465 To ane bot [going] wp the watter with cabillis,..xiiij s. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 360 b, They brought in vitayle both vp the streame and down. 1600Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 384/1 Haldand up the said burne to the inver of the burne of Auldclachrie. 1659Nicholas Papers (Camden) IV. 95 Alexandria, from whence I went up the Riuer Nilus to Cairo. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 38 All the Factories on the Coast..as far as the Bay of Bengala, and up Huygly River. 1738Voy. up the Thames 15 It was propos'd we should take a Voyage up its Banks. 1814Scott Diary 3 Sept., in Lockhart, With the purpose of running up the loch to see Londonderry. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. ii. I. 191 The Dutch fleet sailed up the Thames. 1877A. B. Edwards (title), A Thousand Miles up the Nile.
3. a. Towards the inner or upper end of; into or towards the interior of. Also transf.
1596Spenser F.Q. v. ix. 23 His name was Awe; by whom they passing in Went vp the hall. a1700in Orpheus Caledonius (1725) 28 The wooer he step'd up the House. 1745P. Thomas Jrnl. Anson's Voy. 63 The Treasure..being sent up the Country..out of our Reach. 1818Sketches of Character (ed. 2) I. 44 Lady Aucherly..sauntered up the room with her three disconsolate nieces. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. ix. II. 482 William's army began to march up the country. 1863Mayne Reid Croquet i. (1865) 25 A ball croque'd beyond the boundaries is sent to ‘Hong Kong’, or ‘up the country’.
b. up yours, an exclamation of contemptuous rejection, often used imp. (and accompanied by an impolite gesture) [shortened f. up your arse (or a similar expression): cf. shove v.1 10 e]. coarse slang.
1956‘E. McBain’ Cop Hater ii. 18 ‘How's the graft these days?’.. ‘Up yours,’ Carella answered drily. 1969B. Malamud Pictures of Fidelman vi. 208 Fidelman blew a..green horse for Beppo..‘Up yours,’ said the glass blower. 1970A. Toffler Future Shock viii. 154 The upraised finger—the ‘up yours’ gesture—appears to be gaining greater respectability. 1975J. Symons Three Pipe Problem xviii. 208 She made a V sign at the audience, said distinctly ‘Up yours’. 1978J. Hyams Pool xi. 168 ‘Up yours, Richie Lesser,’ Freda said without malice. ‘I'm smarter than you are any day.’
4. In a direction contrary to; against.
1611Cotgr., Prendre le vent, to goe vp, or against, the wind. 1618Breton Court & Country A 4, For one that goes up the weather a number goe downe the winde. 1674N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. (1677) 77 The Huntsman [should]..then draw round apace, first down the Wind, though usually Deer go up the Wind. 1719D'Urfey Pills III. 269 The Fox has broke Covert,..she runs up the Wind. 1816Scott Bl. Dwarf ii, I gaed a mile round to get up the wind to them. 1838[see up-wind adv.].
5. Along (in a horizontal direction or straight course).
up street (dial.), along the street or village.
1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. i. ii. 20 Port, edge towards him [sc. a ship]. We will run up his Side. 1683[see go v. 66]. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 156, I went up the Shore and down the Shore, but..could see no other Impression. 1758Johnson Idler No. 92 ⁋6 He..walks up a bye⁓street. 1851Mrs. Browning Casa Guidi Wind. ii. 742 The sun strikes, through the windows, up the floor. 1883Harper's Mag. Oct. 718/1 It is approached up an avenue. 1886Froude Oceana 63 After breakfast we went up the town.
II. Denoting location.
6. a. In that part of (a place) which is (regarded as) higher than another, or is more remote from the chief centre.
1667Pepys Diary 8 Sept., Nova Scotia..hath a river 300 miles up the country, with copper mines. 1750Gray Elegy 112 Nor up the lawn, nor at the wood was he. 1795T. Wilkinson Wandering Patentee iii. 244 She turned quite round up the stage, (though not in character) as much as to say, kiss—. 1799Hull Advertiser 12 Oct. 1/1 All those five tenements up the yard. 1810Scott Lady of L. ii. xxxvi, Far up the lake, 'twere safest land. 1885Jerome On the Stage 43 Mind you all keep well up the stage (‘up’ the stage means towards the back). 1890Cent. Mag. Aug. 634/1 The man who abandoned a farm up the Hudson.
Comb.1815Scott Guy M. l, We're just plain up-the-country folk. 1897Outing XXIX. 424 Up-the-creek natives.
b. U.S. Up in (the), up at. Cf. sense 1 c.
1845S. Judd Margaret ii. ix. 344 You will find..in the bottom of my chest, up garret, five dollars and a quarter. 1862M. D. Colt Went to Kansas 274 My nephew is..teaching among the Indians up Lake Superior. 1884‘Mark Twain’ Huck. Finn xxvi. 237 Up garret was a little cubby with a pallet in it. 1923R. Frost Two Witches in New Hampshire 66 Then we asked was there anything Up attic that we'd ever want again.
c. Up at. colloq. and dial.
1960M. Spark Ballad Peckham Rye vi. 122 Collie Gould up the Elephant with young Leslie. 1967J. Burke Till Death us do Part xi. 165 ‘Where you been? That's what I want to know.’ ‘Up the pictures.’ 1975A. Drummond Thames Jrnls. Vicesimus Lush 23 Vicesimus Lush..was living in a cottage near the Hape mine—‘up the Hape’ in the local speech.
7. a. At the top of. b. At some distance up on or in. (Cf. uphill a., upstairs adv. 2.)
For fig. expressions see gum-tree 2, tree n. 7, sleeve n. 2 b, spout n. 4 b.
1645Rutherford Tryal Faith xxiii. 261 Heaven.., when sight [of faith] faileth us, [is] toylesome and up the mount. 1714Arbuthnot, etc. Mem. M. Scribl. Introd., His lodging was in a small chamber up four pair of stairs. 1833Moore Trav. Ir. Gentl. Search Relig. I. 1 As I was sitting alone in my chambers, up two pair of stairs, Trinity College. 1846Tennyson Golden Year 4 We that day had been Up Snowdon. 1860Geo. Eliot Mill on Fl. i. ii, He'll..sleep up three pair o' stairs—or four, for what I know. 1890[see sleeve n. 2 b]. |