| 释义 |
▪ I. hardy, a.|ˈhɑːdɪ|
Also 3–4 herdi, -y, (4 ardi).
[a. F. hardi, nom. sing. hardiz (11th c. in Hatz.-Darm.) = Pr. ardit, It. ardito, pa. pple. of OF. hardir, Pr. ardir, It. ardire to harden, make hard, bold, etc., a. WGer. *hardjan, Goth. hardjan, OHG. hartjan to make hard, f. hard hard a.]
1. Bold, courageous, daring.
a. Of persons, their manner, etc.
a1225Leg. Kath. 1745 Porphire and Auguste wurðen..se swiðe wilcweme, and se hardi. c1275Lay. 4181 Six hundred cniþtes of alle þe kenneste and of þan hardieste. a1300Cursor M. 15503 We er herdi [v.rr. hardi, hardy] men i-nou agains iudas vr fa. 13..Guy Warw. (A.) 1136 Gode kniȝt and ardi in fiȝt. c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 343 Petre was..hardi in axing. c1420Avow. Arth. xvii, The hed of that hardy, He sette on a stake. 1568Grafton Chron. III. 94 A good Knight and hardie of his handes. 1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1343/1 Philip duke of Burgognie, surnamed the hardie. 1625–6Purchas Pilgrims II. 1043 No man is so hardy as to ride on horse-back by a church. 1765H. Walpole Otranto i. (1798) 25 Art thou so hardy, as to dare my vengeance? 1827Hallam Const. Hist. (1876) I. iv. 185 In this treatise such a hardy spirit of innovation was displayed..that [etc.]. 1885Manch. Exam. 13 June 5/2 No one..would be hardy enough to take up the reins after he had thrown them down.
b. Of actions, qualities, etc.
a1225Ancr. R. 248 Herdi bileaue bringeð þene deouel a vlihte. c1340Cursor M. 7659 (Fairf.) Þis batal was hardy I-nogh. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. i. 20 note, A hardie enterprise of certaine knights. 1685Evelyn Mem. (1857) II. 253 He..has served the Court interest on all the hardiest occasions. 1783Johnson Let. to J. Fowke 19 Apr., Silenced by a hardy denial of facts. 1884E. Reclus in Contemp. Rev. May 633 A hardy stroke on the Stock Exchange.
2. opprobriously. Presumptuously bold, audacious; rashly bold, showing temerity. Cf. foolhardy.
a1225Ancr. R. 56 Þu, a wrecche sunful mon, ert so swuðe herdi to kesten kang eien upon ȝunge wummen. a1340Hampole Psalter ix. 42 Þat na man be hardy him to heghe abouen þe stabilnes of haly men. c1450Merlin 37 Thei sholde not be so hardy be-fore me to make yow no lesynge. 1483Cath. Angl. 175/1 Hardy..temerarius, qui sine consilio agit. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xxii. 474 Yf Reynawd were soo hardy to doo ony harme vnto richarde of normandy, I sholde hange hym wyth myn owen handes. 1699Bentley Phal. 503 What shall we say now to such a hardy Writer, as this is? 1890Sat. Rev. 1 Feb. 150/1 A warning to others not henceforward to be so hardy.
†3. Strong, enduring, tough. Obs.
c1381Chaucer Parl. Foules 176 The byldere ok & ek the hardy [v.r. harde] assh.
4. a. Capable of enduring fatigue, hardship, rigour of the weather, etc.; physically robust, vigorous.
1548Hall Chron., Hen. VI, 150 A tall and a hardye personage. 1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa ii. 32 How strong and hardie I was, and how I could endure the cold and tempestuous season. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 920 [Art] Thou then they Less hardie to endure? 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) V. 183 When once grown up, turkies are very hardy birds. 1783Polite Trav. 105 Northward of the bay, even the hardy pine is seen no longer. 1853J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. (1873) II. i. ii. 93 The hardy mountaineers of the Caucasus.
b. Hort. Able to grow in the open air throughout the year. half hardy, able to do this except in winter, when shelter is required. hardy annual, an annual plant that may be sown in the open ground, or that ripens its seed and sows itself year after year. Also fig., a subject that comes up year after year in Parliament, or in the newspapers. hardy perennial, a herbaceous plant with a perennial rootstock; also fig.
1664Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense in Sylva 59 Auriculas..need not be hous'd; it is a hardy Plant. 1783T. Blaikie Diary of Scotch Gardener (1931) 187 A little way from St Germains..ther is a Curious Gentelman one Mr. Trochereau who has a curious collection of hardy exotick plants. 1813[see borecole]. 1831Athenæum 5 Nov. 718 This, truly, is ‘a hardy Annual’! 1852Half-hardy [see harden v. 7]. 1852R. Buist Amer. Flower-Garden Directory (ed. 5) 29 Hardy Annuals..are possessed of much beauty of hue. 1870Lowell Study Wind., Chaucer (1886) 216 It may well be doubted whether Roman literature, always a half-hardy exotic, could ripen the seeds of living reproduction. 1871S. Hibberd Amateur's Flower Gard. 188 Many of the hardy annuals are weedy and short-lived. 1892Pall Mall G. 16 Aug. 4/2 (Farmer) Readers..are once more filling the columns of that journal with ‘Is Marriage a Failure?’ The hardy annual is called ‘English Wives’ this time. 1900J. M. Abbott in W. D. Drury Bk. Gardening viii. 260 Hardy herbaceous perennials are a very popular set of plants. 1916‘Taffrail’ Pincher Martin xiv. 248 The subjects most often brought under discussion, however—the hardy perennials, so to speak—were: [etc.]. 1944A. Huxley Let. 9 Apr. (1969) 502, I am very glad to hear the good news of The Art of Seeing. The book has all the appearance of a hardy perennial. 1967C. O. Skinner Madame Sarah vii. 132 Thousands of playgoers travelled thousands of miles to sob over Marguerite Gauthier's departure from life..in that hardy perennial whose actual title is La Dame aux Camélias. 1967C. Lloyd Hardy Perennials i. 9 The hardy perennial possesses every virtue that you could require of a plant, except for a permanently visible structure.
c. Of actions, qualities, etc.
1601Chester Love's Mart., K. Arthur liii, The Saxons men of hardie strength. 1674tr. Scheffer's Lapland 124 The Laplanders lead a miserable and hardy kind of life. 1845Ford Hand-bk. Spain i. 53 The horses of Navarre..are still esteemed for their hardy strength.
5. Comb., as hardy-limbed, hardy-mannered, hardy-witted, etc.
1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. ii. ii. Babylon 650 Ronsard..hardy-witted, handleth happily All sorts of subject, stile, and Poesie. 1825Moore Mem. (1853) IV. 339 The sexton, a shrewd, hardy-mannered fellow.
▪ II. ˈhardy, n.
Also hardie.
[prob. f. hard, or hardy a.]
The vertical bar or blade of hard iron with a sharp edge, on which nailmakers cut or strike off the shaped nail from the iron rod; also, a movable piece, called also ‘fuller’, fitting into a socket in an anvil, used for similar purposes by blacksmiths.
1870Gd. Words Apr. 247 My bore and hardy must be done, Or I cannot make good nails. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Hardy..A chisel or fuller having a square shank for insertion into a square hole in an anvil called a hardy-hole. 1894Amer. Ann. Deaf June 150 [Blacksmith's tools] a poker, a rake, a shovel, a sprinkler, a hardy. 1957R. Lister Decorative Wrought Iron-Work ii. 13 The square hole through the heel is called a hardie hole. Ibid. 228 Hardie, a small chisel, used in the anvil. 1964[see hot set s.v. hot a. 12 c]. 1965A. F. Shirley Metalwork Techniques vi. 84 Metal..should be heated where it is to be cut and this part placed on the hardie and hammered to form a vee cut.
▪ III. † ˈhardy, v. Obs.
[f. hardy a.]
1. trans. To make hardy or bold; to encourage.
a1225Leg. Kath. 2163 Hardi min heorte. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 218 Lucye, to hardy ys men, prykede her and þer. c1350Will. Palerne 1156 Forto hardien þe hertes of here heiȝh burnes. c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode i. lxxi. (1869) 41 Al gates j hardied me and went wel nyh to hire.
2. intr. To become bold. nonce-use.
1823Lamb Elia Ser. ii. Old Margate Hoy, Still hardying more and more in his triumphs over our simplicity. |