| 释义 |
▪ I. † rive, n.1 Obs.
Forms: 3–5 ryue, 4–6 ryve, 4, 6 riue.
[a. OF. rive:—L. rīpa bank.]
a. The sea-shore.
b. The bank of a river.
a1300K. Horn 142 Bliþe beo we on lyue, Vre schup is on ryue. c1320Sir Tristr. 1369 Now bringeþ me atte riue Schip and oþir þing. 1390Gower Conf. III. 49 Whan they herde hou Uluxes Is londed ther upon the ryve. c1477Caxton Jason 79 b, In alle parties along by the Ryue of the cite. 1480― Ovid's Met. xi. ii, To wesche and purge hym, he must goo ayenst the ryve of a flood or ryver.
▪ II. † rive, n.2 Obs. rare.
In 5 ryue, riue.
[App. ad. L. rīvus stream.]
A stream or rill.
1489Caxton Faytes of A. i. xvii. 49 Somtyme..an ost must passe ouer grete watres & ryues. 1533–4Act 25 Hen. VIII, c. 7 Anie streites, riuers, riues, or brokes, salte or freshe within the realme.
▪ III. † rive, n.3 Obs. rare—0.
In 5 ryve.
[= MDu. rive (Du. rijf), Fris. riuwe, ON. and Icel. hrífa (Norw. riva, Sw. rifva, Da. rive).]
A rake.
c1440Promp. Parv. 435/1 Ryve, or rake, rastrum.
▪ IV. rive, n.4|raɪv|
[f. rive v.1]
A pull, tug, tear, rent, crack, etc.
1527Andrew Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters A iij, And so ordred laye it to the ryue of the glasse standynge upon the fyre. 1808Jamieson, Rive, a rent, or tear. 1822Hogg Perils of Man II. vii. 246 A little hollow place in a wild moor,..where our horses get nothing but a rive o' heather. a1878Ainslie Land of Burns (1892) 223 Sair's the rive that breaks the twist Which binds our hearts in ane. 1895Crockett Men Moss-Hags lii, With one rive he tore it from its fastenings.
▪ V. rive
obs. form of rife a.
▪ VI. rive, v.1|raɪv|
[a. ON. and Icel. rífa (Norw. riva, Sw. rifva, Da. rive), = OFris. *rîva (in pa. pple. eriven). It is doubtful whether these are to be identified with MLG. rîven, Du. rijven, G. reiben to rub, grate, rasp, etc.]
A. Inflexional forms.
1. inf. (and pres.). (α) 3–7 riue, 4–6 ryue (6 Sc. rywe, ryiue); 4–7 (9 Sc.) ryve (5 ryvyn), 4– rive.
For examples of these see B. 1, 10, and 11. (β) 4 rijf, 4–5 ryf (5 ryff), rife, 5–6 ryfe; Sc. 5–6 rif, 6 riff(e, ryffe.
c1340Hampole Psalter cxxiii. 5 Þai had na myght to ryfe vs. 1375Barbour Bruce xx. 255 Thair mycht men se men rif thar hare. a1400Morte Arth. 362, I salle..ryfe it in sondyre. c1460Towneley Myst. ii. 153 To were my shoyn & ryfe my hose. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxxii. 91 Ane rude speir..did his precious body ryff. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 108 To ryfe the lyfe out of my bodie.
2. pa. tense. (α) 3–5 rof, 4–5 rofe, roff (5 roffe), roof (5 roofe), 4–6 roue, 7 (9) rove, 9 dial. rov.
c1275Lay. 26566 Þe spere..rof þorh þan swere. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 9288 Hys rolle to-braste and rofe. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 661 Cleopatra, He..roof hym-self anoon. c1400Destr. Troy 10298 Þai..Rofe hit full Roidly. 1470–85Malory Arthur ii. vi. 82 She..rofe her self thorow the body. 1535Coverdale 1 Kings xiii. 5 Y⊇ altare roue. 1807in Allan's Tyneside Songs (1891) 90 Aw..Rove my breeks.
(β) 4–5 raf(e, 5 raffe (5–6 Sc. raeff, raif(f, raife); 4–6 raue (5–6 Sc. rawe), 5– rave (7 Sc. raive), 9 dial. raeve, reave.
a1300Cursor M. 7510, I þair chafftes raue in tua. Ibid. 9110 He wald men raf it al to dust. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxi. (Clement) 93 Scho..grat, & rawe hir hare. c1440Alph. Tales 55 With þer hornys & þer tethe þai rafe his flessh. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4683 Þai raue þair clathes. 1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. xlvii. 160 It raue clene in sondre. 1535Lyndesay Satyre 623 Wind, that raif the sails in sunder. 1603Reg. Privy Counc. Scotl. VI. 589 [He] raive and distroyit it. 1718Ramsay Christ's Kirk Gr. iii. xvii, Wi' her nails she rave his face. 1819W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd (1827) 190 [They] rugg't and rave them out. 1828P. Buchan Ballads (1875) II. 249 Meggie reave her yellow hair.
(γ) 4–5 ref, 5 refe.
13..Cursor M. 24420 (Gött.), Þe temple fra þe rof it ref. a1425Ibid. 7809 (Trin.), Þourȝe his body my swerd I ref. c1460Play Sacram. 48 The ovyn refe a sondre.
(δ) 6 ryued, ryved, riued, yriv'd, 7– rived, 8 riv'd.
a1513Fabyan Chron. vii. (1811) 249 The wynde..ryued..ouer the nomber of vi. hundred howses. 1547J. Harrison Exhort. Scottes b iij b, It riued a sunder their kyngdome. 1591Spenser Astrophel 120 That it both bone and muscles ryved quight. 1596― F.Q. iv. vi. 15 That all his mayle yriv'd. 1727De Foe Protestant Monastery 14 She..used me in such a Manner as has riv'd my..Heart. 1791Cowper Iliad xx. 475 Achilles drove his spear, And rived his skull. 1887Hall Caine Deemster xxxvii, [I] rived them [sc. rabbits] asunder.
3. pa. pple. (α) 4–6 ryuen (5 ryuyn), 5– 6 ryven, 5 Sc. rywen, -ine; 4–7 riuen (4 riuin); 5 rifen; 5– riven (7 Sc. rivin).
a1300Cursor M. 4165 He riuen es Wit beistes wild. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxxviii. (Adrian) 346 Þane wes he..rywine & rente. c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 3539 Thair sheldes war shiferd, and helms rifen. 1483Cath. Angl. 310/1 To be Ryven, fatiscere. 1566in Peacock Eng. Ch. Furniture (1866) 48 Torn, broken, and ryven in peces. 1621Bp. R. Montagu Diatribæ 323 A rough knot, not riuen out. 1746Thomson Cast. Indol. ii. lxix, The brand by which the rocks are riven. 1870Huxley Lay Serm. xiv. (1874) 342 Riven by the lightenings.
(β) 4 (6 Sc.) reuin, 5 reuen, 5, 7 reven; 9 dial. reaven; Sc. 5 refyn(e, rewyn, rewine, 5–6 reuyn, 6 rewin, revin, reivin, reiuen.
13..Cursor M. 22636 (Gött.), Þat erd þat sal be reuin. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints i. (Peter) 25 He wald haf refyn [him] sone. c1400Laud Troy Bk. 13320 Ther schal be reuen many a scheld. c1425Wyntoun Cron. v. x. 1898 His westment rewyn al in raggis. 1549Compl. Scotl. vii. 69 This mantil..vas reuyn. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. iv. 251 Quhair thay war reiuen in duigis.
(γ) 5 ryue, reve, 6 rive, 9 dial. riv.
a1425Cursor M. 1855 (Trin.), Ofte þei wende her shippe wold ha ryue. 1430Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 6001 The sheld that was reue. 1596Spenser F.Q. v. xi. 5 That seem'd a marble rocke asunder could have rive. 1895A. Patterson On the Broads 22 Years ago, afore laths was riv'.
(δ) 6 ryued, 7 riv'd, 7– rived.
a1513Fabyan Chron. ii. (1811) 249 Y⊇ rofe..was also ryued. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. i. iii. 6 When the scolding Winds Haue riu'd the knottie Oakes. 1681J. Flavel Meth. Grace ii. 39 The tree..was rived asunder. 1782E. N. Blower Geo. Bateman I. 216 My heart is rived with agony!
B. Signification.
In standard English the word is now somewhat rare, being most frequently employed in sense 4, and chiefly in the pa. pple. riven |ˈrɪv(ə)n|.
I. trans.
1. To tear apart or in pieces by pulling or tugging; to rend or lacerate with the hands, claws, etc.; to pull asunder.
a1300Cursor M. 4161 His kyrtil sal we riue and rend. c1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 888 Wormes sal ryve hym in sondre. 14..Tundale's Vis. 283 Ychon..with oder dyd stryve And with her naylys her chekys dyd ryve. c1450Holland Howlat 815, I sall ryiue the Ravyne, baith guttis and gall. c1500World & Child 529, I praye you, syr, ryue me this cloute. a1572Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 329 Monsieur Dosell and the Capitanis.., efter the reading of thame, began to ryve thair awin beardis. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. Prol. 20 Thay sett vpon thame, and..thame onlie thay ryue with thair teith. 1638Baillie Lett. & Jrnls. (1841) I. 76 They sett on him in church, ryves his gowne,..and so..dismisses him. 1697Congreve Mourn. Bride iii. vi, Then will I..disfigure And dash my Face, and rive my clotted Hair. c1715in Maidment Pasquils (1868) 393 Dee'l ryve and burst him. 1824Scott Redgauntlet ch. xxiii, What are ye pooin' me that gate for?—Ye will rive my coat. 1862C. C. Robinson Dial. Leeds Gloss. 394 Rive us that sheet o' paaper i' two.
fig.c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. I. 103 Ȝif rychesse liken þe fleishe, neþeles þei ryven þe soule. c1460Wisdom 175 in Macro Plays 41 Ye Godis ymage neuer xall ryve. 1572Satir. Poems Reform. xxxiii. 44 The malice greit, that ilk to vther beiris, Dois ryfe my bowells. c1785Burns 2nd Ep. to Davie iv, I'm on Parnassus' brink, Rivin the words to gar them clink. 1863W. Phillips Sp. xvi. 349 It went through the land,..riving sects.
refl.1830Galt Lawrie T. i. xi, It was a sad sight to see that mother and that daughter rive themselves asunder.
†b. To tear up (a letter, document, etc.), so as to destroy or cancel. Chiefly Sc. Obs.
1415Sir T. Grey in 43 Rep. Deputy Kpr. Rec. 583, I redde hit and rofe hit and kest hit in a govnge. 1480Acta Dom. Conc. (1839) 73 The said dauid bowy tuke it again, rafe & distruyt it, but þe said dauid westis consent. 1527[see riving vbl. n.1 1]. 1566Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 471 That..thair Comptrollar..at the first sycht and presentatioun of thame ryve and cancellat sic writtingis. a1650Calderwood Hist. Kirk (1843) II. 506 Their armes were rivin at the Croce, in presence of the regent and the lords.
2. With various advs. and preps.:
a. To tear or pull off or away.
13..Cursor M. 9099 (Gött.), Of his robe he gan to riue. c1480Henryson Mor. Fab., Wolf & Wether xiii, Ane breir busk raif rudelie of the skyn. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxxii. 60 The claith that claif to his clere hyde, Thai raif away with ruggis rude. 1680H. More Apocal. Apoc. 136 Excommunication, that rives off a member from the church. c1784Burns Ep. to Rankine iii, Your curst wit..Rives 't aff their back.
b. To tear, wrench, or pluck roughly away from (a person or thing).
a1340Hampole Psalter, Comm. Cant. 518 Deuyls, þe whilk cruelly ryuys saules fra god. a1400Sir Perc. 2157 Hir clothes ther scho rafe hir fro. c1450Holland Howlat 835 The Tuchet..Raif his taile fra his rig. 1554Knox Faythf. Admon. C v, That God..haue much to do to ryffe or plucke any man backe from their forefathers footesteppes. 1816Byron Corsair iii. vi, Thy loved one from thee riven. 1863Baring-Gould Iceland 129 The cold hands came down on Grettir's arms, riving them from their hold.
c. To pull down, or to the ground; to tear, drag, or pull up or out.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints v. (John) 305 He þe tempil suld in hy of dame diane gere Ryve done. c1400Destr. Troy 4783 Robbet was þis ronke hold & ryuyn to ground. 1470–85Malory Arthur xii. iii. 596 The bore torned hym nemly & rafe out the longes & the hert of the hors. 1535Coverdale Zeph. ii. 14 The bordes of Cedre shalbe ryuen downe. 1545R. Ascham Toxoph. i. (Arb.) 93 Plowing..riueth and plucketh vp by the rootes, all thistles, brambles and weedes. c1585Montgomerie Sonnets lv. 12 Rigour ryvis the hairt out by the root. 1621Bp. R. Montagu Diatribæ 323 An hard and a rough knot, not riuen out by the Author of the History. 1680Otway Caius Marius v. i, As storms let loose That riue the trunks of tallest cedars down. 1754T. Gardner Hist. Dunwich 161 John Arnold..gave Order to..the Sexton to rive it out for the Plumber's Use. 1873Gibbon For Lack of Gold xxi, I would rive the heart out of my breast.
3. To sever, cleave, or divide, by means of a knife or weapon; † to pierce or thrust.
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1341 Syþen britned þay þe brest, &..Ryuez hit vp radly, ryȝt to þe byȝt. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 1351 Dido, With his swerd she rof hyre herte. 1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 14944 The sharpe sperys hed..Rooff that lord vn-to the herte. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 316 b/2 He sayd yf it be trewe..late a swerd ryue me thurgh my body. a1592Greene Selimus 592 Vpon my swords sharpe point standeth pale death Readie to riue in two thy caitiue brest. 1659[see riff n.4]. 1668Hopkins Serm. (1685) 57 What torments the conscience feels, when God causes his sword to enter into it, to rive it. 1791Cowper Iliad xx. 475 Achilles drove his spear, And rived his skull.
refl.c1384Chaucer H. Fame 373 She rofe hir selfe to the herte. 1430–40Lydg. Bochas vi. xiii, Scipion.. rofe hymselfe to the heart and so died. 1474Caxton Chesse 21 With a swerde..she roof her self vnto the herte. 1612Drayton Poly-olb. vii. 187 Marcely,..Inrag'd and mad with griefe, himselfe in two did riue.
†b. To drive (a weapon) through (the heart, etc.); to thrust into (the body). Obs.
c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 1793 Lucrece, This swerd thour out thyn herte shal I ryue. a1425Cursor M. 7809 (Trin.), Þourȝe his body my swerd I ref. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 69/1 Eche toke other by the heed and roof their swerdes in to eche other sydes.
†c. To make (a way) by piercing. Obs.—1
1600Fairfax Tasso xii. lxxxii, You deere lims.., Through which my cruell blade this flood-gate roue.
4. To rend or split by means of shock, violent impact or pressure, etc.; to strike asunder; † to break or crack (a dish).
a1300Cursor M. 22636 Þe deuels vte sal be fordriuen O þat erth þat sal be riuen. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 148 Ten schippes wer dryuen, þorgh ille auisement, Þorgh a tempest ryuen. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 256 b, This deth..dyd ryue the myghty & stronge wall of y⊇ [temple]. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VI, 9 b, [They] shot..great stones.., the strokes whereof..shaked, crushed and ryued the walles. 1596[see A. 3 γ]. 1625Purchas Pilgrimes II. 1657 If a dish happen to be a little riven or crackt, they eat no more in it. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. lxxi. 288 After this, he..caused all the lesser Ordnance to be rived asunder, and the greater..to be cloyed. 1748Thomson Cast. Indol. ii. lxix, Repentance..quells the brand by which the rocks are riven. 1768Beattie Minstrel i. xlviii, Like yonder blasted boughs by lightening riven. 1803Heber Palestine 55 Where the tempest rives the hoary stone. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. ii. 20 The Rhone glacier,..where it is greatly riven and dislocated.
fig.c1460Towneley Myst. xiv. 296 Those lurdans wote not what thay say; Thay ryfe my hede. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, iv. ii. 29 Ten thousand French haue tane the Sacrament, To ryue their dangerous Artillerie Vpon..English Talbot. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. iii. vii. (1857) II. 242 With fire-words the exasperated rude Titan rives and smites these Girondins.
b. To split or cleave (wood, stone, etc.) by appropriate means. Also with up, off.
c1440Promp. Parv. 435/1 Ryvyn, or clyvyn, as men doo woodde, findo. 1530Palsgr. 692/2, I ryve wodde in to byllettes, or splentes, or suche lyke, je fends. 1567J. Maplet Gr. Forest 16 Nitrum is a stone..easie to be riuen. 1622Bp. Hall Contempl., O.T. xvii. i, That wood which a single iron could not rive, is soon splitted with a double wedge. 1670Eachard Cont. Clergy 22 As for him that rives blocks, or carries packs, there is..no great intellectuall pensiveness. 1793Windham in Burke's Corr. (1844) IV. 190 The progress of the northern armies must, of necessity, be slow; they are there riving the block at the knotty end. 1830Southey in Q. Rev. XLIII. 22 When this politic purpose had been sufficiently answered, it was riven up for fuel. 1891M. M. Dowie Girl in Karp. 258 It is a stake of pine wood..commonly speaking rived off at an early period.
absol.1622Relat. Eng. Plantation in Plymouth 24 We went on shore. Some to fell tymber, some to saw, some to riue, and some to carry.
transf.1875Kinglake Crimea (1877) V. i. 127 The taller horsemen who were riving it [sc. the column] deeper and deeper.
c. techn. To make (laths) by splitting wood along the grain into thin narrow strips.
1610[implied in lath-river s.v. lath n. 4]. 1618Nottingham Rec. IV. 359 For ij men to rive lathes. [1892Eastern Morn. News (Hull) 16 Feb. 2/8 The lath-riving in Sweden.] 1895[see A. 3 γ].
5. Sc. and north. To plough (untilled ground); to break up with the plough. Also with out.
1536Reg. Magni Sig. Scot. (1883) 394/2 To ryfe out, breke, and teill yeirlie 1000 acris of thair..landis. 1572Satir. Poems Reform. xxxiii. 271 Now mon thay..Ryue out the Mures, the bestialls gers intak. 1590Reg. Privy Council Scot. IV. 515 [The bailies and council] had revin out and sawin ane pairt thairof this present yeir. 1619–53[see riving vbl. n.1 1]. 1785Burns Death & Dr. Hornbook xxiii, His braw calf-ward whare gowans grew, Sae white an' bonie, Nae doubt they'll rive it wi' the plew. 1787in Cudworth Manningham, etc. (1896) 330 That they will not..plow, grave, or rive up any Part of the Close of Land. 1816Scott Bl. Dwarf i, Ill wad he hae liked to hae seen that braw sunny knowe a' riven out wi' the plough.
absol.1856G. Henderson Pop. Rhymes Berwick 70 Where the scythe cuts, and the sock rives.
6. To rend (the heart, soul, etc.) with painful thoughts or feelings.
a1300Cursor M. 26015 Þarfor agh sinful man and wijf On þis maner þair hert to rijf. c1400tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 93 He schall ryue þe hert of his subgitz, þat ys to say,..his subgitz shall fele hym at þaire hertes. 1647H. More Exorcismus Wks. (Grosart) 177 What's this that..Rives my close-straitned heart? 1713Addison Cato ii. v, Why will you rive my heart with such expressions? 1795Macneill Scotland's Skaith xlii, Jean's condition Rave his very heart in twa. 1822E. Nathan Langreath III. 186 Deeply drawn sighs, which seemed to rive the agonized bosom from whence they issued. 1896A. E. Housman Shropshire Lad xlviii, All thoughts to rive the heart are here, and all are vain.
II. absol.
†7. To pierce, cut, or shear through or into (the body). Obs.
c1275Lay. 26566 Beofs..smot hine..þat þe spere deore rof þorh þan swere. Ibid. 27685 Þe brunie gan to berste, þat þe spere þorh rof. 1388Wyclif 2 Sam. ii. 23 Abner smoot him with the spere.., and roof thorouȝ, and he was deed. c1400Destr. Troy 5907 He bere to þe bold with a big sworde, And rof þurgh the Ribbes right to þe hert. c1477Caxton Jason 102 b, Iason toke his swerd and roof into the paunche of the dragon.
8. To commit spoliation or robbery; to reave; to take away from. Now dial.
1489Barbour's Bruce xvi. 551 (Edinb.), On west half, towart Dunferlyng, Tuk land; and fast begouth to ryve. 1513More in Hall Chron., Edw. V (1548) 9 b, There deuyse they newe robberies nightely and steale oute and robbe, riue, and kyll menne. 1559Mirr. Mag., Glendour ix, Bent my selfe to rob and ryue. 1816[see riving vbl. n.1 1]. 1858Rayson Poems 7 I've nought but sarvants riving frae me.
†b. trans. To rob or despoil (a person). Obs.
1582–8Hist. & Life Jas. VI (1804) 85 The people..were become of sic dissoluit..actiones, that nane was in account bot he that wald ather kill or ryve his nybour.
9. To tear voraciously; to tug at something.
1552Lyndesay Test. Papyngo 1148 The Rauin began rudely to ruge and ryue, Full gormondlyke his emptie throte to feid. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xlvii, Twa precious saints might pu' sundry wise, like twa cows riving at the same hay-band. 1829Brockett N.C. Gloss. (ed. 2) 248 Rive, to tear membrane from membrane, to eat voraciously without knife or fork. ‘See how he's riving and eating’. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. i. xiii, Standing..roared and riven at by the wind. 1867A. Dawson Rambling Recoll. (1868) 8 His neighbour was ‘riving’ at an obstinate sinew.
III. intr.
10. To part asunder; to cleave, split, crack, open up, etc.
a1300Cursor M. 1767 Þe see [gan] to ris, þe erth to riue. c1330Arth. & Merl. 448 (Kölbing), Mani schaft þer gan riue. c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 636 Thair sheldes sone bigan to ryve, Thair shaftes cheverd. 1480Robt. Devyll 133 in Hazl. E.P.P. I. 224 They feared that the house woulde ryue a sonder. 1527Andrew Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters a iij, A lutynge for a glasse that ryveth upon the fyre. 1563Sackville Induct., Mirr. Mag. lxxix, As though the heauens riued with the noyse. 1578Lyte Dodoens 762 A thinne barke the which will soone rive, or cleeve asunder. 1616Surfl. & Markham Country Farme v. viii. 537 All sorts of ashes, either of Wood or Coale, is a good manure..for ground that is apt to chap or riue. a1661Fuller Worthies (1840) I. 110 The oak..may be called cowardly, as riving and splitting round about the passage of the bullet. 1805Scott Last Minstr. Note xlviii, Sutor Watt, ye cannot sew your boots; the heels risp, and the seams rive. 1877Tennyson Harold ii. ii. 426 Why let earth rive, gulf in These cursed Normans.
fig.1549Compl. Scotl. i. 21 Lucan..said that the vecht of rome suld gar it ryue in mony partis. 1589Nashe Martin Marprelate Wks. (Grosart) I. 78 Theyr Religion like an ancient building, worne with..age, riues and threatens ruine on euery side.
b. Of wood or stone: To admit of splitting or cleaving.
1699Phil. Trans. XXI. 437 A Tree we call Cypress..; it is soft and spungy, will not Rive. 1772Ann. Reg. 119 The body of the willow tree rives into pales. 1811Pinkerton Petral. I. 432 All like sorts of stone that are composed of granules, will cut and rive in any direction. 1831J. Hodgson in Raine Mem. (1858) II. 212 They rive, according to the term of the quarry-men, into thin..laminæ.
11. In hyperbolical or figurative use:
a. Of the heart: To break or burst with sorrow.
c1400Rom. Rose 5718 She fighteth with hym ay, and stryveth, That his herte asondre ryveth. c1460Towneley Myst. iii. 399 Me thynk my hert ryfis..To se sich stryfis. 1550Lever Serm. (Arb.) 23 Thys playne worde..wold make..oure hertes to ryue in peces. c1595J. Dickenson Sheph. Compl. (1878) 13 This said, he sighd, as though his heart would riue. 1620–6Quarles Feast for Worms 1635 O kill me (Lord) or lo, my heart will riue. 1870Rossetti Poems, Sister Helen xxvii, He prays you, as his heart would rive,..To save his dear son's soul alive.
b. Denoting the effect of repletion, excessive laughter, etc.
1586D. Rowland Lazarillo (1653) E j, My stomack began to rive for hunger. a1682F. Sempill Blythsome Wedding 72 There will be meal-kail and castocks With skink to sup till ye rive. 1715Ramsay Christ's Kirk Gr. ii. xiv, Jock, wi' laughing like to rive. 1786Burns To a Haggis iv, Then auld Guidman, maist like to rive, Bethankit hums. 1827Kinloch's Ballad Bk. 68 Ye wad hae riven for laughter. 1884D. Grant Lays 20, I winna drink anither drap! My head is like to rive.
▪ VII. † rive, v.2 Obs.
Forms: α. 4 riue, ryue, 5–6 ryve (5 ryvyn). pa. tense 4 riuede, 5 ryuede, revede, (and pa. pple.) 3–4 riued, 4–5 ryued, 4–6 ryved, 5 Sc. rywit, 6 riude. β. pa. tense 4 roue, raue, 5 raffe. γ. pa. pple. 4 (y)ryuen, 5 ryven, reuyn, revyn.
[ad. OF. river, aphetic form of arriver arrive v. Common in the 14th cent.]
intr. To arrive, to land. Freq. with up.
αa1300K. Horn 162 And sey..Þat ichc..On londe am riued here. c1320Sir Tristr. 920 Til inglond wil y riue. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 85 Wiþ a grete navey he ryved up at Cornwayle. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 63 To the haven of dethe whan we gan to ryve. c1440Promp. Parv. 435/1 Ryvyn to londe, as schyppys or botys, fro water, applico, appello. 1483Cath. Angl. 310/1 To Ryve vp, appellere, applicare. 1530Palsgr. 692/2 In shorte space they ryved at Calays. 1592W. Wyrley Armorie 134 We there were riude with vigerous entent With him to fight.
βc1350St. Mary Magd. 478 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 86 Þe weders fand þai gude and gayne, So þat þai raue up in Romayne. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 87 Þe navy of Danes rove up at Sandwyche, and robbed Kent. a1440Sir Eglam. 1297 + 15 (Linc. MS.), This fayre navé Alle in lykynge passed the see, In Artasse up thay raffe.
γc1400Chron. R. Glouc. (Rolls) 362 (MS. B), Þo he was ware, Þat such folk was y-armed..& ryuen vp hys lond. 14..Guy Warw. 4244 So longe þe wynde haþ þem dreuyn: At Almayne they be vp reuyn. Ibid. 8476 In Awfryke well soone þey be yryuen. c1435Torr. Portugal 1438 Sith we be ryven on this lond, To nyght wylle I ryde.
▪ VIII. † rive, v.3 Obs.—0
[Related to rive n.3 Cf. Du. rijven, Fris. riuwje.]
trans. To rake.
c1440Promp. Parv. 435/1 Ryvyn, or rakyn, rastro. |