| 释义 |
Mousterian, Moustierian, a. and n.|muːˈstɪərɪən|
[ad. F. moustiérien (G. de Mortillet a 1873, in Classification des diverses périodes de l'âge de la Pierre 4), f. Moustier (see below) + -ian.]
A. adj. Of or pertaining to the people, culture, and tools, esp. the flint industries, typified by remains found in the Moustier cave in the Dordogne region of France, and properly attributed to the Neanderthal peoples living in Europe and round the Mediterranean; of the Middle Palæolithic period (c 70,000–30,000 b.c.) during which these tools were made. Also absol., this culture.
B. n. A Mousterian man or woman.
1890T. Wilson in Rep. U.S. Nat. Museum 1888 614 The Moustierian implements have been found in the river gravels of Europe. 1896A. H. Keane Ethnol. 86 Moustierian or First Cave Age. Ibid. 90 K. Moustierian bed, with typical pointed flint. 1907Ann. Rep. Board of Regents Smithsonian Inst. 1906 374 Glacial period: Mousterian culture. 1912Edin. Rev. Apr. 366 The first discovery of Mousterian man to excite interest was made in 1856 near Düsseldorf. 1912R. R. Marett Anthropol. ii. 45 Those were the days of the Mousterians who dined off woolly rhinoceros in Jersey. 1927Peake & Fleure Hunters & Artists iv. 39 Breuil thinks that the Neanderthal men of Mousterian culture lived in western Europe from the time of the Riss on through the Würm glaciation. 1927H. G. Wells Short Stories 679 These Mousterians are also called Neandertalers. 1928, etc. [see Aterian a.]. 1947J. & C. Hawkes Prehist. Brit. (rev. ed.) i. 14 One of the products of the stimulating interaction between the older traditions was a new flake culture, the Mousterian, which enjoyed its heyday during the final glaciation of the Ice Age. 1949M. E. Boyle tr. Breuil's Beyond Bounds of Hist. 47 A party of courageous hunters is attacking a group of Mammoth with lances and axes of the type known as Mousterian. 1970J. D. Clark Prehist. Afr. iv. 116 Some forty-five feet of stratified occupation waste and cave earth, showing a long sequence of developing Mousterian overlying an industry made on long blades and blade-like flakes. 1974Sci. Amer. June 101/1 The artifacts..have been assigned to two successive cultural units. The earlier of the two is known as the Mousterian. Ibid. 101/2 The Mousterian stone tools from various Ukrainian sites. Ibid. 104/3 Like the Mousterians, Upper Paleolithic peoples often buried their dead.
Hence Mouˈsterioid, ˈMousteroid adjs., resembling the Mousterian culture or tools.
1946F. E. Zeuner Dating Past ix. 287 Quite probably, many ‘mousterioid’ industries mentioned in literature are of the same type. 1950Proc. Prehist. Soc. XVI. 176 Among a handful of mousteroid specimens from the cave of Bacho Kiro in Bulgaria a typical specimen of a miniature plano-convex point may be noted. 1969C. S. Chard Man in Prehistory xi. 114 Since it seems desirable to have a broad term..to designate the flake industries of the neanderthaloid phase in the stretch of contiguous territory from western Europe to Mongolia and south to the Near East and North Africa, which all share certain common features..while retaining their individuality, the label ‘Mousteroid’ would probably be acceptable. |