| 释义 |
himself, pron.|hɪmˈsɛlf|
Forms: see self.
[f. him dat.-acc. pers. pron. + self. Self was orig. an adj. which could be inflected in concord with any case of the pron. For the earlier constructions see self.]
I. Emphatic use. = Very him, very he, that very man, etc. = L. ipse.
1. As emphatic dative and (later) objective.
(The OE. accusative was hine self(ne.)
c893K. ælfred Oros. v. xiii. §2 [Antonius] forlet Octauianuses swostor and him selfum onbead ᵹewin & openne feondscipe. c897― Gregory's Past. xvi. 100 He wæs on himselfum mid ðæs halᵹan gastes mæᵹene swiðe healice up⁓abroᵹden. 1535Coverdale 1 Macc. viii. 7 They toke him self alyue.
2. Standing in apposition with the nominative pronoun, or with a n. in nominative or objective.
(Originally him and self were unconnected syntactically, self being a nominative, in apposition to the subject, while him was a dative as in him 4 b; but the juxtaposition of the two words resulted in the attraction of self to him.)
c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past. xiv. 90 Ða scylde þe se him self ær nyste. c1000Gospel Nicod. xxxiv, Pilatus..hym sylf awrat ealle þa þyng. c1175Lamb. Hom. 35 He heo dude him seolf. c1200Ormin Ded. 195 He wollde ben himm sellf i waterr fullhtnedd. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 377 He was ryche hym sulf. a1300Cursor M. 173 Iesu crist him selue [v.rr. him-self, him seluen] ches til him apostels tuelue. c1300Beket 274 And of the beste him silve he at, swithe scars and lute. c1400Destr. Troy 1236 The souerayn hym seluon was surly enarmyt. 1513More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 758 Sanctified by saint Peter himselfe. a1535― Edw. V (1641) 5 A proud appetite of the duke himselfe. 1581G. Pettie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. ii. (1586) 74 They will make Heraclitus himselfe laugh at it. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iii. i. 82 A third cannot be matcht, vnlesse the diuell himselfe turne Iew. 1776Trial of Nundocomar 36/2 Did your brother write his letters himself, or you for him? 1869J. Martineau Ess. I. 50 Not Wolsey himself could find more magnificent pleas.
3. a. With the nominative pronoun omitted, and himself taking its place. arch.
(= OE. he self, he selfa.)
c1000Sec. Laws of Canute c. 30 §3 (Schmid) Nime fife and beo he [v.r. him] sylfa syxta. Ibid. §7 Nime him fif..and beo him sylf sixta. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 121 Alse him self seið. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 12 Mony was þe gode body þat hym self slou þat day. 1388Wyclif Hab. i. 13 A more iust man than hymsilf [1382 than hym]. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. (1858) I. 6 Siclike as him sell. 1619Crt. & Times Jas. I (1849) II. 120 Sir Edward Villiers told him himself was the man. 1719J. Richardson Art Critic. 188 But Himself is seen throughout most apparently. 1864Tennyson Aylmer's F. 596 The dagger which himself Gave Edith.
b. Used alone in predicate after be, become, etc., and in adverbial extensions = by himself. to be himself: to be in his normal condition of mind and body: see self.
1526Tindale John vi. 15 Therfore departed he agayne into a mountayne hym silfe a lone. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. ii. iii. 24, I am the dogge: no, the dogge is himselfe, and I am the dogge: oh, the dogge is me, and I am my selfe. 1690Locke Hum. Und. ii. xxvii. (1695) 186 When we say such an one is not himself, or is besides himself..as if..the self same Person was no longer in that Man. 1700Cibber Shaks.'s Rich. III, v. iii, Richard's himself again. a1716South (J.), For one man to see another so much himself as to sigh his griefs, and groan his pains, so sing his joys [etc.]. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. iv. iv, He will not be Thou, but must and will be Himself. 1862Lond. Rev. 50 Aug. 188 He would soon be himself again. 1866Liddon Bampt. Lect. i. §1 (1875) 5 His most startling revelation was Himself.
II. Reflexive use. = L. sibi, se; Ger. sich.
4. Dative, and objective with preposition. † himselfward, toward himself (see -ward).
c1000Ags. Gosp. Mark iii. 24 Gif his rice on him sylfum bið to-dæled. c1175Lamb. Hom. 61 Efre mid him solue to wunen. c1250Gen. & Ex. 1338 God him ðor bi him-seluen swor. c1400Apol. Loll. 60 God is al riȝtfulnes in himseluen. 1534Tindale Luke xv. 17 Then he came to him selfe and sayde [etc.]. 1549Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Rom. 34 Let no man idely liue to himselfwarde. 1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 141 Euery man for him self, and god for vs all. 1607Shakes. Cor. v. ii. 111 He that hath a will to die by himselfe, feares it not from another. 1700S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. East Ind. 10 If he designs to have it to himself again. 1795Macneill Will & Jean ii. ix, Will..Had some battles wi' himsel. 1809–10Coleridge Friend (1865) 48 Charlemagne..created for himself the means of which he availed himself. Mod. He gave himself a treat.
5. Accusative or direct object.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 75 Ne na mon nah him solue wernen henne. c1200Vices & virtues 111 Ðat he sceawede him selu. a1225Ancr. R. 56 Dauid..forȝet him suluen. a1300Cursor M. 1608 Quen he to pin him-selfen did For his choslinges on rod-tre. c1410Love Bonavent. Mirr. xxxiv. 66 (Gibbs MS.) Makynge hym selfen god. 1582N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. vii. 17 b, Perswaded the Captaine generall, not to trouble himselfe with the want of the other Pilot. 1605Lond. Prodigal i. i, The sea..borrows of all the small currents in the world to increase himself. 1635J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Banish'd Virg. 22 He could hardly..beleeve himselfe; opening therefore his eyes better. a1703Burkitt On N.T. Mark xii. 34 Every man may, yea, ought to love himself. 1864Tennyson Aylmer's F. 544 [He] bad him with good heart sustain himself.
III. 6. quasi-n.
1622Bacon Hen. VII, 89 Your King, whom he desires to make another Himselfe. 1816Keatinge Trav. (1817) I. 320 Neither did he mix with the crowd of populace: indeed he had much the appearance of being a himself, at least to the aggregation about him.
IV. From the 14th c. there has been a tendency to treat self as a n. (= person, personality), and substitute the possessive his for him. This is prevalent in the dialects, but in standard English has place only where an adj., etc. intervenes, as his own, very, good, true, self. See self. Also hisself as one word, representing a colloq. or dial. pronunciation of himself.
13..Cursor Mundi 15626 (Gött.) His hali self all suett. c1340Ibid. 1726 (Fairf.) Noe..wroȝt his-self [Cott. he self, Gött. himself] in þat labour. c1340Ibid. 3408 (Fairf.) Þat we may wiþ his-seluen wone [other texts him-self, him seluen]. 1406Hoccleve La male regle 435 Who..his owne self forgetith. 1508Fisher 7 Penit. Ps. cii. Wks. (1876) 185 Also what domage his selfe sholde endure. 1562Turner Herbal ii. 40 b, Matthiolus..erreth..much more hys selfe. 1601Holland Pliny II. 573 A Summer parlour for pleasure, that Callistus..built for his owne selfe. 1653Cloria & Narcissus I. 111 Although he were on horseback and his selfe on foot. 1826Disraeli Viv. Grey iv. i, ‘Is not that Lord Lowersdale?’ ‘His very self.’ 1832W. Stephenson Gateshead Local Poems 48 He hang'd his-sel. 1838Dickens Nich. Nick. xxxiv, Gorging his-self with vittles. a1876E. Leigh Gloss. Words Dial. Cheshire (1877) 103 ‘He is not hissell’, i.e. ‘He is out of his mind.’ 1901M. Franklin My Brilliant Career xxxii. 273 Pa is goin' to write a whole letter all by hisself. 1902Dialect Notes II. 316 He has hurt hisself mighty bad. 1938M. Richardson in B. A. Botkin Treas. S. Folklore (1949) iii. i. 443 He would chop a tree by hisself. 1945A. Kober Parm Me 146 He sits and he shuckles hisself and is oney one thing he's saying all the time—nutting! 1965T. Capote In Cold Blood (1966) iii. 166, I talked to the deputy. Then I told the warden hisself. 1969Widdowson & Halpert in Halpert & Story Christmas Mumming in Newfoundland 149 A gentleman..made hisself up with burnt cork. 1969R. Pharr in A. Chapman New Black Voices (1972) 69 If he wants something for hisself, let him get out and work for it like we do. 1972‘J. & E. Bonett’ No Time to Kill x. 133 He's earned hisself a medal. 1973Black World July 64/1 He can take care of hisself. |