| 释义 |
typhoon|taɪˈfuːn|
Forms: α. 6 touffon, 7 tuffon, -one, -in, tufon, -faon, tufan, 8 typhawn, 9 tuphan, toofan, touffan, tūfān. β. 7–9 tuffoon, 8–9 tiffoon. γ. 8 tay-fun, 9 ty-foong, tifoon, tyfoon, typhoon.
[Two different Oriental words are included here: (1) the α-forms (like Pg. tufão, † tufõe) are a. Urdū (Persian and Arabic) ṭūfān a violent storm of wind and rain, a tempest, hurricane, tornado, commonly referred to Arab. ṭāfa, to turn round (nouns of action ṭauf, ṭawafān), but possibly an adoption of Gr. τῡϕῶν typhon2; (2) the β- and γ- forms represent Chinese tai fung, common dialect forms (as in Cantonese) of ta big, and fêng wind (hence also G. teifun). The spelling of the β-forms has apparently been influenced by that of the earlier-known Indian word, while that now current is due to association with typhon2.]
a. A violent storm or tempest occurring in India († occas. with reference to other localities);
b. A violent cyclonic storm or hurricane occurring in the China seas and adjacent regions, chiefly during the period from July to October.
α1588T. Hickock tr. Frederick's Voy. 34 b, I went a boord of the Shippe of Bengala, at which time it was the yeere of Touffon. Ibid. 35 This Touffon or cruell storme endured three dayes and three nightes. 1614Purchas Pilgrimage iv. xix. 448 The winde, which they call Tufan is so violent, that it driueth ships on the land, ouerthroweth men and houses. 1616R. Cocks Diary (Hakl. Soc.) I. 163 Over⁓cast wether, with a stiff gale wynd..towardes night proved a tuffon. 1625Purchas Pilgrims I. i. vi. 20 Tempests, Huricanos, Tufons, Water-spouts. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 11 It may also be remembred, that during this late tuffon, lightning was seen to fall and hang like fire. 1674J. Josselyn Two Voyages to N.-E. 54 In the West-Indies in August and September the forcible North-wind, which though some call Tuffins or Hurricanes we must distinguish. 1793W. Hodges Trav. India 132 The country people call them aundees, and typhawns. 1811Mrs. Sherwood in Life xxiii. (1847) 382 During a most tremendous touffan. 1826Hockley Pandurang Hari I. iv. 48, I..inquired how this toofan or storm had arisen. 1850F. Parks Wand. Pilgr. xliii. II. 53 The whirling clouds of the tūfān. 1885Lewin Fly on Wheel ii. 61 We ought to make ready for the coming ‘tuphan’ or tempest.
β1699W. Dampier Voy. (1729) II. i. 35 The violent Storms called Tuffoons (Typhones). 1727A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. II. xxxix. 89 September, they reacht the Coast of China, where meeting with a Tuffoon, or a North-east Storm, that often blows violently about that Season, they were forced to bear away. 1745P. Thomas Voy. S. Seas 274 Those dreadful Gusts of Wind called here [near Canton] by the Name of Tuffoons, of which the Chinese relate very amazing and incredible Effects. 1773Chron. in Ann. Reg. 202/1 We had another tiffoon in August, when all the European ships at Wampoo drove with three anchors a-head. 1802Capt. Elmore in Naval Chron. VIII. 381 In the event of a tuffoon coming on. 1831E. J. Trelawny Adv. Younger Son I. 281, I should as soon have thought of anchoring on the sand-heads in a tiffoon.
γ1771J. R. Forster tr. Osbeck's Voy. I. 169 Exceeding great storms (called Tay-fun by the Chinese). 1806Naval Chron. XV. 465 A Danish..ship..encountered a Ty-foong. 1819Shelley Prometh. Unb. ii. iv. 170 My coursers..out⁓strip the Typhoon [rime moon]. 1832Lyell Princ. Geol. II. 98 Captain W. H. Smyth informs me, that when cruizing..amidst the Philippine Islands, he has..seen, after those dreadful hurricanes called typhoons, floating islands of wood, with trees growing upon them. 1848S. W. Williams Middle Kingd. I. ii. 49 The increased temperature on the southern coast during..June and July operates..to produce violent storms along the seaboard, called tyfoons, from the Chinese ta-fung, or ‘great wind’. 1900Jrnl. Sch. Geog. (U.S.) June 224 The typhoon of the western Pacific Ocean is in many respects the counterpart of the West Indian hurricane.
fig.1851J. Milne Poems 295 Thoughts have their Typhoons. 1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 807 Its [the heart's] workings..lie..in the track of emotional gales and typhoons.
c. attrib. and Comb.
1880I. L. Bird Japan II. 124 It was what they call a ‘typhoon rain’, without the typhoon. 1901Hall & Osborne Sunshine & Surf ii. 17 Our track was well out of the typhoon district. 1907Manila Cablenews 21 Aug. 8/5 The building is of concrete, earthquake- and typhoon-proof.
Hence typhoon v. trans. (nonce-word), to batter with the force of a typhoon; tyˈphoonish a., resembling or portending a typhoon.
1880Clark Russell Sailor's Sweetheart vi, That was a bright flash! Gad! That looked typhoonish! 1893K. T. Webber in Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch 22 Nov., The weather..had been very ‘typhoonish’. 1953Dylan Thomas Under Milk Wood (1954) 50 But with blue hazy eyes the fishermen gaze at that milkmaid whispering water with no ruck or ripple as though it blew great guns and serpents and typhooned the town. |