| 释义 |
trinitro- before a vowel trinitr-. Chem.|traɪˈnaɪtrəʊ|
[f. tri- 5 + nitro-.]
a. A formative denoting that three nitro-groups, NO2, have replaced three hydrogen atoms in the substance designated by the rest of the name, the nitrogen atoms being directly joined to carbon atoms; e.g. trinitrophenol or picric acid, C6H2(NO2)3(OH), in which three H atoms of phenol have been replaced by three NO2 groups, the N atoms directly joined to three C atoms. So trinitrocresol, C6H(CH3)(OH)(NO2)3, from cresol; trinitronaphthalene, C10H5(NO2)3 from naphthalene, C10H8, etc. Also attrib., as tri-nitro carbolic acid.
1851Q. Jrnl. Chem. Soc. III. 75 A third compound is formed, in which 3 eq. of hydrogen are replaced by hyponitric acid: this is Trinitranisol. 1869Roscoe Elem. Chem. xxxix. 381 Tri-nitro-phenol [1866, xxxix. 336 tri-nitro carbolic acid] or picric acid, is a bright yellow crystalline body.
b. In earlier nomenclature, trinitro- included cases in which the nitrogen atoms of the NO2 groups were attached by oxygen atoms to the carbon atoms of the substance designated by the rest of the name; such compounds are now called trinitrates; e.g. triˌnitroˈglycerin, C3H5(O.NO2)3 (also trinitrin), now called glyceryl trinitrate. So triˌnitro-ˈcellulose or gun-cotton, a powerful explosive, considered to be {ob}C6H7O2(O.NO2)3{cb}x, derived from cellulose, {ob}C6H10O5{cb}x, by replacement of OH groups by O.NO2 groups of nitric acid, HO.NO2, the molecule being some unknown multiple of the formula. (See also quot. 1910.)
1864Mills in Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XVII. 158, I prepared trinitro-glycerin for this purpose. 1866[see trinitrin]. 1875H. C. Wood Therap. (1879) 589 The true explosive gun-cotton, that which is alone adapted for gunnery, is tri⁓nitrocellulose. 1897Daily News 9 Feb. 7/4 Mr. Maxim..took the two most powerful smokeless explosives, nitro⁓glycerine and tri-nitro-cellulose. He mixed them by dissolving them in something which would dissolve both. 1910Walker & Mott Holleman's Org. Chem. (ed. 3) 293 In the nitration of cellulose the final product is trinitro-oxy⁓cellulose..the formation of the trinitro-compound is accompanied by oxidation of the cellulose... (C24H40O21)x. |