| 释义 |
troubadour|ˈtruːbədʊə(r), -dɔə(r)|
[a. F. troubadour (16th c. in Godef. Compl.), ad. Prov. trobador (= Cat. trobador, Sp., Pg. trovador, It. trovatore), agent-n. f. Prov. trobar, Sp., Pg. trovar, It. trovare, F. trouver to find, invent, compose in verse; cf. trouvère.
The origin of the verb itself is questioned. As it exists in most of the Romanic langs., it is generally held to be late popular L. Diez explained it as formed by metathesis from L. turbāre to disturb, through the sense ‘turn up’. Cf. for the form F. troubler, OF. trubler, from late L. *turbulāre: see Etymol. Wörterbuch ed. 4, s.v.; cf. also the Neapol. controvare from L. conturbāre. Another conjecture in Du Cange would take the Romanic forms from med.L. tropus, trope n. 5, a verse or versicle, whence *troþāre. Both of these, and other conjectures, present difficulties.]
One of a class of lyric poets, living in southern France, eastern Spain, and northern Italy, from the 11th to the 13th centuries, who sang in Provençal (langue d'oc), chiefly of chivalry and gallantry, sometimes including wandering minstrels and jongleurs.
1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v., The poesy of the troubadours consisted in sonnets, pastorals, songs [etc.]. 1767Percy Rel. Anc. Eng. Poetry (ed. 2) I. p. xxvii, The Troubadours of Provence..are supposed to have led the way to the poets of Italy, France, and Spain. 1801Strutt Sports & Past. iii. iii. 162 The troubadours brought with them into the north a new species of language called the Roman Language... It evidently originated from the Latin, and was the parent of the French tongue. 1833Longfellow Outre-Mer Prose Wks. 1886 I. 94 The lyre of the Troubadour seems to have responded to the impulse of momentary feelings only,—to the touch of local and transitory circumstances. 1884Tennyson Becket Prol., I am a Troubadour, you know, and won the violet at Toulouse.
b. transf. One who composes or sings verses or ballads; also, a composer or writer in support of some cause or interest.
1826J. M. Sherer Refl. Ramble Germany Introd. 24 At the inn here I found a young German troubadour. He sung ballads for me, accompanying himself on the guitar. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop li, He's quite a Troubadour, you know. 1861Goldw. Smith Inaug. Lect. 32 Novels and poems by the troubadours of the landed interest. 1869B. Taylor Byeways of Europe I. 227 The Majorcans still have their troubadours, who are hired by languishing lovers to improvise strains.
c. attrib.
1883Chambers's Encycl. IX. 560/2 The extent of territory on which the troubadour poetry was cultivated—viz... France south of the Loire; Catalonia, Valencia, and Aragon in Spain; and part of Upper Italy. 1887R. H. Busk Folk-Songs Italy 122 The influence of the troubadour songs of Provence is scarcely felt beyond the region of Piedmont in the songs of the people. 1898M. Loyd tr. Uzanne's Fashion in Paris iii. 55 Towards the close of the [First] Empire, when troubadour fashions came in. 1902Chaytor Troubadours Dante Introd. 19 The great feature of the troubadour love-poetry is the glorification of the married woman.
Hence ˈtroubadourish a., pertaining to, or having the character or style of a troubadour, or of the poetry of the troubadours (whence ˈtroubadourishly adv.); ˈtroubadourism, the character, principles, or style of the troubadours; ˈtroubadourist, one who writes in the style or studies the productions of the troubadours (in quot. attrib.).
1849Fraser's Mag. XL. 448 ‘Effeminate and *troubadourish’, I thought. 1864Pearson in Spectator 245/2 Blondel..maintained the honours of his troubadourish name by a patriotic Latin poem ‘Complanctus Bonorum Gallicorum’. 1905Daily Chron. 17 May 3/3 The troubadourish, unworldly, exquisite passionateness of it all.
1880G. Meredith Tragic Com. xiii. (1892) 184 The pleading was not done *troubadourishly, in soft flute-notes.
1898M. Loyd tr. Uzanne's Fashion in Paris Introd. 7 The stiff lines and starched manners of a sham *Troubadourism.
1901Daily Chron. 18 Dec. 3/6 Tiptoft, whose..career..is entirely lacking in *troubadourist qualities, good or bad. |