| 释义 |
udal|ˈjuːdəl|
Forms: α. 6 outhale, 6–7 outhell, owthell, 7 owthall; 6 uthall, -ail, 6–7 -ale, 7 -el. β. 6–7 owdaill, 6– udal, 7 udail, udell, uddal, utal.
[Orkney and Shetland form of Norw. odal, odel, ON. óðal odal.]
1. attrib.
a. udal land or udal lands, land(s) in Orkney or Shetland held by the old native form of freehold tenure.
α1502in Peterkin Rentals Orkney (1820) i. 6 Tankarnes xij d terre uthall land. 1576in Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. (1890) 479/2 The said James outhale landis of Gartht, lyand within the parochin of Stronnes, Menland of Orknay. 1592Ibid. (1892) 118/1 The haill skatt of the uthail land within the said yle baith butter and wadmell. 1609Ibid. 129/1 Et omnium lie owthall-landis in dicto rentali content.
β1576Reg. Privy Council Scot. II. 488 Being heretour of the udall land of the Yle of Gairsay in Orknay. 1633Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 757/1, 11/4 den. ex antiquo lie kingisland et ½ den. lie utalandis nuncupat. Ibid. 757/2, 24 den. kingisland et udailland in dicta villa. 1649Ibid. 769/2 Towmale of uddalland vocat. Skegebuster. 1664in Gifford Descr. Zetland (1886) 65 The lands called Udell-lands lying within the said earldom. 1707Ibid. 68 Sundry isles,..udell-lands, and other lands. 1795Statist. Acc. Scot. XV. 393 Some of the udal lands pay a small proportion of yearly rent to the King, and to the kirk. 1805G. Barry Hist. Orkney Isl. ii. v. 219 These udal or allodial lands are directly opposed to fees or feus. 1884Scotsman 26 July 3/1 Two Merks and One-Half Merk Udal Land.
†b. Placed after the n. (sometimes in contrast to ‘royal’). Obs.
1584Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 264/1 Cum..scattis terrarum regalium et outhell de Southerbie..et owthell de Noltland. Ibid., Cum scattis..terrarum regalium et owdaill de Sandweik. 1602in A. Peterkin Notes Orkney & Zetl. (1822) App. 40 The richt and tytil of 6 mark land uthel, lyand in the town of Gruting. 1627in Peterkin Rentals Orkney (1820) iii. 45 Lynais is ane d. land outhell.
c. With other ns., as men, right, tenure, etc.
c1500in A. Peterkin Orkney & Zetl. (1822) 88 The uthale men. 1587in Edinb. Antiq. Mag. (1849) 60 He hes Reft and spulzeit diuerss of the uthallmen and heretors..of Orknay and Zetland of yair proper heritaige. 1669in Peterkin Orkney & Zetl. (1822) 190 That their udal right may be sustained valid in all tyme coming. a1688J. Wallace Descr. Orkney (1693) 94 Udall-lands, such as are possessed by the Udall-right, a possession the natives have successively without either Charter or Seasin. 1750in Hibbert Descr. Shetl. Isl. (1822) 192 The udalmen were likewise called Rothmen or Roythmen; that is, self-holders. 1765–8Erskine Inst. Law Scot. ii. iii. §18 The udal right of the stewartry of Orkney and Zetland is of the same nature. 1793Statist. Acc. Scot. VII. 239 There are three kinds of tenure of lands in Scotland... Thirdly, the Udal, being a right compleat without writing. 1805G. Barry Hist. Orkney Isl. ii. v. 219 The laws by which this udal property was inherited, sold, redeemed, or transmitted from one person to another. 1814Scott Diary 4 August in Lockhart, The Udal proprietors have ceased to exist, yet proper feudal tenures seem ill understood. 1821― Pirate xix, The wide Udal possessions of their father..were divided betwixt the brothers. 1909J. Gunn Orkney Bk. 110 In Scotland land was held according to the feudal system, in Orkney according to the udal system.
2. The form of freehold tenure characteristic of Orkney and Shetland; land held in this way.
1588Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 547/1 To be haldin..off our soverane lord..in fie, heretage, frie uthall and blensche for evir. 1750in Hibbert Descr. Shetl. Isl. (1822) 192 Their udals, at this day, are not transmitted like other lands, but with the..compleat propriety and demesne of the subject. |