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▪ I. coralline, n.1|ˈkɒrəlaɪn|
[ad. It. (and mod.L.) corallīna, dim. of corallo coral.]
A name given originally to organisms thought to resemble or be of the nature of coral, but of more minute size, less firm texture, etc.
Prob. first given to the calcareous sea-weed Corallina officinalis (sense 1 below); but also including the compound animal organisms of plant-like habit growing in the sea, then thought to be plants. When the animal nature of coral was recognized, the corallines (including Corallina) were transferred to the animal kingdom. More accurate knowledge has since separated senses 1 and 2. The animal ‘corallines’ have moreover been found to belong to entirely distinct zoological divisions, some of them (Polyzoa) being Cœlomata, others (Hydrozoa) being Cœlenterata; hence the name is no longer a term of Zoology, though retained in popular use, as in ‘a collection of sea-weeds and corallines’.
1. A genus of seaweeds having a calcareous jointed stem, one species of which (Corallina officinalis) is common on the coasts of the North Atlantic; ‘a plant having the power of secreting lime like the coral animals’ (Dana).
1543Traheron Vigo's Chirurg. (1586) 436 Coraline, corolina, is thought to be Brion, which is mosse growing to stones in the sea, and killeth the worms of young children. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ii. v. §6. 91 That plants and ligneous bodies may indurate under water..we have experiment in Coralline. 1857J. G. Wood Com. Obj. Sea Shore iv. 56 Of these plants the coralline is a good example; for until a comparatively late period, it was placed among the animals in company with the true corals. 1880Carpenter in 19th Cent. No. 38. 615, I dredged slow-growing red calcareous Algæ (true corallines) in the Mediterranean.
b. As an ingredient in the Pharmacopœia.
1543[see 1]. 1634Brereton Trav. (1844) 47 He prescribed six grains of corallin. 1707G. Miege St. Gt. Brit. ii. 17 Coraline is also..strengthning, and good in hot Gouts. 1732Arbuthnot Rules of Diet 407 Will kill worms, as Steel, Hartshorn, Coraline. 1882Syd. Soc. Lex., Corallina officinalis, White worm-seed, sea moss, or coralline; formerly given to children as anthelminthic.
2. A name applied to plant-like compound animals with a calcareous or horny cœnœcium; esp. to the Polyzoa or Bryozoa, and the Sertularian Hydrozoa. In this sense, formerly in scientific, but now only in popular use.
1721R. Bradley Wks. Nat. 15, I commonly find them accompanied with Coralines, the Sea-Fan, and other such like Bodies. 1767Ellis in Phil. Trans. LVII. 421 By a Coralline I mean an animal growing in the form of a plant. 1807J. E. Smith Phys. Bot. 4 Not being aware of the true nature of those half-animated beings called Corals and Corallines. 1859Darwin Orig. Spec. xiv. (1872) 387 A delicate branching coralline, studded with polypi. 1877Huxley Anat. Invert. Animals viii. 453 The Polyzoa or Bryozoa: in outward form these animals bear a general likeness to the Sertularian Hydrozoa, with which they were formerly confounded under the name of ‘Corallines’.
†3. mountain coralline, coralline moss: old names for the Reindeer Lichen, from its resemblance to Corallina. Obs.
1598Florio, Corallina..also Corall or mountain coralline. 1674Phil. Trans. IX. 240 Our Horse and Sheep make a shift to live upon the grass under the snow, and the Corallin-mosse call'd Muscus Marinus. 1756Watson in Phil. Trans. XLIX. 859 The common coralline moss is the principal food of the Rein-Deer, in winter.
4. attrib.
a. coralline crag (Geol.): the lowest member of the ‘Crag’ or Pliocene series of Norfolk and Suffolk, consisting of shells and ‘corallines’ (Polyzoa) imbedded in calcareous sand.
1835E. Charlesworth in Phil. Mag. Ser. iii. VII. 83, I propose to designate the lower [beds] as the Coralline Crag. 1851Richardson Geol. (1855) 358 The coralline crag was partially consolidated before the deposition of the red crag. 1874[see coralloid a.].
b. coralline-snake.
1802G. Shaw Zool. III. 432 Coralline Snake. Coluber Corallinus..scales..on the body..disposed in longitudinal rays or stripes, representing, in some degree, the articulations of Coralline.
c. coralline zone: the third of the zones or strata into which Milne Edwards and Forbes divided the sea-depths, being that in which corallines (sense 2) abound.
1876Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. iii. 76 The Coralline [zone] extends from 90 to about 300 feet in depth.
▪ II. coralline, a. and n.2|ˈkɒrəlɪn, -aɪn|
[ad. L. corallin-us of the nature or colour of coral; f. corallum, coral.]
A. adj.
1. Of the colour of red coral; red. coralline ware: pottery of a red paste made in Italy in the 17th and 18th centuries.
a1633S. Lennard tr. Charron's Wisd. (1658) 19 The mouth little, the lips coraline. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. vi. §7 (1681) 101 Pyracantha..is raised.. of the bright Coralline Berries. 1877A. B. Edwards Up Nile xii. 318 The pinks are coralline.
2. Of the nature of coral; composed or consisting of coral, as coralline limestone, coralline marble, etc. coralline oolite = coral rag.
1660Boyle New Exp. Phys. Mech. xlii. 387 The same Coralline Corpuscles. 1673Phil. Trans. VIII. 6158 Corallin incrustations upon truly wooden and branchy sticks. 1856Stanley Sinai & Pal. i. (1858) 83 It is these coralline forests which form the true ‘weeds’ of this fantastic sea. 1869A. R. Wallace Malay Archipelago II. 21 All the parts that I have seen have either been volcanic or coralline. 1871Phillips Geol. Oxford 299 The coralline oolite and calcareous grits must have been produced in long fringes and detached banks.
3. Resembling coral; coral-like.
1860Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. vi. ix. 81 The extremities form a kind of coralline leaf. 1870Bentley Bot. 122 Coralline root is applied to a root which consists of a number of succulent branches of nearly equal size.
†4. fig. Of or pertaining to the coral, or ‘tree of pearl’, which is Christ. Obs. Cf. coral 4 c.
1649J. Ellistone tr. Behmen's Epist. xxxi. iii, I make no doubt but the precious coraline branch of the new birth is begotten in you.
B. n. (improper uses.)
1. A coral zoophyte.
1860Maury Phys. Geog. Sea §537 Corallines are at work about the Gulf Stream, they have built up the Florida Reefs.
2. = coral (the calcareous substance).
1779Forrest Voy. N. Guinea 269 The sand was too hard, and mixed with broken coralines for turtles to lay. 1863Speke Discov. Nile 6 Next day we went on to Europa, a small island of coralline. 1876R. F. Burton Gorilla L. I. 8 The outside walls..are whitewashed with burnt coralline. |