| 释义 |
▪ I. candidate, n.|ˈkændɪˌdeɪt|
[ad. L. candidāt-us adj., clothed in white, n. a candidate (because candidates for office wore a white toga), f. candidus white: see candid. Cf. mod.F. candidat (16th c. in Littré).]
1. One who seeks or aspires to be elected or appointed to an office, privilege, or position of honour, or who is put forward or selected by others as an aspirant; e.g. one who seeks a seat in the House of Commons, or other representative body. Const. for; formerly sometimes of.
1613R. C. Table Alph. (ed. 3) Candidate, a suiter for, or one elect for a place. 1685Lett. in Academy (1876) 21 Oct. 408/2 Yesterday the newes came of the Lord Chamberlain's death..There are severall candidates for the place. 1704Nelson Fest. & Fasts xiii. (1739) 158 Candidates for Holy Orders. 1741Middleton Cicero I. ii. 150 A white Gown, the proper habit of all Candidates. 1818in Parl. Deb. 1068 A court of law decided, that a man was not a candidate, who had not offered his services to the electors. 1844Stanley Arnold's Life & Corr. I. ii. 54 The head-mastership of Rugby became vacant..[Dr. Arnold] finally resolved to offer himself as a candidate. 1866Geo. Eliot F. Holt (1868) 14 Offering himself as candidate for North Loamshire.
in apposition.1713Swift On Himself Wks. 1755 IV. i. 12 Caress'd by candidate divines. 1845Stocqueler Handbk. Brit. India (1854) 153 A numerous supplementary class of candidate pupils.
b. Formerly the word had a spec. use in the Universities (cf. licentiate), but this is now merged in the general sense.
1691Wood Ath. Oxon. (R.) He published certain books against B. Jewell, being then a candidate of the Fac. of Theology. 1706Phillips, [after explaining the Ancient Roman sense, adds] the Word is still in use in the Universities. 1804Med. Jrnl. xii. 287 His name as a Candidate for a Degree shall be entered in the minutes of Senate, and a day fixed when the Candidate shall read his Commentaries on the Aphorism and Case. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) II. 339 The candidate for honours may seek to attain them in classical literature..or in mathematics.
2. fig. and transf.
a. Sometimes simply = Aspirant, seeker for; sometimes with tacit allusion to the white dress of the Roman candidati, or the position of a Christian catechumen.
1647Crashaw Poems 149 Ye holy doves!..bright Candidates of blissful light, The heirs elect of love. 1673Cave Prim. Chr. iii. ii. 275 They laid up the body as a candidate and expectant of a joyful and happy resurrection. a1700Dryden (J.) While yet a young probationer, And candidate of heav'n. 1750Johnson Rambl. No. 21 ⁋6 A candidate for literary fame. a1847R. Hamilton Rew. & Punishm. iii. (1853) 145 The Christian is a candidate for the approval of his Judge. 1873F. Hall Mod English 105 Thousands of words and uses of words, on their first appearance, or revival, as candidates for vernacularization.
b. One who is thought likely or worthy to gain a post, a position of honour, etc.
1766Goldsm. Vic. W. xxxi, If ever there was a candidate for Tyburn, this is one. 1781Gibbon Decl. & Fall III. 260 Strength and majesty..marked him, in the popular opinion, as a candidate worthy of the throne.
†3. Hist. One of the cohors candidatorum (so called from their white dress) who served as the body-guard of the Roman Emperors after the time of the Gordians, a.d. 237.
1656Blount Glossogr., Candidats..also gallent yong Gentlemen or Knights about the Emperors person. 1727–51Chambers Cycl. s.v., It was the younger Gordian who instituted the Candidati.
▪ II. † ˈcandidate, a. Obs. rare.
[ad. L. candidātus: see prec.]
Clothed in white. (poetic.)
1616B. Holyday Persius 329 He..Whom candidate chaulky ambition Draws gaping to her lure? 1648Herrick Hesper., Cloud, Seest thou that cloud that rides in state, Part ruby⁓like, part candidate?
▪ III. † ˈcandidate, v.1 Obs. rare.
[f. L. candidāt- ppl. stem of candidā-re to make white, f. candidus white: see candid and -ate3.]
trans. To make white, or as a candidate; to whitewash (fig.).
1628Feltham Resolves ii. 57 (T.) To purify and cleanse us, that we may be the better candidated for the court of Heaven. 1677Gilpin Dæmonol. (1867) 437 This is his usual note to candidate iniquity.
▪ IV. ˈcandidate, v.2 U.S. colloq.
[f. the n.]
To stand as a candidate. ˈcandidating vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1884Century Mag. June 308/1 Let him put the question to some [choir-singers] who every spring have to candidate for a situation. 1885Chicago Advance Aug. 538 To look upon the parish instead of himself as the candidating party. Ibid. 554 He holds candidating..to be absurd, delusive and sacrilegious. 1887N. L. Walker Rel. Life Scot. 264 The ‘candidating’ which..has given greater liveliness to preaching. 1909Springfield Weekly Republ. 2 Sept. 14 Mr. Seccombe candidated in the Goschen church last spring. |