| 释义 |
diazonium Chem.|daɪəˈzəʊnɪəm|
[a. G. diazonium (A. Hantzsch 1895, in Ber. d. Deut. Chem. Ges. XXVIII. 1735), f. diazo- + -onium.]
A formative used in chemical nomenclature to denote the ion {b1}N + / 2 attached to a carbon atom in an organic compound (usu. an aromatic one, as benzenediazonium chloride, C6H5N + / 2 Cl-). Hence used attrib., as diazonium compound, any of the compounds containing this group, some of which are commercially important, being prepared by diazotization and used in the manufacture of azo dyes and in chemical synthesis.
1895Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXVIII. i. 516 (title) Diazonium Compounds and Normal Diazo-compounds. Ibid., The salts of diazobenzene with oxy-acids..contain the radicle N{vddd}NPh, which is strictly analogous to ammonium, behaving in all respects as a compound alkali-metal, and may therefore be termed ‘diazonium’. Ibid. 517 Benzenediazonium mercurochloride, PhN2·HgCl3. 1908[see diazo-]. 1938G. H. Richter Textbk. Org. Chem. xxiv. 509 For most purposes the diazonium salts are not isolated; the solution is employed for whatever purpose is required... The pure dry diazonium salts are quite explosive. 1964N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xxii. 460 On adding a diazonium salt solution to a solution of a phenol in aqueous sodium hydroxide, an azo-compound is formed... Compounds of this type are highly coloured, and are used as dyes. 1965Economist 22 May 942/3 Ultra-violet light shone on the original, passes through the plain bits and decomposes a diazonium compound coating on the copy paper beneath. |