| 释义 |
▪ I. furnish, n.|ˈfɜːnɪʃ|
[f. next vb.]
†a. A furnishing or providing; concr. a provision or stock of anything (obs.).
†b. The state of being furnished or fitted (obs.).
c. colloq. A setting off or embellishing.
1500Will of Treffry (Somerset Ho.), A Furnyssh of bras. 1604Daniel Funeral Poem Earl Devonsh., That furnish perfect held. 1613–21― Hist. Eng. 169 He sends him a whole Furnish of all Vessels for his Chamber of cleane gold. 1617Greene's Groat's W. Wit A 3, To lend the world a furnish of witte, she lays her owne to pawne. 1633J. Done Hist. Septuagint 115 Very liberall..chiefly to have in regard the Furnish for these grave and reverent Persons. Ibid. 179 Furniture for the whole furnish of a chamber. 1896Daily News 7 Mar. 6/3 The chin..is often the better for the ‘furnish’ of the strings.
d. The materials from which paper is manufactured.
1920Cross & Bevan Paper-Making 374 The characters of these sorted rags are taken into account in the composition of the paper-maker's furnish. 1929Penrose's Ann. XXXI. 99 A good proportion of cotton and/or linen in the furnish of a paper, as well as high chemical purity, are essential for durability. 1969M. Kilby Write on Both Sides i. 31 ‘Depends what furnish you're working to.’ ‘Furnish?’ ‘That's what we call the formula of a paper.’
▪ II. furnish, v.|ˈfɜːnɪʃ|
Forms: 5–6 fourn-, furnis(s)he, -ys(s)he, (6 fornyssh, furnesshe, -ice), 6–7, 9 Sc. furneis, -ess, -ich, -ise, -yse.
[a. OF. furniss- lengthened stem of furnir, also fornir, fournir (F. fournir) = Pr., Sp., Pg. fornir, It. fornire, app. a Com. Rom. alteration of an earlier *formire, *fromire (Pr. formir, furmir, fromir), ad. WGer. *frummjan (OS. frummian, OHG. frummen, MHG, vrümen) to further, promote, accomplish, supply, f. *frum- (as in OHG., OS. fruma fem., profit, advantage) ablaut-var. of *fram- forward: see from.]
†1. trans. To accomplish, complete, fulfil. Also with that and obj. clause: To bring about, ensure.
c1477Caxton Jason 87, I shall not departe me but that I shal furnisshe myn auowe. c1489― Blanchardyn ix. (1890) 39 The knyght..shewed hym the waye that he muste holde for to furnysshe his entrepryse. Ibid. xxxiv. 126 For to see and furnysshe that this were doon. 1494Fabyan Chron. lxxxiv. 62 To furnysshe or perfourme the Story of Vortiger. c1500Melusine xx. 111 Behighte no thing but that ye may fournysshe & hold it. a1533Ld. Berners Huon lxxxi. 245, I sawe that I hadde furnysshed your message. 1551Robinson tr. More's Utop. i. (1895) 212 A man maye see..furnished..those thinges whiche husbande⁓men doo commenly in other countreys.
†2.
a. To fill, occupy, garrison (a place, etc.). Const. of, with, also simply. Obs.
c1500Three Kings' Sons (E.E.T.S.) 33 The houses were all fornyssht with folkes. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xxxviii. 52 The cyte was strong, and well furnysshed of men a warr. 1526Househ. Ord. 153 There shall be a boord..furnished with lords spirituall and temporal. 1533Cranmer in Furniv. Ballads fr. MSS. I. 384 Four rich charettes, one of them empty, & three other furnished with divers ancient old ladies. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. x. 278 The Gouernour commandes to furnice the castell of Edr. be al meines. 1692Ray Dissol. World Pref. (1732) 11 A World already filled & furnished.
b. To fill, occupy (a position); also with out.
1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 257 There is a place voide and to be furnished. 1583Golding Calvin on Deut. xviii. 108 That they haue neede to be instructed or els that they cannot furnish out the place to performe their dutie.
†3. To supply, provide for (needs, occasions, expenses). Obs.
1496in Ld. Treas. Acc. Scotl. (1877) I. 304 Item..giffin..to furnys Margret Drummondis costis in Linlithquho. 1555L. Saunders in Coverdale Lett. Mart. (1564) 191 My need concerning bodely necessaryes is..furnyshed by Gods provision. 1666Marvell Corr. lii. Wks. 1872–5 II. 192 The House is much in earnest to furnish his Majestye's present occasions.
4. a. To provide or supply with (something necessary, useful, or desirable, either material or immaterial). † Also const. in (cf. find v. 19), of.
1529Wolsey in Four C. Eng. Lett. 10 Of evry thyng mete for houssold vnprovydyd and furnyshyd. a1533Ld. Berners Huon xlvi. 154 Whan the shyppe was fournyshyd with vytaylles, than he put therin his horses. 1550Crowley Way to Wealth 326 Let your wiues..furnishe them selues with al pointes of honest housewifery. 1553Brende Q. Curtius x. 5 To furnish them of iron, hemp and sails. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. v. 301 Scotland had furnist Jngland in all necessaries to the Weiris. 1610Shakes. Temp. ii. ii. 147 Come, sweare to that: kisse the Booke: I will furnish it anon with new Contents. 1625Purchas Pilgrims II. ix. xv. §9. 1600 Parmezan, of which the Bailo of Venice doth alwayes furnish them. 1674N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. iii. (1677) 38 Ending at May, at which time the Trees begin to be furnished with leaves. 1700Wallis in Collect. (O.H.S.) I. 319 A man may be furnished with genteel accomplishment. 1754Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 18 An inhabitant..who has furnished one..in meat, clothes, or other merchandise. 1772Mackenzie Man World ii. iv. (1823) 470 There was too much innocence in the breast of Lucy, to suffer it to be furnished with disguise. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 638 The officers..had orders to furnish him with whatever military aid he might require. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 192 He [Plato] has furnished us with the instruments of thought.
†b. intr. for refl. To provide oneself with (something). Obs.
1631N. Ward Let. in Simp. Cobler (1843) 93. I expect measure hard enough and must furnish apace with proportionable armour.
c. (Chiefly in pass.) To provide (an instrument, organ, etc.) with (some appendage subsidiary to its function).
1799G. Smith Laboratory I. 15 Rockets may be both within and without furnished with crackers. 1816J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art II. 352 Each of the bladders should be furnished with a stopcock. 1830R. Knox Béclard's Anat. 19 Bones..which..are furnished with a great mass of muscles. 1886A. Winchell Walks & Talks Geol. Field 252 The..tail of this bird..is furnished with proper quills.
5.
†a. simply. To supply with what is necessary.
1596Shakes. Merch. V. ii. iv. 9 'Tis now but foure of clock, we haue two houres To furnish vs. 1611Bible Ps. lxxviii. 19 Can God furnish a table in the wildernes? 1633J. Done Hist. Septuagint 76 It is succoured and furnished by the neerenesse of the Port of Ascalon [etc.]. 1668Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. Man. ii. iii. 318 The outer [branch]..furnishes the Cheeks and Muscles of the Face. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 185/1 The Abbots Table must be furnished for Strangers. 1743Lond. & Country Brew. ii. (ed. 2) 93 The English..thinking themselves compleatly furnished by Barley and Oat-Malt-Liquors, have supinely neglected the Improvement of the best of all others.
†b. To decorate, embellish. Obs.
1599Shakes. Much Ado iii. i. 103 Ile shew thee some attires, and haue thy counsell, Which is the best to furnish me tomorrow. 1690Halifax Epist. Earl Dorset 185 The wounded Arm wou'd furnish all their Rooms, And bleed for ever Scarlet in the Looms.
c. in Hop-growing. (See quot.)
1848Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. IX. ii. 555 It is not..necessary for the hop-tiers to wait until there are three bines for every pole long enough to tie, that is, for the hills to furnish, as they term it..When every pole furnished with three bines pull the remainder out of the hills. Ibid. 556, I have known bine that has been kept back..by cold weather..so as not to furnish the poles before the middle of June.
†6. esp. To prepare for work or active service; to equip (a person), caparison, harness (a horse), fit up (a weapon, etc.), fit out (a ship). Obs.
1548Privy Council Acts (1890) II. 197 Hand-goones furnesshed, cc. 1577Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. v. ix. (1619) 494 Chosroes, being now furnished to battell. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, iv. i. 39 He then, that is not furnish'd in this sort, Doth but vsurpe the Sacred name of Knight. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. ix. 242 How sune the schip was now furniched, sayle thay lous. 1598Barret Theor. Warres ii. i. 18 He shall not suffer any souldier to come thither without his Armes fully furnished. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 244 Bucephalus..being sadled and furnished..could endure none but Alexander. 1657R. Ligon Barbadoes (1673) 22 Far better..to purchase a Plantation there ready furnish'd. 1684Bunyan Pilgr. ii. 34 There is sufficient to furnish them against all attempts whatsoever. 1703Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1732) 127 Six led Horses, all of excellent shape, and nobly furnish'd. 1725Defoe Voy. round World (1840) 2 Every sailor is able to do it if his merchants are but qualified to furnish him for so long a voyage.
7. To fit up (an apartment, a house) with all requisite appliances, including a supply of movable ‘furniture’ (see furniture 7), which in mod. use is the predominant notion.
[1611Bible Luke xxii. 12 He shall shew you a large vpper roume furnished. (Strictly to sense 5)] 1650Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 270 A stately chamber furnished to have entertained a prince. 1762H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. I. i. 2 The apartments are lofty and enormous and they knew not how to furnish them. 1838Thirlwall Greece V. xli. 159 He had taken more pains to furnish his house, than his mind. 1874J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 342 A church may be furnished, as well as built, by degrees.
absol.1837Hook in Life I. 407 My lady is very busy a-furnishing.
8. To provide, contribute, afford, supply, yield.
The general currency of this sense appears to date from the 18th c., and is perh. due to mod. Fr. influence. The Sc. instances (16–17th c.) quoted below may belong to 6.
[1563Winȝet Wks. (1890) II. 6, I may nocht furnise to this excellent werk euery kind of necessar waippin. 1640–1Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min. Bk. (1855) 142 The Committie finding that Johne Wilsone, runaway, in Crocemichael, is unable to goe upon service..ordaines the said paroche of Crocemichael to furneis ane uther in his place.] 1754Sherlock Disc. (1759) I. iii. 110 Philosophy has furnished Difficulties on every Side. 1759Goldsm. Bee No. 5 Unfort. Merit ⁋9 The host..refused to furnish him a dinner without previous payment. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 78 The idea of inheritance furnishes a sure principle of conservation. 1809Med. Jrnl. XXI. 390 The exhalents..furnish a fluid similar in use to the secretion of the lachrymal gland. 1849Ruskin Sev. Lamps iv. §29. 119 The pinnacles furnish the third term to the spire and tower. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 453 The proof which you desire has been already furnished. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. I. iii. 25 note, Rhode Island..has furnished the most abundant analogies to the Greek republics of antiquity.
9. dial. = burnish v.2 Hence in Stable slang, of a horse: To fill out, gain in strength and ‘condition’. (Cf. furnished 2 b.)
1862H. Kingsley Ravenshoe II. x. 103 The horse had furnished so since then. 1883Standard 19 May 3/3 Being a big horse he is not quite furnished yet. Mod. (Suffolk) ‘She is tall for age, and thin; now, it is to be hoped, she will begin to furnish’
10. With adverbs.
a. furnish forth. Used by Shakes. with the sense = 5, 6 above; echoed by later writers (by Scott in the more recent sense 8).
1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, i. ii. 251 Will your Lordship lend mee a thousand pound, to furnish me forth? 1602― Ham. i. ii. 181 The Funeral Bake-meats Did coldly furnish forth the Marriage Tables. 1810Scott Lady of L. i. xxii, Our broad nets have swept the mere, To furnish forth your evening cheer. 1825Cobbett Rur. Rides 188, I got myself well furnished forth as a defence against the rain. 1850F. E. Smedley F. Fairlegh iv, Clayton had..slain a sufficient number of victims to furnish forth pies for the supply of the whole mess. 1860Geo. Eliot Bro. Jacob ii, What housewife..would not think shame to furnish forth her table with articles that were not home-cooked? 1903R. Langbridge Flame & Flood xvi, So she would..order..the best that the ‘cuiseen’..could furnish forth.
b. furnish out. (a) To supply what is lacking in; to complete. (b) To supply adequate materials or provision for. (c) To send out with proper equipment or training. Now rare.
1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iv. (1586) 18 b, When..you are to furnish out the number, you must [etc.]. 1581Mulcaster Positions ii. (1887) 5 To furnish out all knowledge in the cunning, and all iudgement in the wise. 1607Shakes. Timon iii. iv. 116 There's not so much left to furnish out a moderate Table. 1639Fuller Holy War v. v. (1647) 236 They..improved their interest with all their benefactours, to furnish out a fleet. 1662H. More Philos. Writ. Pref. Gen. (1712) 22 Whose great example..furnished out many undaunted Champions of the Christian Faith. 1702Addison Dial. Medals i. 16 How many Heroes would Moor-fields have furnished out in days of old. 1750Johnson Rambler No. 1 ⁋15 He may yet have enough to furnish out an essay. 1847L. Hunt Men, Women, & B. I. xiv. 268 Modern customs..often leave to the imagination the task of furnishing out the proper quantity of beauty.
†c. furnish up. (a) To supply the necessary material for, make up, bring into a complete form. (b) To fit up with proper equipment. Obs.
1573G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 9 Here was stuf gud plente to furnish up a trim tragedi. 1593R. Bancroft Daung. Posit. iii. xiii. 115 Before a Nationall Synode be celebrated, let it be called three monethes afore, that they may prepare and furnish vp those thinges, that belong vnto it. 1606G. W[oodcocke] tr. Hist. Ivstine 26 a, With al dilligence..he furnished vp his Nauy to the sea. 1785Crabbe Newspaper 221 As many rows, as furnish up a sheet. |