| 释义 |
turbot|ˈtɜːbət|
Forms: 3–8 turbut, 4–5 -bote, 4–7 -butt, 5 -bott, 6 -butte, 6–7 -bat, 7 Sc. -batt, 6–8 -bet, 7, 9 -bit, 4– turbot.
[a. OF. tourbout (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), torbout, AF. turbut, MDu. turbot, terbot, tarbot; of uncertain origin; perh. a deriv. of L. turbo spinning top (also in med.L. ‘turbot’), referring to its shape; but the termination of the F. word is unexplained.]
1. A large flat fish (Rhombus maximus or Psetta maxima), having a wide scaleless body covered with conical bony tubercles, with the eyes normally on the left side, found on the European coasts and much esteemed as food.
c1300Havelok 754 He tok þe sturgiun, and þe qual, And þe turbut, and lax with-al. 1307–8Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 4 In j turbote, iiij s. ij d. 1377Ibid. 46 In j Turbutt et j leyng emp. in villa, xs. vj d. 14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 704/36 (Nomina piscium) Hic turbo, -[i]nis, a turbott. c1450Two Cookery-bks. 112 Nym luys, turbot, and elys & gobete hem in mosselys. 1502–3Rec. St. Mary at Hill 248 Payd for di. a turbutt xx d. 1570Levins Manip. 93/24 A Turbet, fish, rhombus, i. Ibid. 195/28 Turbutte, fish, chalchis, rhombus, i. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 41 Turbat, ffluik, and plase fluik. 1655Moufet & Bennet Health's Improv. (1746) 266 Turbots..were in old time counted so good and delicate, that this Proverb grew upon them, Nihil ad Rhombum; that is to say, What is all this in comparison of a Turbot. 1728Young Love Fame iii. 74 The salmon is refus'd, the turbot bought. 1771Smollett Humph. Cl. 5 June, My uncle..asked him to dinner, and treated him with a fine turbot. 1836Yarrell Brit. Fishes II. 238 Reversed Turbots..that is, Turbots having the eyes and dark colour on the right side instead of the left, are also occasionally brought to market. 1870Yeats Nat. Hist. Comm. 324 The English markets..are supplied chiefly with Dutch turbot.
2. Applied to other fish more or less resembling the turbot.
a. In north of Eng. and parts of Scotland, the halibut. b. In U.S., any of various large flat fishes, as the diamond flounder of California (Hypopsetta guttulata), or the spotted flounder of the Pacific coast (Bothus maculatus). c. In New Zealand, Ammotretis guntheri, also called lemon-sole (Morris). d. Locally, any of various species of Balistes, the file-fishes and trigger-fishes (Cent. Dict. 1891).
1555Eden Decades 200 Certeyne other fysshes: as soles, mackerelles, turbuttes [in W. Indies]. 1598Hakluyt Voy. I. 104 They gaue vnto vs a great fresh turbut. 1601Holland Pliny ix. xx. I. 247 In a Turbot the right side turneth upward, and in a Plaice the left. 1674Ray Collect. Words, Fishes s.v., What in the [South] they call the Halibut in the North they call the Turbot;..in some parts of the West of England they call the Turbot Bret and the Halibut Turbot. 1794Statist. Acc. Scot. XII. 171 note, The fish..are cod, ling, skate, mackerel, hollybut, here called turbot. 1810P. Neill List Fishes 11 (Jam.) Holibut... In our [Edinburgh] market..named the turbot; the proper turbot..getting another name, that of rawnfleuk. 1883Chambers' Encycl. IX. 581/2 The American or Spotted Turbot (Rhombus maculatus)..is common on the coasts of New England and New York. 1885A. Brassey The Trades 302 There were fish here [Jamaica] called turbot—not the least like our turbot, but of bright ultramarine and azure blue.
3. attrib. and Comb., as turbot-boat, turbot-fish, turbot-fisher, turbot-fishery, turbot-kettle, turbot-line, † turbot-sprout (sprout n.2); turbot-like adj.
1845Gosse Ocean ii. (1849) 82 *Turbot-boat off Scarborough.
1611Cotgr., Turbot, the *Turbot fish.
1845Gosse Ocean ii. (1849) 82 Even the practised eye of the *turbot-fisher..fails to detect a fish when thus concealed.
1765Museum Rust. IV. 238 The *turbot-fishery off the British coasts.
1846A. Soyer Cookery 85 Put the whole of the turtle..into a large *turbot kettle.
1611Cotgr., Barbue,..a kind of lesse Turbot, or *Turbot-like fish, called by some, a Dab, or Sandling.
1763Chron. in Ann. Reg. 162/1 A complete sett of *turbot-lines.
1324–5Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 14 In..xij *torbotes sproutes, xvj Lopsters. 1430Ibid. 61 In..j Turbotspreute [printed -sprente]. |