| 释义 |
▪ I. † fust, n.1 Obs.
Also 6 foust.
[a. OF. fust (mod.F. fût): see foist n.2]
I.
1. A wine-cask.
1481–90Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 85, xxx. pipes bere, and a toon wyn x.s., the bere x.li. and for the fustes xxx.s. 1601Househ. Ord. (1790) 295 The Serjant..hath for his fee, all the empty foustes of wine.
2. ‘A strong smell, as that of a mouldy barrel’ (Johnson 1755).
Whence in mod. Dicts.
II.
3. (See quot. 1819.) [So F. fût, It. fusto.]
1665J. Webb Stone-Heng (1725) 35 The Column..diminishing (from the third Part of the Fust upwards). 1682Wheler Journ. Greece i. 48 They were neither Channell'd, nor altogether plain; but their Fusts cut into Angles. 1717Berkeley Jrnl. Tour Italy 27 Jan. Wks. 1871 IV. 550 The wreaths along the fusts of the columns. 1819Nicholson Dict. Archit., Fust, the shaft of a column, or trunk of a pilaster.
▪ II. † fust, n.2 Obs.
In pl. 6–7 fusses, fusts.
[ad. It. fusto lit. ‘stick’. Cf. F. fût de girofle.
With the plural form fusses cf. dial. fisses for fists. It is somewhat doubtful whether the first quot. belongs to this word.]
(See quot. 1657.)
1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. (E.E.T.S.) 240 Moche worth is the lytwary y makyd of fuste and aloes, for that fuste confortyth the stomake..Then sethe he fuste in wynne, and drynke hit erly. 1597Gerarde Herbal iii. cxliv. 1352 Those grosse kinde of Cloues..which of the ancients are called Fusti, whereof we haue englished them Fusses. 1657W. Coles Adam in Eden cxxxiv. 199 Those [Cloves] that do abide longer on the trees..being called by most Fusses, yet some call the stalks of the Cloves Fusses. Ibid., Table..Fusses or Fusts.
▪ III. fust, n.3 Obs. exc. dial.
[var. of first n.]
The ridge of the roof of a house: see quot. 1819.
1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 142 The Fust of the House. 1819Nicholson Dict. Archit., Fust, a term used in Devonshire, and perhaps in some other counties, for the ridge of a house.
▪ IV. † fust, n.4 Obs.
[short f. fustic.]
= fustic.
1682Wheler Journ. Greece iv. 307 There groweth Fust also, or Yellow-wood, used to dye with.
▪ V. fust, a. (n.5) and adv.
Dial. and U.S. dial. var. of first. Also redundantly as superl. fustest, esp. in phr. to get there fustest with the mostest (see quot. 1925).
1851J. J. Hooper Widow Rugby's Husband 45 The fust I know'd of it, tho', was when I was 'bout ten years old. Ibid. 47 We had a fust-rate time of it. 1862H. Mayhew London Labour Extra vol. 418/2 The fust thing as I remember was the river side (the Thames), and running in low-tide to find things. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. II. iii. xi. 99 It would be a wonder if I did not, being by the Chris'en name of Roger, which took it arter my own father,..though which of our fam'ly fust took it nat'ral I will not..mislead you by undertakin' to say. 1896A. V. Culbertson Lays of Wandering Minstrel 179 An' honey, yo'n's de fustes' fren'ly face I've seed. 1905[see mostest a. (n.) and adv.]. 1907G. B. Shaw Major Barbara ii. 214 Fust: I'm intelligent... Second, an intelligent bein needs a doo share of appiness. 1925F. Maurice Robert E. Lee 21 To one who once asked him to what he attributed his victories he [sc. Lieut.-General N. B. Forrest] answered, ‘I get there fustest with the mostest men.’ 1939Joyce Finnegans Wake 49 This stage thunkard is said..to have solemnly said—as had the brief thot but fell in till his head like a bass dropt neck fust in till a bung crate (cogged!): Me drames, O'Loughlins, has come through! 1940Time 4 Nov. 12/3 One of the most popular inhabitants of the train was Porter Foley, who could get there fustest with the mostest drinks. 1983Outdoor Life June 130 Fust thang anybody know'd he'd gone crazy.
▪ VI. fust, v. Obs. exc. dial.|fʌst|
Also foist v.2
[f. fust n.1 1, 2.]
intr. To become mouldy or stale-smelling; esp. a. Of corn: To become mouldy; also fig. b. Of wine: To taste of the cask; also fig.
a1592H. Smith Serm. (1637) 440 As the Manna which the Jewes gathered over an Homer did them no good, but mould and fust. 1604Shakes. Ham. iv. iv. 39 (Qo. 2) He that made vs..gaue vs not That capabilitie and god-like reason To fust in vs vnvsd. 1755Johnson, Fust, to grow mouldy; to smell ill. 1799G. Smith Laboratory I. 429 To prevent wine from fusting, otherwise tasting of the cask. 1869Lonsdale Gloss., Fust, to mould as corn does.
Hence ˈfusted ppl. a. = fusty 1.
1597–8Bp. Hall Sat. iv. v. 117 Of fusted hoppes now lost for lack of sale. 1621–51Burton Anat. Mel. i. ii. i. vi. 63 If the spirits of the brain be fusted..the children will be fusted in the brain; they will be dull..all their lives. 1799G. Smith Laboratory I. 432 To restore a wine fusted, or tasting of the cask. 1897G. Macdonald Salted with Fire 203 To me it was like the fuistit husks o' the half-faimisht swine!
▪ VII. fust
obs. f. of fist n.1, var. of foist n.1 Obs. |