| 释义 |
heterolysis|hɛtəˈrɒlɪsɪs|
[f. hetero- + -lysis.]
1. a. The dissolution of blood cells by a heterolysin. b. The dissolution of cells of one kind by an enzyme of cells of another kind.
1902Vaughan & Novy Cellular Toxins (ed. 4) vii. 129 Ehrlich suggests that the hemolytic action of the blood serum of one animal upon the corpuscles of another species be designated as ‘heterolysis’. 1909Allbutt & Rolleston Syst. Med. (ed. 2) VI. 783 The autolysis of bland infarcts is..due to enzymes derived from the cytoplasm..and is a much slower process than the heterolysis due to the leucocytic invasion seen in infective infarcts. 1924R. Muir Text-bk. Path. i. 14 The term autolysis has been applied to the digestive softening of tissues produced by their own organisms. Such enzymes..may be produced by other cells, especially leucocytes—heterolysis. 1962H. Hanson in A. Pirie Lens Metabolism Rel. Cataract 470 More significant for the specification of intracellular proteases are experiments on heterolysis, i.e. the action of cell proteases on proteins or peptides that are foreign to the cell.
2. Chem. The splitting of a molecule into two oppositely charged ions.
1938C. K. Ingold in Trans. Faraday Soc. XXXIV. 227, I would suggest that we may as well have two [new words] and be done with it: viz., ‘heterolysis’ and ‘homolysis’, defined as follows: A:B→A + :B (Heterolysis) [and] A:B→A. + .B (Homolysis). Here the dots represent electrons. 1946Nature 28 Sept. 448/2 A slow heterolysis of nitric acid cannot depend only on proton transfers. 1965Phillips & Williams Inorg. Chem. I. x. 344 Due to the high energy of production of A+A-, heterolysis..of homonuclear species is not very probable, except in the presence of catalysts.
So heteroˈlytic a., characterized by or of the nature of heterolysis (in either sense).
1909Chem. Abstr. III. 1766 Cancer tissue itself possesses no heterolytic properties. 1919J. Ewing Neoplastic Dis. iii. 67 A heterolytic action of tumor ferments has been actively claimed. 1941Trans. Faraday Soc. XXXVII. 604 It is necessary to distinguish between two main types of bond-fission, viz., symmetric or homolytic fission and dissymmetric or heterolytic fission, defined as follows (the dots representing electrons): R./.X (homolytic fission) [and] R/..X (heterolytic fission). Ibid. 608 The heterolytic substitutions under discussion are characterised by important electrical transferences in the reactant species. 1964N. G. Clarke Mod. Org. Chem. xxv. 514 This process is called heterolysis, and reactions involving it are termed heterolytic reactions. |