| 释义 |
† qued, quede, a. and n. Obs.
Forms: 3 cwead, 3–4 quead, 4 kuead; 3 cwed, 3–5 qued, quede, 4 kued, quet, 4–6 queed, (5 qw-), 5 queyd, quethe, qweþe; 3–4 (6 Sc.) quad, 4 (6 Sc.) 7 quade, 6 Sc. quaid.
[Early ME. cwead, cwed, cwad = OFris. quad (mod.Fris. quaad, quae'), MDu. quaet, quaed- (Du. kwaad), MLG. quât, quâd-, of uncertain origin. OHG. quât (MHG. quât, kât, kôt, G. kot, koth), filth, is usually regarded as a subst. use of the same adj., but the vowel of the corresp. OE. cwéad presents difficulties.]
A. adj. Evil, wicked, bad.
c1205–25[implied in quedship]. c1250Gen. & Ex. 536 Wapmen bigunnen quad mester. a1300Vox & Wolf 200 in Hazl. E.P.P. (1864) I. 64 Ich habbe ben qued al mi lif-daie. c1330Arth. & Merl. 1498 (Kölbing) Þat oþer dragoun..clowes he hadde qued. 1340Ayenb. 17 Þe uerste is kuead, þo oþer worse, þe þridde alþerworst. c1386Chaucer Prioress' Prol. 4 God yeue this monk a thousand last quade yeer. c1420Liber Cocorum (1862) 37 Þou take gode ale, þat is not quede. 1501Douglas Pal. Hon. i. lxii, This inordinate court, and proces quaid [rime braid, laid] I will obiect. 1560Rolland Crt. Venus ii. 161 The quader was his weird. Ibid. 333 Quad knaif, thow was ouir negligent. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. i. ii. 18 ‘How Wind you?’ ‘East’. A bad quade Wind.
b. Hostile, inimical to. rare.
a1300Cursor M. 8535 (Gött.) Þe cyte of cartage, þat to Rome was euer quede. 1418–20Siege Rouen in Archæologia XXI. 65 Owre men gaff ham sum off here brede, Thow thay to us ware now so quede.
B. n.
1. A bad or wicked person.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 295 Ðowgte ðis quead, ‘hu ma it ben [etc.]’. Ibid. 4063 Balaam, ðat ille quad [rime dead]. c1300Prov. Hending xxvi. in Kemble Salomon & Sat. (1848) 277 Ant himself is þe meste qued Þat may breke eny bred. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8596 Kyng of Amalek was that qued, A ful fers kyng. a1400Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. (E.E.T.S.) 589/440 Kep, and saue þi gode los, And beo I-holden no qued. c1460Towneley Myst. ix. 117, I am fulle bowne To spyr and spy..After that wykkyd queyd.
b. spec. The evil one; the Devil.
c1250Death 246 in O.E. Misc. 182 Ne mai no tunge telle hu lodlich is þe cwed. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 6429 Hii bitoke þe qued hor soule, þe kunde eirs to bitraye. c1325Chron. Eng. 210 in Ritson, Tho thes maister was ded, Anon he wende to the qued. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xiv. 189 He shulde take the acquitance..and to the qued schewe it. c1450Lonelich Grail xxxvii. 634 He [Jesus] travailled..Man-kynde to byen from the qwed.
2. Evil, mischief, harm.
a1225Ancr. R. 72 Moni mon weneð to don wel þ̶ he deð alto cweade. a1300Vox & Wolf 210 in Hazl. E.P.P. (1864) I. 65 Forȝef hit me, Ich habbe ofte sehid qued bi the. c1330Arth. & Merl. 5508 (Kölbing) Com we nouȝt hider for þi qued..ac for þi gode. 1340Ayenb. 28 Þe kueades of oþren he hise moreþ and arereþ be his miȝte. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 417 At Penbrook in a stede Fendes dooþ ofte quede. a1529Skelton Epithaphe 4 This knaues be deade, Full of myschiefe and queed.
Hence † quedful a., full of evil or wickedness; quedhead [= OFris. quadhed, Du. kwaadheid] = quedship; quedly adv. [= OFris. qua(de)like], wickedly; quedness, quedship, evil, wickedness.
1340Ayenb. 6 Þaȝles þe wone is *kueaduol and may wel wende to zenne dyadliche. 1340–70Alex. & Dind. 541 To quem quedfulle godeis þat quenchen your blisse.
c1315Shoreham 151 O justyse..[that] dampneth theves for to ordeyne Peys in londe..Ne for *queadhevede. 1340Ayenb. 101 Þet þou hatye zenne and uoulhedes and kueadhedes.
c1300E.E. Psalter xvii. 22 (Harl. MS.), I ȝhemed waies of Laverd wel, Ne *quedlic bare I fra mi God na del. 1340Ayenb. 2 Naȝt kueadliche ake liȝtliche and wyþoute sklaundre.
c1300E.E. Psalter x. 6 Þat loues *quednes, his saule hates he. 1340Ayenb. 40 Ofte lyese þe guode playntes be hare kueadnesse.
c1205Lay. 5067 Ne sculde na cniht..on his cuhðe *quedschipe wurchen. c1220Bestiary 387 Fox is hire to name for hire queðsipe. a1225Ancr. R. 422 Al Sodomes cweadschipe com of idelnesse & of ful wombe. |