| 释义 |
▪ I. puncheon1|ˈpʌnʃən|
Forms: α. 4 ponson, 5 -syon, 6 -sion; 5 Sc. pouncioun, pownsown, 7 pounceon; 4–5, 7 punson, 5 -soune, -sion, 6 -cion. β. 4 ponchong, 5 -choun, 5–6 -chon, 6–7 -chion; 5 pounchion, 5–6 -eon, 6 pownchion; 5 Sc. pwncheon, 5–6 punchon, -oun, 5–8 -chion, 6 Sc. -schion, -scheown, 6–8 -chin, 7 -tion, -ction, 6– puncheon; punchen.
[a. OF. poinçon, poinchon (13th c. in Godef.), ponçon, ponchon, poinson, mod.F. poinçon, a boring, graving, or stamping tool, an awl, punch, stamp; also, a king-post, a strut in a builder's centre, etc.; = Pr. pounchoun, Sp. punzon, Pg. punção, It. punzone, † ponzone a bodkin or any sharp-pointed thing, ‘a pounce, a pouncer, a little stamp or printer's letter’ (Florio): all masc.:—late L. or Com. Rom. *punctiōn-em, a deriv. of puncta point, or late L. *punctiāre (Sp. punzar, OSp. and Pg. punçar) to prick, punch, work with a punch. Generally held to be a distinct word from cl. L. punctiōnem fem., pricking, punction. Hence also Ger. punzen, bunzen a metal-worker's punch.]
I. Name of various pointed or piercing instruments.
†1. A short piercing weapon; a dagger.
1375Barbour Bruce i. 545 Syne in hys capitole wes he [Cæsar]..Slayne with a pu[n]soune rycht to the ded. c1400Laud Troy Bk. 9352 Some In his body bar a tronchoun, As it were put In with a ponchoun. c1420Wyntoun Chron. iv. xxv. 2339 Þai stekyt hym [Cæsar]..Withe scharpe pvnsionnys [v. rr. pownsownys, etc.]. 1558T. Phaer æneid. vii. iv, Their..puncheons close in staues they beare. 1694Motteux Rabelais v. x. 45 Poinadoes, Skenes, Penknives, Puncheons.
2. a. A pointed tool for piercing; a bodkin. b. A marble-worker's tool, ? a mason's pointed chisel. Now rare. †c. A graving tool, a burin; = pounce n.1 4 (obs.).
1367–8Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 571 In operacione iiij petr. et di. in calibem pro dictis secur., ponsones, chissels. Ibid. 574 Pro reparacione viij punsons cum calibe. 1397Priory of Finchale (Surtees) p. cxix, Instrumenta operariorum. Item ij haks et j pyk... Item ij ponchong' cum j craw. c1440Promp. Parv. 416/2 Punchoun, stimulus, punctorium. 1496Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 174, iiij pounchions of Iron & Steele. Ibid. 215, iiij pownchions. 1576Baker Jewell of Health 121 b, Bored or stricken through with many strokes of a small punchin or small nayle. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Poinson de fer, an yron bodkin or ponsion. 1596Lodge Marg. Amer. 63 He with a punchion of steele in a table of white alablaster engraved this. 1658tr. Porta's Nat. Magic iii. viii. 74 Having first loosed the pith of either of them with a wooden puncheon. 1659Torriano, Buríno, a graving-toole, a pounceon. 1660Act 12 Chas. II, c. 4 (Bk. Rates), Punsons & Gravers for Goldsmithes. 1662Evelyn Chalcogr. 4 Those who Carve with the cheezil, or work in Bosse with the Puntion, as our Statuaries do. 1714Fr. Bk. of Rates 413 Swedish Ships..loaded with Awls, Punchins and such Tools. 1873E. Spon Workshop Receipts Ser. i. 386/2 The pieces..are thickly grooved, bolstered with the puncheon.
3. An instrument for punching or stamping figures, letters, etc. on plate or other material; also, for making dies for coining and matrices for casting type; = punch n.1 3. Now rare or Obs.
1504Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scotl. II. 222 For the cunȝe irnis and the punschionis for the samyn. 1562–3Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 227 The tursell..togidder with twa punscheownis, the ane berand the saidis letteris..and the uther berand the saidis crescentis and thirsell. 1594R. Ashley tr. Loys le Roy 21 To make Characters for imprinting, it is requisite first to haue ponchions of steel, softned by the fire, on the which they graue with counter-ponchions hardned. 1604in Devon Iss. Exchequer Jas. I 352 For making and graving certain puncheons for the shaping of his Majesty's picture upon the said pieces of largess. 1670in Hart Cent. Print. Oxf. (1900) 163, I can furnish y⊇ Latin Matrices, but the Greek Punctions are not found together. 1677in A. Ryland Assay Gold & S. 41 The Company of Goldsmiths have caused to be made..punchions of steel, and marks at the end of them, both great and small, of these several sorts following. 1718J. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. i. iii. xi. 287 (Oxford, Clarendon Printing-House) An Office for the Letter-founder, furnished with Furnaces, Punchions, Matrices, Moulds [etc.]. 1780Newgate Cal. V. 346 The puncheon makes the dye, and the counter-puncheon is the dye when it is made; the machines produced are puncheons, but not puncheons made at the Mint. 1818Gentl. Mag. LXXXVIII. ii. 330 The matrix and puncheon had not made his heart callous.
II. In building and carpentry.
4. A short upright piece of timber in a wooden framing which serves to stiffen one or more long timbers or to support or transmit a load; a supporting post; a post supporting the roof in a coal-mine; formerly also a door-post.
1466in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) III. 93 With a purloyn on..the said sparres with punchions fro the bemes to bere the same. c1470Henry Wallace ix. 1140 Mynouris sone thai gert perss throw the wall, Syn pounciouns fyryt, and to the ground kest all. 1519W. Horman Vulg. 142 b, The dore felle of from the pouncheon, fores cardini exciderunt. 1617in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) I 205 The particians shall bee maide with..punchions and studds of oake. 1703T. N. City & C. Purchaser 7 Jambs, Posts, or Puncheons of Doors. 1710J. Harris Lex. Techn. II, Punchins, in Architecture, are short pieces of Timber placed to support some considerable Weight: They commonly stand upright between the Posts... Those that stand on each side of a Door are called Door Punchins. 1729Desaguliers in Phil. Trans. XXXVI. 204 The 7th Figure represents the Crane with the walking Wheel, the whole turning round upon the strong Post or Puncheon S. 1815W. Marshall Rev. IV. 132 The principal appropriation of the Underwood is to Puncheons or Supporters for the Coal-Pits. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 572 Puncheons; short transverse pieces of timber, fixed between two others for supporting them equally..sometimes called studs.
5. a. A piece of timber with one face roughly dressed, or a split trunk, used for flooring and rough building. U.S.
1804in Maryland Hist. Mag. (1909) IV. 9 Houses or cabins..are generally made of heavy timber logs covered with split timbers called ‘puncheons’ which they pin to the rafters with wooden pins. 1807P. Gass Jrnl. 61 A floor of puncheons or split plank were laid, and covered with grass and clay. 1855W. Sargent Braddock's Exp. 84 A roof of puncheons, rudely shaped with the broad-axe. 1892Review of Rev. July 22/2 The cabin was an odd little structure, whose floor was of puncheon. 1946C. Richter Fields 164 The puncheons had holes for seat legs.
b. A piece of timber used in building a railway track or a corduroy road. N. Amer.
1843W. Oliver Eight Months Illinois 236 Trees are split up into what are called puncheons, of three or four inches in thickness, which are laid down on the sleepers. 1955R. Hobson Nothing too Good xv. 165, I figure that all it will cost you is the axes, shovels, spikes for punchen, crow bars, [etc.].
III. 6. attrib. †a. Armed with a sharp point like a puncheon (sense 1), as puncheon pole, puncheon spear, puncheon staff. Obs. b. Made of puncheons (sense 5), as puncheon floor, puncheon stool, etc. (orig. U.S.).
a.a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 82 Euery one in his hande a Punchion spere, wherewith..foyned and lashed alwayes one at another, two for two. 1577Punchion staffe [see push n.1 3]. 1579–80North Plutarch (1676) 130 He did teach his Souldiers to carry long Javelins or Punchion⁓staves. 1600Holland Livy xxvii. xxviii. 650 Others from the turrets of the gate pelted the enemies with stones, and pushed at them with punchion poles [L. sudibus].
b.1754J. Innes Let. 27 Sept. in Lett. to Washington (1898) I. 48, I have erected a puntion Fort. 1784G. Washington Diary 20 Sept. (1925) II. 294 A Logged dwelling house with a punchion roof. 1843‘R. Carlton’ New Purchase xxi. 199 Adjoining the bureau was the puncheon table with its white oak legs. 1860Bartlett Dict. Amer. s.v., Split logs, with their faces a little smoothed with an axe or hatchet..laid upon sleepers, make a puncheon floor. 1891Scribner's Mag. Sept. 316/2 The rude home of the plantation darky—a home with log walls, a puncheon floor. 1894H. H. Gardener Unoff. Patriot 99 Suddenly she swung her fat body about on the puncheon stool and gave a tremendous snort. 1940W. Faulkner Hamlet ii. i. 110 The heatless lean-to room was his desert cell, the thin pallet bed on the puncheon floor the couch of stones on which he would lie. 1963R. Symons Many Trails xiv. 145 The floor was of the puncheon type—that is, poplar poles laid across stringers and smoothed with an adze, with no attempt at nailing. 1972E. Wigginton Foxfire Bk. 33 Green chestnut was split into fence rails, puncheon floors, wide planking, [etc.].
c. puncheon iron = sense 3.
1503Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scotl. II. 358 Ane hammyr, turcas, and othir punschioun irnis.
▪ II. puncheon2 Now rare exc. Hist.|ˈpʌnʃən|
Forms: 5 poncion, pwncion, 6–8 punchion, (6 ponchion, -cheon, punshion, -chon, Sc. pontioune, puncioune, -cheoun, -sion, -s(i)oun, -schioun, -tion, 6–7 punshon), 8– puncheon.
[a. OF. ponçon (13th c.), poinchon (13–14th c.), ponchon, poinçon (13–16th c.), also ponson (14th c.), poinson (14–16th c.) in Godef. The forms both in OF. and Eng. are identical with those of puncheon1; Italian also has punzone for both; but connexion of sense has not been found, and Fr. lexicographers treat them as separate words.]
A large cask for liquids, fish, etc.; spec. one of a definite capacity, varying for different liquids and commodities.
As a liquid measure it varied from 72 (beer) to 120 (whisky) gallons.
1479Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scotl. I. 134 Gevin..to John of Tyre to by a pwncion of wyne. 1503Ibid. II. 384 For the fraucht..of ane pipe and ane punschioun brocht hame with stuf for the King. 1532Ibid. VI. 156 For ane puncioune of wyne iiijl. vs. 1536Act 28 Hen. VIII, c. 14 In the Parliament holden..in the first yere of the reign of Kyng Richarde the thirde..it was establisshed that..every tercyan or poncheon [of wine should contain] lxxxiiij galons. 1546Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 53 Ane pairt of the punsionis of the saidis wynis are full of salt watter. 1554in R. G. Marsden Sel. Pleas Crt. Adm. (Selden) II. 61, xv tonne ij ponchions of wyne. 1571Digges Pantom. iii. xi. R iv, Sundrie kindes of wine vessels, as the tunne, the pipe, the punshion, hogsheads, buttes, barrels. 1572–3Reg. Privy Council Scot. II. 190 Ane punsoun of talloun. 1576–7Ibid. 603 Ane punsioun of salmond. 1593–4Exch. Rolls Scotl. XXII. 401 Tua tunnis, tua puntionis, and twa bunnis of Inglis beir. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. (S.T.S.) II. 122 Andro Bartayne..slew sa mony piratis, that mony puncheounis full of thair powis he sent to Scotland, in gifte, to the king. 1670Narborough Jrnl. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. i. (1694) 45 As much Salt..as filled a Punchion. 1706Phillips s.v., Punchion..of Prunes from 10 to 12 Hundred Weight. 1833Marryat P. Simple xxxii, She had a puncheon of otto of roses on board. |