| 释义 |
reclamation|rɛkləˈmeɪʃən|
Also 8 reclaim-.
[a. F. réclamation (1549 in Hatz.-Darm.), or ad. L. reclāmātion-em, n. of action f. reclāmāre to reclaim.]
1. a. The action of protesting; a protest.
1533Bellenden tr. Livy iii. ix. (S.T.S.) I. 281 Nochtwithstanding ony reclamacioun of tribunis, twa strang armyis belive war rasit. 1631R. Bolton Comf. Affl. Consc. 26 The many secret grumblings..and stinging reclamations of a gauled conscience against its present guilty courses. 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. 131 An act..done against the reclamation of the Law of Nature. 1793Paine in Sparks Life & Writ. Morris (1832) I. 417 A reply is necessary, were it only to continue the reclamation. 1829Landor Imag. Conv., Emp. China & Tsing-Ti Wks. 1853 II. 135/2 That two of the perpetrators might be kept on their thrones, against the reclamation of their subjects. 1872Proctor Ess. Astron. iv. 60 My reclamation was not well received.
†b. Sc. An appeal at law. Obs.
1563–4Reg. Privy Council Scot. Ser. i. I. 264 Quhilk decrete..thai..sall abide.., but ony appellatioun, reclamatioun, or agane calling quhatsumevir. 1579Ibid. III. 169 To obey thair declaratioun and jugement, without reclamatioun, appellatioun, or contradictioun.
2. a. The action of calling or bringing back from wrong-doing, reformation.
1633T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter iii. 17 To them that wilfully continue in a state of sin, there is a monument of reclamation, the lake of Sodom. 1640Bp. Hall Episc. Ep. Ded. 4 The fervent desire of whose reclamation..hath put my pen upon this..taske. 1709Tatler No. 71 ⁋5 These out of many such irregular Practices, I write for his Reclaimation. 1849Robertson Serm. Ser. iv. xxii. (1876) 266 It is meet that God should be glad on the reclamation of a sinner. 1867Howells Ital. Journ. 141 There were altogether some hundred boys in the first stages of reclamation.
b. The action of reclaiming from barbarism.
1868Rogers Pol. Econ. xviii. (1876) 245 The reclamation of nations..from barbarous customs, is gained from experience as to the humanising influences of honest trade.
c. The making (of land) fit for cultivation. Also attrib. Cf. also land reclamation s.v. land n.1 10 a.
1848J. S. Mill Let. 3 Feb. in W. Ward Aubrey de Vere (1904) iv. 132, I look much more than you do to reclamation of waste lands. 1861Smiles Engineers II. 156 The reclamation of these unhealthy wastes became quite a hobby with him. 1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. 745/2 Reclamation Plow, a plow for breaking new land. 1886Manch. Exam. 22 Feb. 6/1 There have been reclamations of fresh land by means of the enclosure of commons. 1890J. Newman Earthwork Slips (title-p.), The Construction or Maintenance of..Reclamation Embankments, Drainage Works, &c. 1955Times 24 May 8/3 The United Nations Relief and Works Agency is soon to present..a report on the feasibility of an ambitious reclamation scheme known as the Sinai strip. 1970New Yorker 15 Aug. 32/1 The Dutch..knew..how difficult and dirty any sort of reclamation work could be.
d. The action or process of reclaiming used or unusable objects or materials.
1937Iron Age 5 Aug. 36/2 This..has been largely responsible for the extended use of the spray process in applying this metal both for the protection of new parts and for the reclamation of worn or unserviceable items. 1954Publ. Calif. State Water Pollution Control Board No. 9. i. 13 Implicit in the study of waste water reclamation and utilization is the idea that eventually it will be of economic value as a water source. 1962A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio vii. 133 In BBC practice reclamation also includes not only checking through the tape to remove spacers, trailers, etc...but also removing all temporary joints and replacing them by cemented joints. 1970New Society 5 Mar. 387/3 The reclamation industry reckons it saves Britain {pstlg}1,000 million by reclaiming otherwise imported material.
†3. Revocation. Obs.
1577Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. vii. x. (1636) 129 The suffering of reclamations, perils, persecutions,..and sundry tribulations which happened..under Decius. 1611Florio, Richiamo, a reclamation, a reuokeing.
†4. An echoing shout. Obs.—1
a1639Wotton Disparity in Reliq. (1651) 48 So many thousand Citizens..made within the reach of his own ears large reclamations in his praise.
5. The action of claiming the return of something taken away; a claim for something.
1787Jefferson Writ. (1859) II. 114 It was a silent reclamation and acknowledgment of fraternity, between two religions of the same family. 1846Landor Imag. Conv., Penn & Peterb. Wks. I. 534/1 [Popes never] pardon a reclamation made on any side for redress. 1873Browning Red Cotton Night-Cap Country ii. 649 They quarrelled..from reclamation of her rights To wifely independence.
6. Special Comb.: reclamation disease [tr. G. urbarmachungskrankheit (B. Sjollema 1933, in Biochem. Zeitschr. CCLXVII. 151)], a disease affecting crops, esp. cereals, grown on reclaimed land, caused by a deficiency of copper and distinguished by discoloured leaves and the failure of affected plants to produce seed.
1937F. T. Heald Introd. Plant Pathol. xviii. 365 The curative value of boron has also been demonstrated for the ‘reclamation or bog disease’, a trouble characteristic of swampy heath soils in European countries. 1949Butler & Jones Plant Pathol. ix. 312 Among the group of crop disorders..owing to the active measures taken during modern times to reclaim peat moor, swamp, and polder soils, that which eventually became widely termed ‘reclamation disease’ is one of the most important. 1961W. Stiles Trace Elements in Plants (ed. 3) iii. 99 Reclamation disease..affects oats and other cereals. |